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12
docs/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list.md
View file

@ -153,12 +153,10 @@ comments: true
```c title=""
/* 链表节点结构体 */
struct ListNode {
typedef struct ListNode {
int val; // 节点值
struct ListNode *next; // 指向下一节点的指针
};
typedef struct ListNode ListNode;
} ListNode;
/* 构造函数 */
ListNode *newListNode(int val) {
@ -1284,13 +1282,11 @@ comments: true
```c title=""
/* 双向链表节点结构体 */
struct ListNode {
typedef struct ListNode {
int val; // 节点值
struct ListNode *next; // 指向后继节点的指针
struct ListNode *prev; // 指向前驱节点的指针
};
typedef struct ListNode ListNode;
} ListNode;
/* 构造函数 */
ListNode *newListNode(int val) {

30
docs/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list.md
View file

@ -1895,18 +1895,16 @@ comments: true
```c title="my_list.c"
/* 列表类简易实现 */
struct myList {
typedef struct {
int *arr; // 数组（存储列表元素）
int capacity; // 列表容量
int size; // 列表大小
int extendRatio; // 列表每次扩容的倍数
};
typedef struct myList myList;
} MyList;
/* 构造函数 */
myList *newMyList() {
myList *nums = malloc(sizeof(myList));
MyList *newMyList() {
MyList *nums = malloc(sizeof(MyList));
nums->capacity = 10;
nums->arr = malloc(sizeof(int) * nums->capacity);
nums->size = 0;
@ -1915,35 +1913,35 @@ comments: true
}
/* 析构函数 */
void delMyList(myList *nums) {
void delMyList(MyList *nums) {
free(nums->arr);
free(nums);
}
/* 获取列表长度 */
int size(myList *nums) {
int size(MyList *nums) {
return nums->size;
}
/* 获取列表容量 */
int capacity(myList *nums) {
int capacity(MyList *nums) {
return nums->capacity;
}
/* 访问元素 */
int get(myList *nums, int index) {
int get(MyList *nums, int index) {
assert(index >= 0 && index < nums->size);
return nums->arr[index];
}
/* 更新元素 */
void set(myList *nums, int index, int num) {
void set(MyList *nums, int index, int num) {
assert(index >= 0 && index < nums->size);
nums->arr[index] = num;
}
/* 尾部添加元素 */
void add(myList *nums, int num) {
void add(MyList *nums, int num) {
if (size(nums) == capacity(nums)) {
extendCapacity(nums); // 扩容
}
@ -1952,7 +1950,7 @@ comments: true
}
/* 中间插入元素 */
void insert(myList *nums, int index, int num) {
void insert(MyList *nums, int index, int num) {
assert(index >= 0 && index < size(nums));
// 元素数量超出容量时，触发扩容机制
if (size(nums) == capacity(nums)) {
@ -1967,7 +1965,7 @@ comments: true
/* 删除元素 */
// 注意：stdio.h 占用了 remove 关键词
int removeNum(myList *nums, int index) {
int removeNum(MyList *nums, int index) {
assert(index >= 0 && index < size(nums));
int num = nums->arr[index];
for (int i = index; i < size(nums) - 1; i++) {
@ -1978,7 +1976,7 @@ comments: true
}
/* 列表扩容 */
void extendCapacity(myList *nums) {
void extendCapacity(MyList *nums) {
// 先分配空间
int newCapacity = capacity(nums) * nums->extendRatio;
int *extend = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * newCapacity);
@ -1997,7 +1995,7 @@ comments: true
}
/* 将列表转换为 Array 用于打印 */
int *toArray(myList *nums) {
int *toArray(MyList *nums) {
return nums->arr;
}
```

31
docs/chapter_backtracking/n_queens_problem.md
View file

@ -601,25 +601,17 @@ comments: true
=== "C"
```c title="n_queens.c"
/* 放置结果 */
struct result {
char ***data;
int size;
};
typedef struct result Result;
/* 回溯算法：N 皇后 */
void backtrack(int row, int n, char state[MAX_N][MAX_N], Result *res,
bool cols[MAX_N], bool diags1[2 * MAX_N - 1], bool diags2[2 * MAX_N - 1]) {
void backtrack(int row, int n, char state[MAX_N][MAX_N], char ***res, int *resSize, bool cols[MAX_N],
bool diags1[2 * MAX_N - 1], bool diags2[2 * MAX_N - 1]) {
// 当放置完所有行时，记录解
if (row == n) {
res->data[res->size] = (char **)malloc(sizeof(char *) * n);
res[*resSize] = (char **)malloc(sizeof(char *) * n);
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
res->data[res->size][i] = (char *)malloc(sizeof(char) * (n + 1));
strcpy(res->data[res->size][i], state[i]);
res[*resSize][i] = (char *)malloc(sizeof(char) * (n + 1));
strcpy(res[*resSize][i], state[i]);
}
res->size++;
(*resSize)++;
return;
}
// 遍历所有列
@ -633,7 +625,7 @@ comments: true
state[row][col] = 'Q';
cols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = true;
// 放置下一行
backtrack(row + 1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);
backtrack(row + 1, n, state, res, resSize, cols, diags1, diags2);
// 回退：将该格子恢复为空位
state[row][col] = '#';
cols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = false;
@ -642,7 +634,7 @@ comments: true
}
/* 求解 N 皇后 */
Result *nQueens(int n) {
char ***nQueens(int n, int *returnSize) {
char state[MAX_N][MAX_N];
// 初始化 n*n 大小的棋盘，其中 'Q' 代表皇后，'#' 代表空位
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
@ -655,10 +647,9 @@ comments: true
bool diags1[2 * MAX_N - 1] = {false}; // 记录主对角线是否有皇后
bool diags2[2 * MAX_N - 1] = {false}; // 记录副对角线是否有皇后
Result *res = malloc(sizeof(Result));
res->data = (char ***)malloc(sizeof(char **) * MAX_RES);
res->size = 0;
backtrack(0, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);
char ***res = (char ***)malloc(sizeof(char **) * MAX_RES);
*returnSize = 0;
backtrack(0, n, state, res, returnSize, cols, diags1, diags2);
return res;
}
```

