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第 0 章 前言
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第 0 章 前言
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0.1 关于本书
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0.2 如何使用本书
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0.3 小结
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第 1 章 初识算法
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第 1 章 初识算法
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1.1 算法无处不在
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1.2 算法是什么
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1.3 小结
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第 2 章 复杂度分析
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第 2 章 复杂度分析
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2.1 算法效率评估
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2.2 迭代与递归
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2.3 时间复杂度
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2.4 空间复杂度
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2.5 小结
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第 3 章 数据结构
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第 3 章 数据结构
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3.1 数据结构分类
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3.2 基本数据类型
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3.3 数字编码 *
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3.4 字符编码 *
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3.5 小结
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第 4 章 数组与链表
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第 4 章 数组与链表
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4.4 内存与缓存 *
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4.5 小结
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第 5 章 栈与队列
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5.3 双向队列
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5.4 小结
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第 6 章 哈希表
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第 6 章 哈希表
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6.1 哈希表
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6.2 哈希冲突
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6.3 哈希算法
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6.4 小结
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第 7 章 树
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第 7 章 树
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7.1 二叉树
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7.2 二叉树遍历
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7.4 二叉搜索树
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7.5 AVL 树 *
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7.6 小结
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< svg xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox = "0 0 24 24" > < path d = "M12 1a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 11 5.79V7H7a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 3.5 12 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 5 14.29V15H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v1.21A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 .5 20.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 3 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 4 18.21V17h4v1.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5 2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 9 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5-2.29V17a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H7v-.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 8.5 12 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 7 9.71V9h10v.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 15.5 12a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 1.5 2.29V15h-1a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v1.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5 2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 15 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5-2.29V17h4v1.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5 2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 21 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5-2.29V17a2 2 0 0 0-2-2h-1v-.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 20.5 12 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 19 9.71V9a2 2 0 0 0-2-2h-4V5.79a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 1.5-2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 12 1m0 1.5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1M6 11a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m12 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1M3 19.5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m6 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m6 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m6 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z" / > < / svg >
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第 8 章 堆
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第 8 章 堆
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< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "chapter_heap/heap/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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8.1 堆
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< / span >
