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16.3 术语表
表 16-1 列出了书中出现的重要术语。建议你同时记住它们的中英文叫法，以便阅读英文文献。
表 16-1 数据结构与算法重要名词
| 中文 | English |
|---|---|
| 算法 | algorithm |
| 数据结构 | data structure |
| 渐近复杂度分析 | asymptotic complexity analysis |
| 时间复杂度 | time complexity |
| 空间复杂度 | space complexity |
| 迭代 | iteration |
| 递归 | recursion |
| 尾递归 | tail recursion |
| 递归树 | recursion tree |
大 O 记号 |
big-O notation |
| 渐近上界 | asymptotic upper bound |
| 原码 | true form |
| 反码 | 1's complement code |
| 补码 | 2's complement code |
| 数组 | array |
| 索引 | index |
| 链表 | linked list |
| 链表节点 | list node |
| 列表 | list |
| 动态数组 | dynamic array |
| 栈 | stack |
| 队列 | queue |
| 双向队列 | double-ended queue |
| 哈希表 | hash table |
| 桶 | bucket |
| 哈希函数 | hash function |
| 哈希冲突 | hash collision |
| 负载因子 | load factor |
| 链式地址 | separate chaining |
| 开放寻址 | open addressing |
| 线性探测 | linear probing |
| 懒删除 | lazy deletion |
| 二叉树 | binary tree |
| 树节点 | tree node |
| 左子节点 | left-child node |
| 右子节点 | right-child node |
| 父节点 | parent node |
| 左子树 | left subtree |
| 右子树 | right subtree |
| 根节点 | root node |
| 叶节点 | leaf node |
| 边 | edge |
| 层 | level |
| 度 | degree |
| 高度 | height |
| 深度 | depth |
| 完美二叉树 | perfect binary tree |
| 完全二叉树 | complete binary tree |
| 完满二叉树 | full binary tree |
| 平衡二叉树 | balanced binary tree |
| AVL 树 | AVL tree |
| 红黑树 | red-black tree |
| 层序遍历 | level-order traversal |
| 广度优先遍历 | breadth-first traversal |
| 深度优先遍历 | depth-first traversal |
| 二叉搜索树 | binary search tree |
| 平衡二叉搜索树 | balanced binary search tree |
| 平衡因子 | balance factor |
| 堆 | heap |
| 大顶堆 | max heap |
| 小顶堆 | min heap |
| 优先队列 | priority queue |
| 堆化 | heapify |
| 图 | graph |
| 顶点 | vertex |
| 无向图 | undirected graph |
| 有向图 | directed graph |
| 连通图 | connected graph |
| 非连通图 | disconnected graph |
| 有权图 | weighted graph |
| 邻接 | adjacency |
| 路径 | path |
| 入度 | in-degree |
| 出度 | out-degree |
| 邻接矩阵 | adjacency matrix |
| 邻接表 | adjacency list |
| 广度优先搜索 | breadth-first search |
| 深度优先搜索 | depth-first search |
| 二分查找 | binary search |
| 搜索算法 | searching algorithm |
| 排序算法 | sorting algorithm |
| 选择排序 | selection sort |
| 冒泡排序 | bubble sort |
| 插入排序 | insertion sort |
| 快速排序 | quick sort |
| 归并排序 | merge sort |
| 堆排序 | heap sort |
| 桶排序 | bucket sort |
| 计数排序 | counting sort |
| 基数排序 | radix sort |
| 分治 | divide and conquer |
| 汉诺塔问题 | hanota problem |
| 回溯算法 | backtracking algorithm |
| 约束 | constraint |
| 解 | solution |
| 状态 | state |
| 剪枝 | pruning |
| 全排列问题 | permutations problem |
| 子集和问题 | subset-sum problem |
| N 皇后问题 | N-queens problem |
| 动态规划 | dynamic programming |
| 初始状态 | initial state |
| 状态转移方程 | state-trasition equation |
| 背包问题 | knapsack problem |
| 编辑距离问题 | edit distance problem |
| 贪心算法 | greedy algorithm |