12
docs/chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity.md
View file

@ -1254,13 +1254,11 @@ $$
```c title="space_complexity.c"
/* 哈希表 */
struct hashTable {
typedef struct {
int key;
int val;
UT_hash_handle hh; // 基于 uthash.h 实现
};
typedef struct hashTable hashTable;
} HashTable;
/* 线性阶 */
void linear(int n) {
@ -1280,16 +1278,16 @@ $$
free(nodes);
// 长度为 n 的哈希表占用 O(n) 空间
hashTable *h = NULL;
HashTable *h = NULL;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
hashTable *tmp = malloc(sizeof(hashTable));
HashTable *tmp = malloc(sizeof(HashTable));
tmp->key = i;
tmp->val = i;
HASH_ADD_INT(h, key, tmp);
}
// 内存释放
hashTable *curr, *tmp;
HashTable *curr, *tmp;
HASH_ITER(hh, h, curr, tmp) {
HASH_DEL(h, curr);
free(curr);

40
docs/chapter_divide_and_conquer/build_binary_tree_problem.md
View file

@ -404,26 +404,36 @@ comments: true
=== "C"
```c title="build_tree.c"
/* 构建二叉树 */
fn build_tree(preorder: &[i32], inorder: &[i32]) -> Option<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>> {
// 初始化哈希表，存储 inorder 元素到索引的映射
let mut inorder_map: HashMap<i32, i32> = HashMap::new();
for i in 0..inorder.len() {
inorder_map.insert(inorder[i], i as i32);
}
let root = dfs(preorder, &inorder_map, 0, 0, inorder.len() as i32 - 1);
root
/* 构建二叉树：分治 */
TreeNode *dfs(int *preorder, int *inorderMap, int i, int l, int r, int size) {
// 子树区间为空时终止
if (r - l < 0)
return NULL;
// 初始化根节点
TreeNode *root = (TreeNode *)malloc(sizeof(TreeNode));
root->val = preorder[i];
root->left = NULL;
root->right = NULL;
// 查询 m ，从而划分左右子树
int m = inorderMap[preorder[i]];
// 子问题：构建左子树
root->left = dfs(preorder, inorderMap, i + 1, l, m - 1, size);
// 子问题：构建右子树
root->right = dfs(preorder, inorderMap, i + 1 + m - l, m + 1, r, size);
// 返回根节点
return root;
}
/* 构建二叉树 */
fn build_tree(preorder: &[i32], inorder: &[i32]) -> Option<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>> {
TreeNode *buildTree(int *preorder, int preorderSize, int *inorder, int inorderSize) {
// 初始化哈希表，存储 inorder 元素到索引的映射
let mut inorder_map: HashMap<i32, i32> = HashMap::new();
for i in 0..inorder.len() {
inorder_map.insert(inorder[i], i as i32);
int *inorderMap = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * MAX_N);
for (int i = 0; i < inorderSize; i++) {
inorderMap[inorder[i]] = i;
}
let root = dfs(preorder, &inorder_map, 0, 0, inorder.len() as i32 - 1);
root
TreeNode *root = dfs(preorder, inorderMap, 0, 0, inorderSize - 1, inorderSize);
free(inorderMap);
return root;
}
```

2
docs/chapter_dynamic_programming/intro_to_dynamic_programming.md
View file

@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ comments: true
int choices[2] = {1, 2}; // 可选择向上爬 1 或 2 阶
int state = 0; // 从第 0 阶开始爬
int *res = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int));
*res = 0; // 使用 res[0] 记录方案数量
*res = 0; // 使用 res[0] 记录方案数量
int len = sizeof(choices) / sizeof(int);
backtrack(choices, state, n, res, len);
int result = *res;

261
docs/chapter_graph/graph_operations.md
View file

@ -946,143 +946,133 @@ comments: true
```c title="graph_adjacency_matrix.c"
/* 基于邻接矩阵实现的无向图类结构 */
struct graphAdjMat {
int *vertices; // 顶点列表
unsigned int **adjMat; // 邻接矩阵，元素代表“边”，索引代表“顶点索引”
unsigned int size; // 顶点数量
unsigned int capacity; // 图容量
};
typedef struct graphAdjMat graphAdjMat;
typedef struct {
int *vertices; // 顶点列表
int **adjMat; // 邻接矩阵，元素代表“边”，索引代表“顶点索引”
int size; // 顶点数量
int capacity; // 图容量
} GraphAdjMat;
/* 添加边 */
// 参数 i, j 对应 vertices 元素索引
void addEdge(graphAdjMat *t, int i, int j) {
void addEdge(GraphAdjMat *graph, int i, int j) {
// 越界检查
if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= t->size || j >= t->size || i == j) {
if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= graph->size || j >= graph->size || i == j) {
printf("Out of range in %s:%d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
exit(1);
}
// 添加边
// 参数 i, j 对应 vertices 元素索引
t->adjMat[i][j] = 1;
t->adjMat[j][i] = 1;
graph->adjMat[i][j] = 1;
graph->adjMat[j][i] = 1;
}
/* 删除边 */
// 参数 i, j 对应 vertices 元素索引
void removeEdge(graphAdjMat *t, int i, int j) {
void removeEdge(GraphAdjMat *graph, int i, int j) {
// 越界检查
if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= t->size || j >= t->size || i == j) {
if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= graph->size || j >= graph->size || i == j) {
printf("Out of range in %s:%d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
exit(1);
}
// 删除边
// 参数 i, j 对应 vertices 元素索引
t->adjMat[i][j] = 0;
t->adjMat[j][i] = 0;
graph->adjMat[i][j] = 0;
graph->adjMat[j][i] = 0;
}
/* 添加顶点 */
void addVertex(graphAdjMat *t, int val) {
void addVertex(GraphAdjMat *graph, int val) {
// 如果实际使用不大于预设空间，则直接初始化新空间
if (t->size < t->capacity) {
t->vertices[t->size] = val; // 初始化新顶点值
for (int i = 0; i < t->size; i++) {
t->adjMat[i][t->size] = 0; // 邻接矩新列阵置0
if (graph->size < graph->capacity) {
graph->vertices[graph->size] = val; // 初始化新顶点值
for (int i = 0; i < graph->size; i++) {
graph->adjMat[i][graph->size] = 0; // 邻接矩新列阵置0
}
memset(t->adjMat[t->size], 0, sizeof(unsigned int) * (t->size + 1)); // 将新增行置 0
t->size++;
memset(graph->adjMat[graph->size], 0, sizeof(int) * (graph->size + 1)); // 将新增行置 0
graph->size++;
return;
}
// 扩容，申请新的顶点数组
int *temp = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * (t->size * 2));
memcpy(temp, t->vertices, sizeof(int) * t->size);
temp[t->size] = val;
int *temp = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * (graph->size * 2));
memcpy(temp, graph->vertices, sizeof(int) * graph->size);
temp[graph->size] = val;
// 释放原数组
free(t->vertices);
t->vertices = temp;
free(graph->vertices);
graph->vertices = temp;
// 扩容，申请新的二维数组
unsigned int **tempMat = (unsigned int **)malloc(sizeof(unsigned int *) * t->size * 2);
unsigned int *tempMatLine = (unsigned int *)malloc(sizeof(unsigned int) * (t->size * 2) * (t->size * 2));
memset(tempMatLine, 0, sizeof(unsigned int) * (t->size * 2) * (t->size * 2));
for (int k = 0; k < t->size * 2; k++) {
tempMat[k] = tempMatLine + k * (t->size * 2);
int **tempMat = (int **)malloc(sizeof(int *) * graph->size * 2);
int *tempMatLine = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * (graph->size * 2) * (graph->size * 2));
memset(tempMatLine, 0, sizeof(int) * (graph->size * 2) * (graph->size * 2));
for (int k = 0; k < graph->size * 2; k++) {
tempMat[k] = tempMatLine + k * (graph->size * 2);