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< / a >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "chapter_heap/build_heap/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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8.2 建堆操作
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< / span >
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< a href = "chapter_heap/top_k/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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8.3 Top-K 问题
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "chapter_heap/summary/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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< span class = "md-ellipsis" >
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8.4 小结
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< / span >
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< / a >
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< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested" >
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< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_10" >
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< div class = "md-nav__link md-nav__container" >
< a href = "chapter_graph/" class = "md-nav__link " >
< svg xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox = "0 0 24 24" > < path d = "m12 5.37-.44-.06L6 14.9c.24.21.4.48.47.78h11.06c.07-.3.23-.57.47-.78l-5.56-9.59-.44.06M6.6 16.53l4.28 2.53c.29-.27.69-.43 1.12-.43.43 0 .83.16 1.12.43l4.28-2.53H6.6M12 22a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68-1.68l.09-.56-4.3-2.55c-.31.36-.76.58-1.27.58a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68-1.68c0-.79.53-1.45 1.26-1.64V9.36c-.83-.11-1.47-.82-1.47-1.68A1.68 1.68 0 0 1 4.63 6c.55 0 1.03.26 1.34.66l4.41-2.53-.06-.45c0-.93.75-1.68 1.68-1.68.93 0 1.68.75 1.68 1.68l-.06.45 4.41 2.53c.31-.4.79-.66 1.34-.66a1.68 1.68 0 0 1 1.68 1.68c0 .86-.64 1.57-1.47 1.68v5.11c.73.19 1.26.85 1.26 1.64a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68 1.68c-.51 0-.96-.22-1.27-.58l-4.3 2.55.09.56A1.68 1.68 0 0 1 12 22M10.8 4.86 6.3 7.44l.02.24c0 .71-.44 1.32-1.06 1.57l.03 5.25 5.51-9.64m2.4 0 5.51 9.64.03-5.25c-.62-.25-1.06-.86-1.06-1.57l.02-.24-4.5-2.58Z" / > < / svg >
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第 9 章 图
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第 9 章 图
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< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "chapter_graph/graph/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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9.1 图
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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9.2 图基础操作
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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9.3 图的遍历
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9.4 小结
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< / span >
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< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested" >
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< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_11" >
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< div class = "md-nav__link md-nav__container" >
< a href = "chapter_searching/" class = "md-nav__link " >
< svg xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox = "0 0 24 24" > < path d = "m19.31 18.9 3.08 3.1L21 23.39l-3.12-3.07c-.69.43-1.51.68-2.38.68-2.5 0-4.5-2-4.5-4.5s2-4.5 4.5-4.5 4.5 2 4.5 4.5c0 .88-.25 1.71-.69 2.4m-3.81.1a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 0-5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 0 5M21 4v2H3V4h18M3 16v-2h6v2H3m0-5V9h18v2h-2.03c-1.01-.63-2.2-1-3.47-1s-2.46.37-3.47 1H3Z" / > < / svg >
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第 10 章 搜索
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< / span >
< / a >
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第 10 章 搜索
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< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "chapter_searching/binary_search/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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10.1 二分查找
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "chapter_searching/binary_search_insertion/" class = "md-nav__link" >
< span class = "md-ellipsis" >
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10.2 二分查找插入点
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< / span >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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10.3 二分查找边界
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< / span >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "chapter_searching/replace_linear_by_hashing/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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< span class = "md-ellipsis" >
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10.4 哈希优化策略
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< / span >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "chapter_searching/searching_algorithm_revisited/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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< span class = "md-ellipsis" >
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10.5 重识搜索算法