}
for (int i = 0; i < t->size; i++) {
memcpy(tempMat[i], t->adjMat[i], sizeof(unsigned int) * t->size); // 原数据复制到新数组
for (int i = 0; i < graph->size; i++) {
memcpy(tempMat[i], graph->adjMat[i], sizeof(int) * graph->size); // 原数据复制到新数组
}
for (int i = 0; i < t->size; i++) {
tempMat[i][t->size] = 0; // 将新增列置 0
for (int i = 0; i < graph->size; i++) {
tempMat[i][graph->size] = 0; // 将新增列置 0
}
memset(tempMat[t->size], 0, sizeof(unsigned int) * (t->size + 1)); // 将新增行置 0
memset(tempMat[graph->size], 0, sizeof(int) * (graph->size + 1)); // 将新增行置 0
// 释放原数组
free(t->adjMat[0]);
free(t->adjMat);
free(graph->adjMat[0]);
free(graph->adjMat);
// 扩容后，指向新地址
t->adjMat = tempMat; // 指向新的邻接矩阵地址
t->capacity = t->size * 2;
t->size++;
graph->adjMat = tempMat; // 指向新的邻接矩阵地址
graph->capacity = graph->size * 2;
graph->size++;
}
/* 删除顶点 */
void removeVertex(graphAdjMat *t, unsigned int index) {
void removeVertex(GraphAdjMat *graph, int index) {
// 越界检查
if (index < 0 || index >= t->size) {
if (index < 0 || index >= graph->size) {
printf("Out of range in %s:%d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
exit(1);
}
for (int i = index; i < t->size - 1; i++) {
t->vertices[i] = t->vertices[i + 1]; // 清除删除的顶点，并将其后所有顶点前移
for (int i = index; i < graph->size - 1; i++) {
graph->vertices[i] = graph->vertices[i + 1]; // 清除删除的顶点，并将其后所有顶点前移
}
t->vertices[t->size - 1] = 0; // 将被前移的最后一个顶点置 0
graph->vertices[graph->size - 1] = 0; // 将被前移的最后一个顶点置 0
// 清除邻接矩阵中删除的列
for (int i = 0; i < t->size - 1; i++) {
for (int i = 0; i < graph->size - 1; i++) {
if (i < index) {
for (int j = index; j < t->size - 1; j++) {
t->adjMat[i][j] = t->adjMat[i][j + 1]; // 被删除列后的所有列前移
for (int j = index; j < graph->size - 1; j++) {
graph->adjMat[i][j] = graph->adjMat[i][j + 1]; // 被删除列后的所有列前移
}
} else {
memcpy(t->adjMat[i], t->adjMat[i + 1], sizeof(unsigned int) * t->size); // 被删除行的下方所有行上移
for (int j = index; j < t->size; j++) {
t->adjMat[i][j] = t->adjMat[i][j + 1]; // 被删除列后的所有列前移
memcpy(graph->adjMat[i], graph->adjMat[i + 1], sizeof(int) * graph->size); // 被删除行的下方所有行上移
for (int j = index; j < graph->size; j++) {
graph->adjMat[i][j] = graph->adjMat[i][j + 1]; // 被删除列后的所有列前移
}
}
}
t->size--;
graph->size--;
}
/* 打印顶点与邻接矩阵 */
void printGraph(graphAdjMat *t) {
if (t->size == 0) {
void printGraph(GraphAdjMat *graph) {
if (graph->size == 0) {
printf("graph is empty\n");
return;
}
printf("顶点列表 = [");
for (int i = 0; i < t->size; i++) {
if (i != t->size - 1) {
printf("%d, ", t->vertices[i]);
for (int i = 0; i < graph->size; i++) {
if (i != graph->size - 1) {
printf("%d, ", graph->vertices[i]);
} else {
printf("%d", t->vertices[i]);
printf("%d", graph->vertices[i]);
}
}
printf("]\n");
printf("邻接矩阵 =\n[\n");
for (int i = 0; i < t->size; i++) {
for (int i = 0; i < graph->size; i++) {
printf(" [");
for (int j = 0; j < t->size; j++) {
if (j != t->size - 1) {
printf("%u, ", t->adjMat[i][j]);
for (int j = 0; j < graph->size; j++) {
if (j != graph->size - 1) {
printf("%u, ", graph->adjMat[i][j]);
} else {
printf("%u", t->adjMat[i][j]);
printf("%u", graph->adjMat[i][j]);
}
}
printf("],\n");
@ -1091,26 +1081,24 @@ comments: true
}
/* 构造函数 */
graphAdjMat *newGraphAjdMat(unsigned int numberVertices, int *vertices, unsigned int **adjMat) {
GraphAdjMat *newGraphAjdMat(int numberVertices, int *vertices, int **adjMat) {
// 申请内存
graphAdjMat *newGraph = (graphAdjMat *)malloc(sizeof(graphAdjMat)); // 为图分配内存
newGraph->vertices = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * numberVertices * 2); // 为顶点列表分配内存
newGraph->adjMat = (unsigned int **)malloc(sizeof(unsigned int *) * numberVertices * 2); // 为邻接矩阵分配二维内存
unsigned int *temp = (unsigned int *)malloc(sizeof(unsigned int) * numberVertices * 2 * numberVertices * 2); // 为邻接矩阵分配一维内存
newGraph->size = numberVertices; // 初始化顶点数量
newGraph->capacity = numberVertices * 2; // 初始化图容量
GraphAdjMat *newGraph = (GraphAdjMat *)malloc(sizeof(GraphAdjMat)); // 为图分配内存
newGraph->vertices = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * numberVertices * 2); // 为顶点列表分配内存
newGraph->adjMat = (int **)malloc(sizeof(int *) * numberVertices * 2); // 为邻接矩阵分配二维内存
int *temp = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * numberVertices * 2 * numberVertices * 2); // 为邻接矩阵分配一维内存
newGraph->size = numberVertices; // 初始化顶点数量
newGraph->capacity = numberVertices * 2; // 初始化图容量
// 配置二维数组
for (int i = 0; i < numberVertices * 2; i++) {
newGraph->adjMat[i] = temp + i * numberVertices * 2; // 将二维指针指向一维数组
}
// 赋值
memcpy(newGraph->vertices, vertices, sizeof(int) * numberVertices);
for (int i = 0; i < numberVertices; i++) {
memcpy(newGraph->adjMat[i], adjMat[i], sizeof(unsigned int) * numberVertices); // 将传入的邻接矩阵赋值给结构体内邻接矩阵
memcpy(newGraph->adjMat[i], adjMat[i],
sizeof(int) * numberVertices); // 将传入的邻接矩阵赋值给结构体内邻接矩阵
}
// 返回结构体指针
return newGraph;
}
@ -1979,105 +1967,96 @@ comments: true
```c title="graph_adjacency_list.c"
/* 基于邻接链表实现的无向图类结构 */
struct graphAdjList {
Vertex **verticesList; // 邻接表
typedef struct {
Vertex **vertices; // 邻接表
unsigned int size; // 顶点数量
unsigned int capacity; // 顶点容量
};
typedef struct graphAdjList graphAdjList;
} GraphAdjList;
/* 添加边 */
void addEdge(graphAdjList *t, int i, int j) {
void addEdge(GraphAdjList *graph, int i, int j) {
// 越界检查
if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i == j || i >= t->size || j >= t->size) {
if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i == j || i >= graph->size || j >= graph->size) {
printf("Out of range in %s:%d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
return;
}
// 查找欲添加边的顶点 vet1 - vet2
Vertex *vet1 = t->verticesList[i];
Vertex *vet2 = t->verticesList[j];
Vertex *vet1 = graph->vertices[i];
Vertex *vet2 = graph->vertices[j];
// 连接顶点 vet1 - vet2
pushBack(vet1->linked, vet2);
pushBack(vet2->linked, vet1);
pushBack(vet1->list, vet2);
pushBack(vet2->list, vet1);
}
/* 删除边 */
void removeEdge(graphAdjList *t, int i, int j) {
void removeEdge(GraphAdjList *graph, int i, int j) {
// 越界检查
if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i == j || i >= t->size || j >= t->size) {
if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i == j || i >= graph->size || j >= graph->size) {
printf("Out of range in %s:%d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
return;
}
// 查找欲删除边的顶点 vet1 - vet2
Vertex *vet1 = t->verticesList[i];