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< / span >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "chapter_searching/summary/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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< span class = "md-ellipsis" >
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10.6 小结
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< / span >
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< / a >
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第 11 章 排序
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第 11 章 排序
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11.1 排序算法
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11.2 选择排序
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11.3 冒泡排序
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11.4 插入排序
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11.5 快速排序
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11.6 归并排序
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11.7 堆排序
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11.8 桶排序
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11.9 计数排序
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11.10 基数排序
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11.11 小结
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第 12 章 分治
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第 12 章 分治
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12.1 分治算法
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12.2 分治搜索策略
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12.3 构建树问题
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12.4 汉诺塔问题
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12.5 小结
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第 13 章 回溯
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第 13 章 回溯
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13.1 回溯算法
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13.2 全排列问题
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13.3 子集和问题
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13.4 N 皇后问题
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13.5 小结
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14.2 DP 问题特性
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14.3 DP 解题思路
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14.4 0-1 背包问题
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14.7 小结
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第 15 章 贪心
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15.1 贪心算法
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第 16 章 附录
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第 16 章 附录
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16.1 编程环境安装
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16.2 一起参与创作
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16.3 术语表
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< img src = "https://img.shields.io/badge/C%23-snow?logo=csharp&logoColor=512BD4" >
< img src = "https://img.shields.io/badge/Go-snow?logo=go&logoColor=00ADD8" >
< img src = "https://img.shields.io/badge/Swift-snow?logo=swift&logoColor=F05138" >
< img src = "https://img.shields.io/badge/JavaScript-snow?logo=javascript&logoColor=E9CE30" >
< img src = "https://img.shields.io/badge/TypeScript-snow?logo=typescript&logoColor=3178C6" >
< img src = "https://img.shields.io/badge/Dart-snow?logo=dart&logoColor=0175C2" >
< img src = "https://img.shields.io/badge/Rust-snow?logo=rust&logoColor=000000" >
< img src = "https://img.shields.io/badge/C-snow?logo=c&logoColor=A8B9CC" >
< img src = "https://img.shields.io/badge/Zig-snow?logo=zig&logoColor=F7A41D" >
< img src = "https://img.shields.io/badge/Stay%20Tuned-snow" >
< / p >
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< hr / >
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< h2 align = "center" > 推荐语 < / h2 >
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< div style = "display: flex;" >
< div class = "admonition quote" style = "flex: 1; margin-right: 0.4rem;" >
< p class = "admonition-title" > Quote< / p >
< p > “一本通俗易懂的数据结构与算法入门书，引导读者手脑并用地学习，强烈推荐算法初学者阅读。”< / p >
< p > < strong > —— 邓俊辉，清华大学计算机系教授< / strong > < / p >
< / div >
< div class = "admonition quote" style = "flex: 1; margin-left: 0.4rem;" >
< p class = "admonition-title" > Quote< / p >
< p > “如果我当年学数据结构与算法的时候有《Hello 算法》，学起来应该会简单 10 倍！”< / p >
< p > < strong > —— 李沐，亚马逊资深首席科学家< / strong > < / p >
< / div >
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< / div >
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< hr / >
< div style = "display: flex; align-items: center; margin: 2rem auto;" >
< div style = "flex: 1; margin: 0 2rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center;" >
< div style = "display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center;" >
< h3 > 动画图解< / h3 >