Vertex *vet2 = t->verticesList[j];
Vertex *vet1 = graph->vertices[i];
Vertex *vet2 = graph->vertices[j];
// 移除待删除边 vet1 - vet2
removeLink(vet1->linked, vet2);
removeLink(vet2->linked, vet1);
removeLink(vet1->list, vet2);
removeLink(vet2->list, vet1);
}
/* 添加顶点 */
void addVertex(graphAdjList *t, int val) {
void addVertex(GraphAdjList *graph, int val) {
// 若大小超过容量，则扩容
if (t->size >= t->capacity) {
Vertex **tempList = (Vertex **)malloc(sizeof(Vertex *) * 2 * t->capacity);
memcpy(tempList, t->verticesList, sizeof(Vertex *) * t->size);
free(t->verticesList); // 释放原邻接表内存
t->verticesList = tempList; // 指向新邻接表
t->capacity = t->capacity * 2; // 容量扩大至2倍
if (graph->size >= graph->capacity) {
Vertex **tempList = (Vertex **)malloc(sizeof(Vertex *) * 2 * graph->capacity);
memcpy(tempList, graph->vertices, sizeof(Vertex *) * graph->size);
free(graph->vertices); // 释放原邻接表内存
graph->vertices = tempList; // 指向新邻接表
graph->capacity = graph->capacity * 2; // 容量扩大至2倍
}
// 申请新顶点内存并将新顶点地址存入顶点列表
Vertex *newV = newVertex(val); // 建立新顶点
newV->pos = t->size; // 为新顶点标记下标
newV->linked = newLinklist(newV); // 为新顶点建立链表
t->verticesList[t->size] = newV; // 将新顶点加入邻接表
t->size++;
Vertex *newV = newVertex(val); // 建立新顶点
newV->pos = graph->size; // 为新顶点标记下标
newV->list = newLinklist(newV); // 为新顶点建立链表
graph->vertices[graph->size] = newV; // 将新顶点加入邻接表
graph->size++;
}
/* 删除顶点 */
void removeVertex(graphAdjList *t, unsigned int index) {
void removeVertex(GraphAdjList *graph, unsigned int index) {
// 越界检查
if (index < 0 || index >= t->size) {
if (index < 0 || index >= graph->size) {
printf("Out of range in %s:%d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
exit(1);
}
Vertex *vet = t->verticesList[index]; // 查找待删节点
Vertex *vet = graph->vertices[index]; // 查找待删节点
if (vet == 0) { // 若不存在该节点，则返回
printf("index is:%d\n", index);
printf("Out of range in %s:%d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
return;
}
// 遍历待删除顶点的链表，将所有与待删除结点有关的边删除
Node *temp = vet->linked->head->next;
Node *temp = vet->list->head->next;
while (temp != 0) {
removeLink(temp->val->linked, vet); // 删除与该顶点有关的边
removeLink(temp->val->list, vet); // 删除与该顶点有关的边
temp = temp->next;
}
// 将顶点前移
for (int i = index; i < t->size - 1; i++) {
t->verticesList[i] = t->verticesList[i + 1]; // 顶点前移
t->verticesList[i]->pos--; // 所有前移的顶点索引值减1
for (int i = index; i < graph->size - 1; i++) {
graph->vertices[i] = graph->vertices[i + 1]; // 顶点前移
graph->vertices[i]->pos--; // 所有前移的顶点索引值减1
}
t->verticesList[t->size - 1] = 0; // 将被删除顶点的位置置 0
t->size--;
graph->vertices[graph->size - 1] = 0; // 将被删除顶点的位置置 0
graph->size--;
// 释放内存
freeVertex(vet);
}
/* 打印顶点与邻接矩阵 */
void printGraph(graphAdjList *t) {
void printGraph(GraphAdjList *graph) {
printf("邻接表 =\n");
for (int i = 0; i < t->size; i++) {
Node *n = t->verticesList[i]->linked->head->next;
printf("%d: [", t->verticesList[i]->val);
for (int i = 0; i < graph->size; i++) {
Node *n = graph->vertices[i]->list->head->next;
printf("%d: [", graph->vertices[i]->val);
while (n != 0) {
if (n->next != 0) {
printf("%d, ", n->val->val);
@ -2091,14 +2070,14 @@ comments: true
}
/* 构造函数 */
graphAdjList *newGraphAdjList(unsigned int verticesCapacity) {
GraphAdjList *newGraphAdjList(unsigned int verticesCapacity) {
// 申请内存
graphAdjList *newGraph = (graphAdjList *)malloc(sizeof(graphAdjList));
GraphAdjList *newGraph = (GraphAdjList *)malloc(sizeof(GraphAdjList));
// 建立顶点表并分配内存
newGraph->verticesList = (Vertex **)malloc(sizeof(Vertex *) * verticesCapacity); // 为顶点列表分配内存
memset(newGraph->verticesList, 0, sizeof(Vertex *) * verticesCapacity); // 顶点列表置 0
newGraph->size = 0; // 初始化顶点数量
newGraph->capacity = verticesCapacity; // 初始化顶点容量
newGraph->vertices = (Vertex **)malloc(sizeof(Vertex *) * verticesCapacity); // 为顶点列表分配内存
memset(newGraph->vertices, 0, sizeof(Vertex *) * verticesCapacity); // 顶点列表置 0
newGraph->size = 0; // 初始化顶点数量
newGraph->capacity = verticesCapacity; // 初始化顶点容量
// 返回图指针
return newGraph;
}

16
docs/chapter_graph/graph_traversal.md
View file

@ -344,21 +344,21 @@ BFS 通常借助队列来实现。队列具有“先入先出”的性质，这
```c title="graph_bfs.c"
/* 广度优先遍历 */
// 使用邻接表来表示图，以便获取指定顶点的所有邻接顶点
Vertex **graphBFS(graphAdjList *t, Vertex *startVet) {
Vertex **graphBFS(GraphAdjList *t, Vertex *startVet) {
// 顶点遍历序列
Vertex **res = (Vertex **)malloc(sizeof(Vertex *) * t->size);
memset(res, 0, sizeof(Vertex *) * t->size);
// 队列用于实现 BFS
queue *que = newQueue(t->size);
Queue *que = newQueue(t->size);
// 哈希表，用于记录已被访问过的顶点
hashTable *visited = newHash(t->size);
HashTable *visited = newHash(t->size);
int resIndex = 0;
queuePush(que, startVet); // 将第一个元素入队
hashMark(visited, startVet->pos); // 标记第一个入队的顶点
// 以顶点 vet 为起点，循环直至访问完所有顶点
while (que->head < que->tail) {
// 遍历该顶点的边链表，将所有与该顶点有连接的，并且未被标记的顶点入队
Node *n = queueTop(que)->linked->head->next;
Node *n = queueTop(que)->list->head->next;
while (n != 0) {
// 查询哈希表，若该索引的顶点已入队，则跳过，否则入队并标记
if (hashQuery(visited, n->val->pos) == 1) {
@ -751,7 +751,7 @@ BFS 通常借助队列来实现。队列具有“先入先出”的性质，这
```c title="graph_dfs.c"
/* 深度优先遍历 DFS 辅助函数 */
int resIndex = 0;
void dfs(graphAdjList *graph, hashTable *visited, Vertex *vet, Vertex **res) {
void dfs(GraphAdjList *graph, HashTable *visited, Vertex *vet, Vertex **res) {
if (hashQuery(visited, vet->pos) == 1) {
return; // 跳过已被访问过的顶点
}
@ -759,7 +759,7 @@ BFS 通常借助队列来实现。队列具有“先入先出”的性质，这
res[resIndex] = vet; // 将顶点存入数组
resIndex++;
// 遍历该顶点链表
Node *n = vet->linked->head->next;
Node *n = vet->list->head->next;
while (n != 0) {
// 递归访问邻接顶点
dfs(graph, visited, n->val, res);
@ -770,12 +770,12 @@ BFS 通常借助队列来实现。队列具有“先入先出”的性质，这
/* 深度优先遍历 DFS */
// 使用邻接表来表示图，以便获取指定顶点的所有邻接顶点
Vertex **graphDFS(graphAdjList *graph, Vertex *startVet) {
Vertex **graphDFS(GraphAdjList *graph, Vertex *startVet) {
// 顶点遍历序列
Vertex **res = (Vertex **)malloc(sizeof(Vertex *) * graph->size);
memset(res, 0, sizeof(Vertex *) * graph->size);
// 哈希表，用于记录已被访问过的顶点
hashTable *visited = newHash(graph->size);
HashTable *visited = newHash(graph->size);
dfs(graph, visited, startVet, res);
// 释放哈希表内存并将数组索引归零
freeHash(visited);

6
docs/chapter_greedy/fractional_knapsack_problem.md
View file

@ -428,12 +428,10 @@ comments: true
```c title="fractional_knapsack.c"
/* 物品 */
struct Item {
typedef struct {
int w; // 物品重量
int v; // 物品价值
};
typedef struct Item Item;
} Item;
/* 分数背包：贪心 */
float fractionalKnapsack(int wgt[], int val[], int itemCount, int cap) {