< svg xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" height = "16" width = "20" viewBox = "0 0 640 512" > <!-- !Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2023 Fonticons, Inc. --> < path d = "M256 0H576c35.3 0 64 28.7 64 64V288c0 35.3-28.7 64-64 64H256c-35.3 0-64-28.7-64-64V64c0-35.3 28.7-64 64-64zM476 106.7C471.5 100 464 96 456 96s-15.5 4-20 10.7l-56 84L362.7 169c-4.6-5.7-11.5-9-18.7-9s-14.2 3.3-18.7 9l-64 80c-5.8 7.2-6.9 17.1-2.9 25.4s12.4 13.6 21.6 13.6h80 48H552c8.9 0 17-4.9 21.2-12.7s3.7-17.3-1.2-24.6l-96-144zM336 96a32 32 0 1 0 -64 0 32 32 0 1 0 64 0zM64 128h96V384v32c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32H320c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V384H512v64c0 35.3-28.7 64-64 64H64c-35.3 0-64-28.7-64-64V192c0-35.3 28.7-64 64-64zm8 64c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16v16c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16H88c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16V208c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16H72zm0 104c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16v16c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16H88c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16V312c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16H72zm0 104c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16v16c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16H88c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16V416c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16H72zm336 16v16c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16h16c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16V416c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16H424c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16z" / > < / svg >
< / div >
< p style = "text-align: center;" > 内容清晰易懂< / br > 学习曲线平滑< / p >
< / div >
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< img src = "index.assets/animation.gif" class = "cover-image" style = "flex-shrink: 0; width: auto; max-width: 50%; border-radius: 0.5rem;" >
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< / div >
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< div class = "admonition quote" >
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< p align = "center" > "A picture is worth a thousand words."< / p >
< p align = "center" > “一图胜千言”< / p >
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< / div >
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< div style = "display: flex; align-items: center; margin: 2rem auto;" >
< img src = "index.assets/running_code.gif" class = "cover-image" style = "flex-shrink: 0; width: auto; max-width: 50%; border-radius: 0.5rem;" >
< div style = "flex: 1; margin: 0 2rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center;" >
< div style = "display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center;" >
< h3 > 一键运行< / h3 >
< svg xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" height = "16" width = "20" viewBox = "0 0 640 512" > <!-- !Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2023 Fonticons, Inc. --> < path d = "M392.8 1.2c-17-4.9-34.7 5-39.6 22l-128 448c-4.9 17 5 34.7 22 39.6s34.7-5 39.6-22l128-448c4.9-17-5-34.7-22-39.6zm80.6 120.1c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L562.7 256l-89.4 89.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l112-112c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-112-112c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0zm-306.7 0c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0l-112 112c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3l112 112c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0s12.5-32.8 0-45.3L77.3 256l89.4-89.4c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3z" / > < / svg >
< / div >
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< p style = "text-align: center;" > 十余种编程语言< br > 代码可直接运行< / p >
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< / div >
< / div >
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< div class = "admonition quote" >
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< p align = "center" > "Talk is cheap. Show me the code."< / p >
< p align = "center" > “少吹牛，看代码”< / p >
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< / div >
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< div style = "display: flex; align-items: center; margin: 2rem auto;" >
< div style = "flex: 1; margin: 0 2rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center;" >
< div style = "display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center;" >
< h3 > 互助学习< / h3 >
< svg xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" height = "16" width = "20" viewBox = "0 0 640 512" > <!-- !Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2023 Fonticons, Inc. --> < path d = "M88.2 309.1c9.8-18.3 6.8-40.8-7.5-55.8C59.4 230.9 48 204 48 176c0-63.5 63.8-128 160-128s160 64.5 160 128s-63.8 128-160 128c-13.1 0-25.8-1.3-37.8-3.6c-10.4-2-21.2-.6-30.7 4.2c-4.1 2.1-8.3 4.1-12.6 6c-16 7.2-32.9 13.5-49.9 18c2.8-4.6 5.4-9.1 7.9-13.6c1.1-1.9 2.2-3.9 3.2-5.9zM0 176c0 41.8 17.2 80.1 45.9 110.3c-.9 1.7-1.9 3.5-2.8 5.1c-10.3 18.4-22.3 36.5-36.6 52.1c-6.6 7-8.3 17.2-4.6 25.9C5.8 378.3 14.4 384 24 384c43 0 86.5-13.3 122.7-29.7c4.8-2.2 9.6-4.5 14.2-6.8c15.1 3 30.9 4.5 47.1 4.5c114.9 0 208-78.8 208-176S322.9 0 208 0S0 78.8 0 176zM432 480c16.2 0 31.9-1.6 47.1-4.5c4.6 2.3 9.4 4.6 14.2 6.8C529.5 498.7 573 512 616 512c9.6 0 18.2-5.7 22-14.5c3.8-8.8 2-19-4.6-25.9c-14.2-15.6-26.2-33.7-36.6-52.1c-.9-1.7-1.9-3.4-2.8-5.1C622.8 384.1 640 345.8 640 304c0-94.4-87.9-171.5-198.2-175.8c4.1 15.2 6.2 31.2 6.2 47.8l0 .6c87.2 6.7 144 67.5 144 127.4c0 28-11.4 54.9-32.7 77.2c-14.3 15-17.3 37.6-7.5 55.8c1.1 2 2.2 4 3.2 5.9c2.5 4.5 5.2 9 7.9 13.6c-17-4.5-33.9-10.7-49.9-18c-4.3-1.9-8.5-3.9-12.6-6c-9.5-4.8-20.3-6.2-30.7-4.2c-12.1 2.4-24.7 3.6-37.8 3.6c-61.7 0-110-26.5-136.8-62.3c-16 5.4-32.8 9.4-50 11.8C279 439.8 350 480 432 480z" / > < / svg >
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< p style = "text-align: center;" > 欢迎讨论与提问< / br > 读者间携手共进< / p >