2
docs/chapter_greedy/greedy_algorithm.md
View file

@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ comments: true
```c title="coin_change_greedy.c"
/* 零钱兑换：贪心 */
int coinChangeGreedy(int* coins, int size, int amt) {
int coinChangeGreedy(int *coins, int size, int amt) {
// 假设 coins 列表有序
int i = size - 1;
int count = 0;

64
docs/chapter_hashing/hash_collision.md
View file

@ -1150,27 +1150,23 @@ comments: true
```c title="hash_map_chaining.c"
/* 链表节点 */
struct node {
typedef struct Node {
Pair *pair;
struct node *next;
};
typedef struct node Node;
struct Node *next;
} Node;
/* 链式地址哈希表 */
struct hashMapChaining {
typedef struct {
int size; // 键值对数量
int capacity; // 哈希表容量
double loadThres; // 触发扩容的负载因子阈值
int extendRatio; // 扩容倍数
Node **buckets; // 桶数组
};
typedef struct hashMapChaining hashMapChaining;
} HashMapChaining;
/* 构造方法 */
hashMapChaining *initHashMapChaining() {
hashMapChaining *hashMap = (hashMapChaining *)malloc(sizeof(hashMapChaining));
HashMapChaining *initHashMapChaining() {
HashMapChaining *hashMap = (HashMapChaining *)malloc(sizeof(HashMapChaining));
hashMap->size = 0;
hashMap->capacity = 4;
hashMap->loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0;
@ -1183,7 +1179,7 @@ comments: true
}
/* 析构方法 */
void freeHashMapChaining(hashMapChaining *hashMap) {
void freeHashMapChaining(HashMapChaining *hashMap) {
for (int i = 0; i < hashMap->capacity; i++) {
Node *cur = hashMap->buckets[i];
while (cur) {
@ -1198,17 +1194,17 @@ comments: true
}
/* 哈希函数 */
int hashFunc(hashMapChaining *hashMap, int key) {
int hashFunc(HashMapChaining *hashMap, int key) {
return key % hashMap->capacity;
}
/* 负载因子 */
double loadFactor(hashMapChaining *hashMap) {
double loadFactor(HashMapChaining *hashMap) {
return (double)hashMap->size / (double)hashMap->capacity;
}
/* 查询操作 */
char *get(hashMapChaining *hashMap, int key) {
char *get(HashMapChaining *hashMap, int key) {
int index = hashFunc(hashMap, key);
// 遍历桶，若找到 key 则返回对应 val
Node *cur = hashMap->buckets[index];
@ -1222,7 +1218,7 @@ comments: true
}
/* 添加操作 */
void put(hashMapChaining *hashMap, int key, const char *val) {
void put(HashMapChaining *hashMap, int key, const char *val) {
// 当负载因子超过阈值时，执行扩容
if (loadFactor(hashMap) > hashMap->loadThres) {
extend(hashMap);
@ -1249,7 +1245,7 @@ comments: true
}
/* 扩容哈希表 */
void extend(hashMapChaining *hashMap) {
void extend(HashMapChaining *hashMap) {
// 暂存原哈希表
int oldCapacity = hashMap->capacity;
Node **oldBuckets = hashMap->buckets;
@ -1277,7 +1273,7 @@ comments: true
}
/* 删除操作 */
void removeKey(hashMapChaining *hashMap, int key) {
void removeKey(HashMapChaining *hashMap, int key) {
int index = hashFunc(hashMap, key);
Node *cur = hashMap->buckets[index];
Node *pre = NULL;
@ -1301,7 +1297,7 @@ comments: true
}
/* 打印哈希表 */
void print(hashMapChaining *hashMap) {
void print(HashMapChaining *hashMap) {
for (int i = 0; i < hashMap->capacity; i++) {
Node *cur = hashMap->buckets[i];
printf("[");
@ -2647,20 +2643,18 @@ comments: true
```c title="hash_map_open_addressing.c"
/* 开放寻址哈希表 */
struct hashMapOpenAddressing {
typedef struct {
int size; // 键值对数量
int capacity; // 哈希表容量
double loadThres; // 触发扩容的负载因子阈值
int extendRatio; // 扩容倍数
Pair **buckets; // 桶数组
Pair *TOMBSTONE; // 删除标记
};
typedef struct hashMapOpenAddressing hashMapOpenAddressing;
} HashMapOpenAddressing;
/* 构造方法 */
hashMapOpenAddressing *newHashMapOpenAddressing() {
hashMapOpenAddressing *hashMap = (hashMapOpenAddressing *)malloc(sizeof(hashMapOpenAddressing));
HashMapOpenAddressing *newHashMapOpenAddressing() {
HashMapOpenAddressing *hashMap = (HashMapOpenAddressing *)malloc(sizeof(HashMapOpenAddressing));
hashMap->size = 0;
hashMap->capacity = 4;
hashMap->loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0;
@ -2674,7 +2668,7 @@ comments: true
}
/* 析构方法 */
void delHashMapOpenAddressing(hashMapOpenAddressing *hashMap) {
void delHashMapOpenAddressing(HashMapOpenAddressing *hashMap) {
for (int i = 0; i < hashMap->capacity; i++) {
Pair *pair = hashMap->buckets[i];
if (pair != NULL && pair != hashMap->TOMBSTONE) {
@ -2685,17 +2679,17 @@ comments: true
}
/* 哈希函数 */
int hashFunc(hashMapOpenAddressing *hashMap, int key) {
int hashFunc(HashMapOpenAddressing *hashMap, int key) {
return key % hashMap->capacity;
}
/* 负载因子 */
double loadFactor(hashMapOpenAddressing *hashMap) {
double loadFactor(HashMapOpenAddressing *hashMap) {
return (double)hashMap->size / (double)hashMap->capacity;
}
/* 搜索 key 对应的桶索引 */
int findBucket(hashMapOpenAddressing *hashMap, int key) {
int findBucket(HashMapOpenAddressing *hashMap, int key) {
int index = hashFunc(hashMap, key);
int firstTombstone = -1;
// 线性探测，当遇到空桶时跳出
@ -2722,7 +2716,7 @@ comments: true
}
/* 查询操作 */
char *get(hashMapOpenAddressing *hashMap, int key) {
char *get(HashMapOpenAddressing *hashMap, int key) {
// 搜索 key 对应的桶索引
int index = findBucket(hashMap, key);
// 若找到键值对，则返回对应 val
@ -2734,7 +2728,7 @@ comments: true
}
/* 添加操作 */
void put(hashMapOpenAddressing *hashMap, int key, char *val) {
void put(HashMapOpenAddressing *hashMap, int key, char *val) {
// 当负载因子超过阈值时，执行扩容
if (loadFactor(hashMap) > hashMap->loadThres) {
extend(hashMap);
@ -2761,7 +2755,7 @@ comments: true
}
/* 删除操作 */
void removeItem(hashMapOpenAddressing *hashMap, int key) {
void removeItem(HashMapOpenAddressing *hashMap, int key) {
// 搜索 key 对应的桶索引
int index = findBucket(hashMap, key);
// 若找到键值对，则用删除标记覆盖它
@ -2775,7 +2769,7 @@ comments: true
}
/* 扩容哈希表 */
void extend(hashMapOpenAddressing *hashMap) {
void extend(HashMapOpenAddressing *hashMap) {
// 暂存原哈希表
Pair **bucketsTmp = hashMap->buckets;
int oldCapacity = hashMap->capacity;
@ -2796,7 +2790,7 @@ comments: true
}
/* 打印哈希表 */
void print(hashMapOpenAddressing *hashMap) {
void print(HashMapOpenAddressing *hashMap) {
for (int i = 0; i < hashMap->capacity; i++) {
Pair *pair = hashMap->buckets[i];
if (pair == NULL) {
@ -2820,7 +2814,7 @@ comments: true
平方探测与线性探测类似，都是开放寻址的常见策略之一。当发生冲突时，平方探测不是简单地跳过一个固定的步数，而是跳过“探测次数的平方”的步数，即 $1, 4, 9, \dots$ 步。
平方探测通主要具有以下优势。
平方探测主要具有以下优势。
- 平方探测通过跳过平方的距离，试图缓解线性探测的聚集效应。
- 平方探测会跳过更大的距离来寻找空位置，有助于数据分布得更加均匀。

48
docs/chapter_hashing/hash_map.md
View file

@ -1405,39 +1405,35 @@ index = hash(key) % capacity
```c title="array_hash_map.c"
/* 键值对 int->string */
struct pair {
typedef struct {
int key;
char *val;
};
typedef struct pair pair;
} Pair;
/* 基于数组简易实现的哈希表 */
struct arrayHashMap {
pair *buckets[HASH_MAP_DEFAULT_SIZE];
};
typedef struct arrayHashMap arrayHashMap;
typedef struct {
Pair *buckets[HASH_MAP_DEFAULT_SIZE];
} ArrayHashMap;
/* 哈希表初始化函数 */
arrayHashMap *newArrayHashMap() {
arrayHashMap *map = malloc(sizeof(arrayHashMap));
ArrayHashMap *newArrayHashMap() {
ArrayHashMap *map = malloc(sizeof(ArrayHashMap));
return map;
}
/* 添加操作 */
void put(arrayHashMap *d, const int key, const char *val) {
pair *pair = malloc(sizeof(pair));
pair->key = key;
pair->val = malloc(strlen(val) + 1);
strcpy(pair->val, val);
void put(ArrayHashMap *d, const int key, const char *val) {
Pair *Pair = malloc(sizeof(Pair));
Pair->key = key;
Pair->val = malloc(strlen(val) + 1);
strcpy(Pair->val, val);
int index = hashFunc(key);
d->buckets[index] = pair;
d->buckets[index] = Pair;
}
/* 删除操作 */
void removeItem(arrayHashMap *d, const int key) {
void removeItem(ArrayHashMap *d, const int key) {
int index = hashFunc(key);
free(d->buckets[index]->val);
free(d->buckets[index]);
@ -1445,8 +1441,8 @@ index = hash(key) % capacity
}
/* 获取所有键值对 */
void pairSet(arrayHashMap *d, mapSet *set) {
pair *entries;
void pairSet(ArrayHashMap *d, MapSet *set) {
Pair *entries;
int i = 0, index = 0;
int total = 0;
@ -1457,7 +1453,7 @@ index = hash(key) % capacity
}
}
entries = malloc(sizeof(pair) * total);
entries = malloc(sizeof(Pair) * total);
for (i = 0; i < HASH_MAP_DEFAULT_SIZE; i++) {
if (d->buckets[i] != NULL) {
entries[index].key = d->buckets[i]->key;
@ -1472,7 +1468,7 @@ index = hash(key) % capacity
}
/* 获取所有键 */
void keySet(arrayHashMap *d, mapSet *set) {
void keySet(ArrayHashMap *d, MapSet *set) {
int *keys;
int i = 0, index = 0;
int total = 0;
@ -1497,7 +1493,7 @@ index = hash(key) % capacity
}
/* 获取所有值 */
void valueSet(arrayHashMap *d, mapSet *set) {
void valueSet(ArrayHashMap *d, MapSet *set) {
char **vals;
int i = 0, index = 0;
int total = 0;
@ -1522,11 +1518,11 @@ index = hash(key) % capacity
}
/* 打印哈希表 */
void print(arrayHashMap *d) {
void print(ArrayHashMap *d) {
int i;
mapSet set;
MapSet set;
pairSet(d, &set);
pair *entries = (pair *)set.set;
Pair *entries = (Pair *)set.set;
for (i = 0; i < set.len; i++) {
printf("%d -> %s\n", entries[i].key, entries[i].val);
}

4
docs/chapter_heap/build_heap.md
View file

@ -172,9 +172,9 @@ comments: true
```c title="my_heap.c"
/* 构造函数，根据切片建堆 */
maxHeap *newMaxHeap(int nums[], int size) {
MaxHeap *newMaxHeap(int nums[], int size) {
// 所有元素入堆
maxHeap *h = (maxHeap *)malloc(sizeof(maxHeap));
MaxHeap *h = (MaxHeap *)malloc(sizeof(MaxHeap));
h->size = size;
memcpy(h->data, nums, size * sizeof(int));
for (int i = parent(h, size - 1); i >= 0; i--) {

16
docs/chapter_heap/heap.md
View file

@ -565,17 +565,17 @@ comments: true
```c title="my_heap.c"
/* 获取左子节点索引 */
int left(maxHeap *h, int i) {
int left(MaxHeap *h, int i) {
return 2 * i + 1;
}
/* 获取右子节点索引 */
int right(maxHeap *h, int i) {
int right(MaxHeap *h, int i) {
return 2 * i + 2;
}
/* 获取父节点索引 */
int parent(maxHeap *h, int i) {
int parent(MaxHeap *h, int i) {
return (i - 1) / 2;
}
```
@ -697,7 +697,7 @@ comments: true
```c title="my_heap.c"
/* 访问堆顶元素 */
int peek(maxHeap *h) {
int peek(MaxHeap *h) {
return h->data[0];
}
```
@ -1026,7 +1026,7 @@ comments: true
```c title="my_heap.c"
/* 元素入堆 */
void push(maxHeap *h, int val) {
void push(MaxHeap *h, int val) {
// 默认情况下，不应该添加这么多节点
if (h->size == MAX_SIZE) {
printf("heap is full!");
@ -1041,7 +1041,7 @@ comments: true
}
/* 从节点 i 开始，从底至顶堆化 */
void siftUp(maxHeap *h, int i) {
void siftUp(MaxHeap *h, int i) {
while (true) {
// 获取节点 i 的父节点
int p = parent(h, i);
@ -1519,7 +1519,7 @@ comments: true
```c title="my_heap.c"
/* 元素出堆 */
int pop(maxHeap *h) {
int pop(MaxHeap *h) {
// 判空处理
if (isEmpty(h)) {
printf("heap is empty!");
@ -1538,7 +1538,7 @@ comments: true
}
/* 从节点 i 开始，从顶至底堆化 */
void siftDown(maxHeap *h, int i) {
void siftDown(MaxHeap *h, int i) {
while (true) {
// 判断节点 i, l, r 中值最大的节点，记为 max
int l = left(h, i);

20
docs/chapter_searching/replace_linear_by_hashing.md
View file

@ -437,26 +437,24 @@ comments: true
```c title="two_sum.c"
/* 哈希表 */
struct hashTable {
typedef struct {
int key;
int val;
UT_hash_handle hh; // 基于 uthash.h 实现
};
typedef struct hashTable hashTable;
} HashTable;
/* 哈希表查询 */
hashTable *find(hashTable *h, int key) {
hashTable *tmp;
HashTable *find(HashTable *h, int key) {
HashTable *tmp;
HASH_FIND_INT(h, &key, tmp);
return tmp;
}
/* 哈希表元素插入 */
void insert(hashTable *h, int key, int val) {
hashTable *t = find(h, key);
void insert(HashTable *h, int key, int val) {
HashTable *t = find(h, key);
if (t == NULL) {
hashTable *tmp = malloc(sizeof(hashTable));
HashTable *tmp = malloc(sizeof(HashTable));
tmp->key = key, tmp->val = val;
HASH_ADD_INT(h, key, tmp);
} else {
@ -466,9 +464,9 @@ comments: true
/* 方法二：辅助哈希表 */
int *twoSumHashTable(int *nums, int numsSize, int target, int *returnSize) {
hashTable *hashtable = NULL;
HashTable *hashtable = NULL;
for (int i = 0; i < numsSize; i++) {
hashTable *t = find(hashtable, target - nums[i]);
HashTable *t = find(hashtable, target - nums[i]);
if (t != NULL) {
int *res = malloc(sizeof(int) * 2);
res[0] = t->val, res[1] = i;

96
docs/chapter_stack_and_queue/deque.md
View file

@ -1685,17 +1685,15 @@ comments: true
```c title="linkedlist_deque.c"
/* 双向链表节点 */
struct doublyListNode {
typedef struct DoublyListNode {
int val; // 节点值
struct doublyListNode *next; // 后继节点
struct doublyListNode *prev; // 前驱节点
};
typedef struct doublyListNode doublyListNode;
struct DoublyListNode *next; // 后继节点
struct DoublyListNode *prev; // 前驱节点
} DoublyListNode;
/* 构造函数 */
doublyListNode *newDoublyListNode(int num) {
doublyListNode *new = (doublyListNode *)malloc(sizeof(doublyListNode));
DoublyListNode *newDoublyListNode(int num) {
DoublyListNode *new = (DoublyListNode *)malloc(sizeof(DoublyListNode));
new->val = num;
new->next = NULL;
new->prev = NULL;
@ -1703,21 +1701,19 @@ comments: true
}
/* 析构函数 */
void delDoublyListNode(doublyListNode *node) {
void delDoublyListNode(DoublyListNode *node) {
free(node);
}
/* 基于双向链表实现的双向队列 */
struct linkedListDeque {
doublyListNode *front, *rear; // 头节点 front ，尾节点 rear
typedef struct {
DoublyListNode *front, *rear; // 头节点 front ，尾节点 rear
int queSize; // 双向队列的长度
};
typedef struct linkedListDeque linkedListDeque;
} LinkedListDeque;
/* 构造函数 */
linkedListDeque *newLinkedListDeque() {
linkedListDeque *deque = (linkedListDeque *)malloc(sizeof(linkedListDeque));
LinkedListDeque *newLinkedListDeque() {
LinkedListDeque *deque = (LinkedListDeque *)malloc(sizeof(LinkedListDeque));
deque->front = NULL;
deque->rear = NULL;
deque->queSize = 0;
@ -1725,10 +1721,10 @@ comments: true
}
/* 析构函数 */
void delLinkedListdeque(linkedListDeque *deque) {
void delLinkedListdeque(LinkedListDeque *deque) {
// 释放所有节点
for (int i = 0; i < deque->queSize && deque->front != NULL; i++) {
doublyListNode *tmp = deque->front;
DoublyListNode *tmp = deque->front;
deque->front = deque->front->next;
free(tmp);
}
@ -1737,18 +1733,18 @@ comments: true
}
/* 获取队列的长度 */
int size(linkedListDeque *deque) {
int size(LinkedListDeque *deque) {
return deque->queSize;
}
/* 判断队列是否为空 */
bool empty(linkedListDeque *deque) {
bool empty(LinkedListDeque *deque) {
return (size(deque) == 0);
}
/* 入队 */
void push(linkedListDeque *deque, int num, bool isFront) {
doublyListNode *node = newDoublyListNode(num);
void push(LinkedListDeque *deque, int num, bool isFront) {
DoublyListNode *node = newDoublyListNode(num);
// 若链表为空，则令 front, rear 都指向node
if (empty(deque)) {
deque->front = deque->rear = node;
@ -1771,36 +1767,36 @@ comments: true
}
/* 队首入队 */
void pushFirst(linkedListDeque *deque, int num) {
void pushFirst(LinkedListDeque *deque, int num) {
push(deque, num, true);
}
/* 队尾入队 */
void pushLast(linkedListDeque *deque, int num) {
void pushLast(LinkedListDeque *deque, int num) {
push(deque, num, false);
}
/* 访问队首元素 */
int peekFirst(linkedListDeque *deque) {
int peekFirst(LinkedListDeque *deque) {
assert(size(deque) && deque->front);
return deque->front->val;
}
/* 访问队尾元素 */
int peekLast(linkedListDeque *deque) {
int peekLast(LinkedListDeque *deque) {
assert(size(deque) && deque->rear);
return deque->rear->val;
}
/* 出队 */
int pop(linkedListDeque *deque, bool isFront) {
int pop(LinkedListDeque *deque, bool isFront) {
if (empty(deque))
return -1;
int val;
// 队首出队操作
if (isFront) {
val = peekFirst(deque); // 暂存头节点值
doublyListNode *fNext = deque->front->next;
DoublyListNode *fNext = deque->front->next;
if (fNext) {
fNext->prev = NULL;
deque->front->next = NULL;
@ -1811,7 +1807,7 @@ comments: true
// 队尾出队操作
else {
val = peekLast(deque); // 暂存尾节点值
doublyListNode *rPrev = deque->rear->prev;
DoublyListNode *rPrev = deque->rear->prev;
if (rPrev) {
rPrev->next = NULL;
deque->rear->prev = NULL;
@ -1824,21 +1820,21 @@ comments: true
}
/* 队首出队 */
int popFirst(linkedListDeque *deque) {
int popFirst(LinkedListDeque *deque) {
return pop(deque, true);
}
/* 队尾出队 */
int popLast(linkedListDeque *deque) {
int popLast(LinkedListDeque *deque) {
return pop(deque, false);
}
/* 打印队列 */
void printLinkedListDeque(linkedListDeque *deque) {
void printLinkedListDeque(LinkedListDeque *deque) {
int arr[deque->queSize];
// 拷贝链表中的数据到数组
int i;
doublyListNode *node;
DoublyListNode *node;
for (i = 0, node = deque->front; i < deque->queSize; i++) {
arr[i] = node->val;
node = node->next;
@ -3119,18 +3115,16 @@ comments: true
```c title="array_deque.c"
/* 基于环形数组实现的双向队列 */
struct arrayDeque {
typedef struct {
int *nums; // 用于存储队列元素的数组
int front; // 队首指针，指向队首元素
int queSize; // 尾指针，指向队尾 + 1
int queCapacity; // 队列容量
};
typedef struct arrayDeque arrayDeque;
} ArrayDeque;
/* 构造函数 */
arrayDeque *newArrayDeque(int capacity) {
arrayDeque *deque = (arrayDeque *)malloc(sizeof(arrayDeque));
ArrayDeque *newArrayDeque(int capacity) {
ArrayDeque *deque = (ArrayDeque *)malloc(sizeof(ArrayDeque));
// 初始化数组
deque->queCapacity = capacity;
deque->nums = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * deque->queCapacity);
@ -3139,28 +3133,28 @@ comments: true
}
/* 析构函数 */
void delArrayDeque(arrayDeque *deque) {
void delArrayDeque(ArrayDeque *deque) {
free(deque->nums);
deque->queCapacity = 0;
}
/* 获取双向队列的容量 */
int capacity(arrayDeque *deque) {
int capacity(ArrayDeque *deque) {
return deque->queCapacity;
}
/* 获取双向队列的长度 */
int size(arrayDeque *deque) {
int size(ArrayDeque *deque) {
return deque->queSize;
}
/* 判断双向队列是否为空 */
bool empty(arrayDeque *deque) {
bool empty(ArrayDeque *deque) {
return deque->queSize == 0;
}
/* 计算环形数组索引 */
int dequeIndex(arrayDeque *deque, int i) {
int dequeIndex(ArrayDeque *deque, int i) {
// 通过取余操作实现数组首尾相连
// 当 i 越过数组尾部时，回到头部
// 当 i 越过数组头部后，回到尾部
@ -3168,7 +3162,7 @@ comments: true
}
/* 队首入队 */
void pushFirst(arrayDeque *deque, int num) {
void pushFirst(ArrayDeque *deque, int num) {
if (deque->queSize == capacity(deque)) {
printf("双向队列已满\r\n");
return;
@ -3182,7 +3176,7 @@ comments: true
}
/* 队尾入队 */
void pushLast(arrayDeque *deque, int num) {
void pushLast(ArrayDeque *deque, int num) {
if (deque->queSize == capacity(deque)) {
printf("双向队列已满\r\n");
return;
@ -3195,14 +3189,14 @@ comments: true
}
/* 访问队首元素 */
int peekFirst(arrayDeque *deque) {
int peekFirst(ArrayDeque *deque) {
// 访问异常：双向队列为空
assert(empty(deque) == 0);
return deque->nums[deque->front];
}
/* 访问队尾元素 */
int peekLast(arrayDeque *deque) {
int peekLast(ArrayDeque *deque) {
// 访问异常：双向队列为空
assert(empty(deque) == 0);
int last = dequeIndex(deque, deque->front + deque->queSize - 1);
@ -3210,7 +3204,7 @@ comments: true
}
/* 队首出队 */
int popFirst(arrayDeque *deque) {
int popFirst(ArrayDeque *deque) {
int num = peekFirst(deque);
// 队首指针向后移动一位
deque->front = dequeIndex(deque, deque->front + 1);
@ -3219,14 +3213,14 @@ comments: true
}
/* 队尾出队 */
int popLast(arrayDeque *deque) {
int popLast(ArrayDeque *deque) {
int num = peekLast(deque);
deque->queSize--;
return num;
}
/* 打印队列 */
void printArrayDeque(arrayDeque *deque) {
void printArrayDeque(ArrayDeque *deque) {
int arr[deque->queSize];
// 拷贝
for (int i = 0, j = deque->front; i < deque->queSize; i++, j++) {