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< / div >
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< img src = "index.assets/comment.gif" class = "cover-image" style = "flex-shrink: 0; width: auto; max-width: 50%; border-radius: 0.5rem;" >
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< / div >
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< div class = "admonition quote" >
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< p align = "center" > "追风赶月莫停留"< / p >
< p align = "center" > “平芜尽处是春山”< / p >
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< / div >
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< hr / >
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< h2 align = "center" > 序 < / h2 >
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< p > 两年前，我在力扣上分享了“剑指 Offer”系列题解， ， ， < / p >
< p > 两眼一抹黑地刷题似乎是最受欢迎的方法，简单直接且有效。然而刷题就如同玩“扫雷”游戏，自学能力强的同学能够顺利将地雷逐个排掉，而基础不足的同学很可能被炸的满头是包，并在挫折中步步退缩。通读教材也是一种常见做法，但对于面向求职的同学来说，毕业季、投递简历、准备笔试面试已经消耗了大部分精力，啃厚重的书往往变成了一项艰巨的挑战。< / p >
< p > 如果你也面临类似的困扰，那么很幸运这本书找到了你。本书是我对这个问题给出的答案，即使不是最优解，也至少是一次积极的尝试。本书虽然不足以让你直接拿到 Offer ，但会引导你探索数据结构与算法的“知识地图”，带你了解不同“地雷”的形状、大小和分布位置，让你掌握各种“排雷方法”。有了这些本领，相信你可以更加自如地刷题和阅读文献，逐步构建起完整的知识体系。< / p >
< p > 我深深赞同费曼教授所言： < / p >
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< h3 align = "left" > 作者简介 < / h3 >
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< p > 靳宇栋 (< a href = "https://leetcode.cn/u/jyd/" > Krahets< / a > )， ， （ ） ， < a href = "https://leetcode.cn/leetbook/detail/illustration-of-algorithm/" > 《图解算法数据结构》< / a > 已被订阅 30 万本。< / p >
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< hr / >
< h2 align = "center" > 致谢 < / h2 >
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< p > 本书在开源社区众多贡献者的共同努力下不断完善。感谢每一位投入时间与精力的撰稿人，他们是（按照 GitHub 自动生成的顺序排列）：< / p >
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< p align = "center" >
< a href = "https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo/graphs/contributors" >
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< img width = "550" src = "https://contrib.rocks/image?repo=krahets/hello-algo" >
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< / a >
< / p >
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< p > 本书的代码审阅工作由 Gonglja、gvenusleo、hpstory、justin‐ < / p >
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< div class = "center-table" >
< table >
< tbody >
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< td align = "center" > < a href = "https://github.com/Gonglja" > < img style = "border-radius: 50%;" src = "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/39959756?v=4" width = "50px;" alt = "Gonglja" / > < br / > < sub > < b > Gonglja< / b > < / sub > < / a > < br / > < sub > C, C++< / sub > < / td >
< td align = "center" > < a href = "https://github.com/gvenusleo" > < img style = "border-radius: 50%;" src = "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/79075347?v=4" width = "50px;" alt = "gvenusleo" / > < br / > < sub > < b > gvenusleo< / b > < / sub > < / a > < br / > < sub > Dart< / sub > < / td >
< td align = "center" > < a href = "https://github.com/hpstory" > < img style = "border-radius: 50%;" src = "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/33348162?v=4" width = "50px;" alt = "hpstory" / > < br / > < sub > < b > hpstory< / b > < / sub > < / a > < br / > < sub > C#< / sub > < / td >
< td align = "center" > < a href = "https://github.com/justin-tse" > < img style = "border-radius: 50%;" src = "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/24556310?v=4" width = "50px;" alt = "justin-tse" / > < br / > < sub > < b > justin-tse< / b > < / sub > < / a > < br / > < sub > JS, TS< / sub > < / td >
< td align = "center" > < a href = "https://github.com/krahets" > < img style = "border-radius: 50%;" src = "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/26993056?v=4" width = "50px;" alt = "krahets" / > < br / > < sub > < b > krahets< / b > < / sub > < / a > < br / > < sub > Java, Python< / sub > < / td >
< td align = "center" > < a href = "https://github.com/night-cruise" > < img style = "border-radius: 50%;" src = "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/77157236?v=4" width = "50px;" alt = "night-cruise" / > < br / > < sub > < b > night-cruise< / b > < / sub > < / a > < br / > < sub > Rust< / sub > < / td >
< td align = "center" > < a href = "https://github.com/nuomi1" > < img style = "border-radius: 50%;" src = "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/3739017?v=4" width = "50px;" alt = "nuomi1" / > < br / > < sub > < b > nuomi1< / b > < / sub > < / a > < br / > < sub > Swift< / sub > < / td >
< td align = "center" > < a href = "https://github.com/Reanon" > < img style = "border-radius: 50%;" src = "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/22005836?v=4" width = "50px;" alt = "Reanon" / > < br / > < sub > < b > Reanon< / b > < / sub > < / a > < br / > < sub > Go, C< / sub > < / td >
< td align = "center" > < a href = "https://github.com/sjinzh" > < img style = "border-radius: 50%;" src = "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/99076655?v=4" width = "50px;" alt = "sjinzh" / > < br / > < sub > < b > sjinzh< / b > < / sub > < / a > < br / > < sub > Rust, Zig< / sub > < / td >
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< / tbody >
< / table >
< / div >
2023-09-21 20:44:52 +08:00
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