50
docs/chapter_stack_and_queue/queue.md
View file

@ -1031,16 +1031,14 @@ comments: true
```c title="linkedlist_queue.c"
/* 基于链表实现的队列 */
struct linkedListQueue {
typedef struct {
ListNode *front, *rear;
int queSize;
};
typedef struct linkedListQueue linkedListQueue;
} LinkedListQueue;
/* 构造函数 */
linkedListQueue *newLinkedListQueue() {
linkedListQueue *queue = (linkedListQueue *)malloc(sizeof(linkedListQueue));
LinkedListQueue *newLinkedListQueue() {
LinkedListQueue *queue = (LinkedListQueue *)malloc(sizeof(LinkedListQueue));
queue->front = NULL;
queue->rear = NULL;
queue->queSize = 0;
@ -1048,7 +1046,7 @@ comments: true
}
/* 析构函数 */
void delLinkedListQueue(linkedListQueue *queue) {
void delLinkedListQueue(LinkedListQueue *queue) {
// 释放所有节点
for (int i = 0; i < queue->queSize && queue->front != NULL; i++) {
ListNode *tmp = queue->front;
@ -1060,17 +1058,17 @@ comments: true
}
/* 获取队列的长度 */
int size(linkedListQueue *queue) {
int size(LinkedListQueue *queue) {
return queue->queSize;
}
/* 判断队列是否为空 */
bool empty(linkedListQueue *queue) {
bool empty(LinkedListQueue *queue) {
return (size(queue) == 0);
}
/* 入队 */
void push(linkedListQueue *queue, int num) {
void push(LinkedListQueue *queue, int num) {
// 尾节点处添加 node
ListNode *node = newListNode(num);
// 如果队列为空，则令头、尾节点都指向该节点
@ -1087,13 +1085,13 @@ comments: true
}
/* 访问队首元素 */
int peek(linkedListQueue *queue) {
int peek(LinkedListQueue *queue) {
assert(size(queue) && queue->front);
return queue->front->val;
}
/* 出队 */
void pop(linkedListQueue *queue) {
void pop(LinkedListQueue *queue) {
int num = peek(queue);
ListNode *tmp = queue->front;
queue->front = queue->front->next;
@ -1102,7 +1100,7 @@ comments: true
}
/* 打印队列 */
void printLinkedListQueue(linkedListQueue *queue) {
void printLinkedListQueue(LinkedListQueue *queue) {
int arr[queue->queSize];
// 拷贝链表中的数据到数组
int i;
@ -1954,18 +1952,16 @@ comments: true
```c title="array_queue.c"
/* 基于环形数组实现的队列 */
struct arrayQueue {
typedef struct {
int *nums; // 用于存储队列元素的数组
int front; // 队首指针，指向队首元素
int queSize; // 尾指针，指向队尾 + 1
int queCapacity; // 队列容量
};
typedef struct arrayQueue arrayQueue;
} ArrayQueue;
/* 构造函数 */
arrayQueue *newArrayQueue(int capacity) {
arrayQueue *queue = (arrayQueue *)malloc(sizeof(arrayQueue));
ArrayQueue *newArrayQueue(int capacity) {
ArrayQueue *queue = (ArrayQueue *)malloc(sizeof(ArrayQueue));
// 初始化数组
queue->queCapacity = capacity;
queue->nums = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * queue->queCapacity);
@ -1974,34 +1970,34 @@ comments: true
}
/* 析构函数 */
void delArrayQueue(arrayQueue *queue) {
void delArrayQueue(ArrayQueue *queue) {
free(queue->nums);
queue->queCapacity = 0;
}
/* 获取队列的容量 */
int capacity(arrayQueue *queue) {
int capacity(ArrayQueue *queue) {
return queue->queCapacity;
}
/* 获取队列的长度 */
int size(arrayQueue *queue) {
int size(ArrayQueue *queue) {
return queue->queSize;
}
/* 判断队列是否为空 */
bool empty(arrayQueue *queue) {
bool empty(ArrayQueue *queue) {
return queue->queSize == 0;
}
/* 访问队首元素 */
int peek(arrayQueue *queue) {
int peek(ArrayQueue *queue) {
assert(size(queue) != 0);
return queue->nums[queue->front];
}
/* 入队 */
void push(arrayQueue *queue, int num) {
void push(ArrayQueue *queue, int num) {
if (size(queue) == capacity(queue)) {
printf("队列已满\r\n");
return;
@ -2015,7 +2011,7 @@ comments: true
}
/* 出队 */
void pop(arrayQueue *queue) {
void pop(ArrayQueue *queue) {
int num = peek(queue);
// 队首指针向后移动一位，若越过尾部则返回到数组头部
queue->front = (queue->front + 1) % queue->queCapacity;
@ -2023,7 +2019,7 @@ comments: true
}
/* 打印队列 */
void printArrayQueue(arrayQueue *queue) {
void printArrayQueue(ArrayQueue *queue) {
int arr[queue->queSize];
// 拷贝
for (int i = 0, j = queue->front; i < queue->queSize; i++, j++) {

42
docs/chapter_stack_and_queue/stack.md
View file

@ -937,23 +937,21 @@ comments: true
```c title="linkedlist_stack.c"
/* 基于链表实现的栈 */
struct linkedListStack {
typedef struct {
ListNode *top; // 将头节点作为栈顶
int size; // 栈的长度
};
typedef struct linkedListStack linkedListStack;
} LinkedListStack;
/* 构造函数 */
linkedListStack *newLinkedListStack() {
linkedListStack *s = malloc(sizeof(linkedListStack));
LinkedListStack *newLinkedListStack() {
LinkedListStack *s = malloc(sizeof(LinkedListStack));
s->top = NULL;
s->size = 0;
return s;
}
/* 析构函数 */
void delLinkedListStack(linkedListStack *s) {
void delLinkedListStack(LinkedListStack *s) {
while (s->top) {
ListNode *n = s->top->next;
free(s->top);
@ -963,26 +961,26 @@ comments: true
}
/* 获取栈的长度 */
int size(linkedListStack *s) {
int size(LinkedListStack *s) {
assert(s);
return s->size;
}
/* 判断栈是否为空 */
bool isEmpty(linkedListStack *s) {
bool isEmpty(LinkedListStack *s) {
assert(s);
return size(s) == 0;
}
/* 访问栈顶元素 */
int peek(linkedListStack *s) {
int peek(LinkedListStack *s) {
assert(s);
assert(size(s) != 0);
return s->top->val;
}
/* 入栈 */
void push(linkedListStack *s, int num) {
void push(LinkedListStack *s, int num) {
assert(s);
ListNode *node = (ListNode *)malloc(sizeof(ListNode));
node->next = s->top; // 更新新加节点指针域
@ -992,7 +990,7 @@ comments: true
}
/* 出栈 */
int pop(linkedListStack *s) {
int pop(LinkedListStack *s) {
if (s->size == 0) {
printf("stack is empty.\n");
return INT_MAX;
@ -1576,16 +1574,14 @@ comments: true
```c title="array_stack.c"
/* 基于数组实现的栈 */
struct arrayStack {
typedef struct {
int *data;
int size;
};
typedef struct arrayStack arrayStack;
} ArrayStack;
/* 构造函数 */
arrayStack *newArrayStack() {
arrayStack *s = malloc(sizeof(arrayStack));
ArrayStack *newArrayStack() {
ArrayStack *s = malloc(sizeof(ArrayStack));
// 初始化一个大容量，避免扩容
s->data = malloc(sizeof(int) * MAX_SIZE);
s->size = 0;
@ -1593,17 +1589,17 @@ comments: true
}
/* 获取栈的长度 */
int size(arrayStack *s) {
int size(ArrayStack *s) {
return s->size;
}
/* 判断栈是否为空 */
bool isEmpty(arrayStack *s) {
bool isEmpty(ArrayStack *s) {
return s->size == 0;
}
/* 入栈 */
void push(arrayStack *s, int num) {
void push(ArrayStack *s, int num) {
if (s->size == MAX_SIZE) {
printf("stack is full.\n");
return;
@ -1613,7 +1609,7 @@ comments: true
}
/* 访问栈顶元素 */
int peek(arrayStack *s) {
int peek(ArrayStack *s) {
if (s->size == 0) {
printf("stack is empty.\n");
return INT_MAX;
@ -1622,7 +1618,7 @@ comments: true
}
/* 出栈 */
int pop(arrayStack *s) {
int pop(ArrayStack *s) {
if (s->size == 0) {
printf("stack is empty.\n");
return INT_MAX;

24
docs/chapter_tree/array_representation_of_tree.md
View file

@ -1068,26 +1068,24 @@ comments: true
```c title="array_binary_tree.c"
/* 数组表示下的二叉树类 */
struct arrayBinaryTree {
typedef struct {
vector *tree;
};
typedef struct arrayBinaryTree arrayBinaryTree;
} ArrayBinaryTree;
/* 构造函数 */
arrayBinaryTree *newArrayBinaryTree(vector *arr) {
arrayBinaryTree *newABT = malloc(sizeof(arrayBinaryTree));
ArrayBinaryTree *newArrayBinaryTree(vector *arr) {
ArrayBinaryTree *newABT = malloc(sizeof(ArrayBinaryTree));
newABT->tree = arr;
return newABT;
}
/* 节点数量 */
int size(arrayBinaryTree *abt) {
int size(ArrayBinaryTree *abt) {
return abt->tree->size;
}
/* 获取索引为 i 节点的值 */
int val(arrayBinaryTree *abt, int i) {
int val(ArrayBinaryTree *abt, int i) {
// 若索引越界，则返回 INT_MAX ，代表空位
if (i < 0 || i >= size(abt))
return INT_MAX;
@ -1095,7 +1093,7 @@ comments: true
}
/* 深度优先遍历 */
void dfs(arrayBinaryTree *abt, int i, const char *order, vector *res) {
void dfs(ArrayBinaryTree *abt, int i, const char *order, vector *res) {
// 若为空位，则返回
if (val(abt, i) == INT_MAX)
return;
@ -1119,7 +1117,7 @@ comments: true
}
/* 层序遍历 */
vector *levelOrder(arrayBinaryTree *abt) {
vector *levelOrder(ArrayBinaryTree *abt) {
vector *res = newVector();
// 直接遍历数组
for (int i = 0; i < size(abt); i++) {
@ -1132,21 +1130,21 @@ comments: true
}
/* 前序遍历 */
vector *preOrder(arrayBinaryTree *abt) {
vector *preOrder(ArrayBinaryTree *abt) {
vector *res = newVector();
dfs(abt, 0, "pre", res);
return res;
}
/* 中序遍历 */
vector *inOrder(arrayBinaryTree *abt) {
vector *inOrder(ArrayBinaryTree *abt) {
vector *res = newVector();
dfs(abt, 0, "in", res);
return res;
}
/* 后序遍历 */
vector *postOrder(arrayBinaryTree *abt) {
vector *postOrder(ArrayBinaryTree *abt) {
vector *res = newVector();
dfs(abt, 0, "post", res);
return res;

10
docs/chapter_tree/avl_tree.md
View file

@ -189,14 +189,12 @@ AVL 树既是二叉搜索树也是平衡二叉树，同时满足这两类二叉
```c title=""
/* AVL 树节点结构体 */
struct TreeNode {
TreeNode struct TreeNode {
int val;
int height;
struct TreeNode *left;
struct TreeNode *right;
};
typedef struct TreeNode TreeNode;
} TreeNode;
/* 构造函数 */
TreeNode *newTreeNode(int val) {
@ -1836,7 +1834,7 @@ AVL 树的节点插入操作与二叉搜索树在主体上类似。唯一的区
```c title="avl_tree.c"
/* 插入节点 */
void insert(aVLTree *tree, int val) {
void insert(AVLTree *tree, int val) {
tree->root = insertHelper(tree->root, val);
}
@ -2361,7 +2359,7 @@ AVL 树的节点插入操作与二叉搜索树在主体上类似。唯一的区
```c title="avl_tree.c"
/* 删除节点 */
// 由于引入了 stdio.h ，此处无法使用 remove 关键词
void removeItem(aVLTree *tree, int val) {
void removeItem(AVLTree *tree, int val) {
TreeNode *root = removeHelper(tree->root, val);
}

6
docs/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.md
View file

@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ comments: true
```c title="binary_search_tree.c"
/* 查找节点 */
TreeNode *search(binarySearchTree *bst, int num) {
TreeNode *search(BinarySearchTree *bst, int num) {
TreeNode *cur = bst->root;
// 循环查找，越过叶节点后跳出
while (cur != NULL) {
@ -673,7 +673,7 @@ comments: true
```c title="binary_search_tree.c"
/* 插入节点 */
void insert(binarySearchTree *bst, int num) {
void insert(BinarySearchTree *bst, int num) {
// 若树为空，则初始化根节点
if (bst->root == NULL) {
bst->root = newTreeNode(num);
@ -1357,7 +1357,7 @@ comments: true
```c title="binary_search_tree.c"
/* 删除节点 */
// 由于引入了 stdio.h ，此处无法使用 remove 关键词
void removeItem(binarySearchTree *bst, int num) {
void removeItem(BinarySearchTree *bst, int num) {
// 若树为空，直接提前返回
if (bst->root == NULL)
return;

18
docs/chapter_tree/binary_tree.md
View file

@ -161,14 +161,12 @@ comments: true
```c title=""
/* 二叉树节点结构体 */
struct TreeNode {
typedef struct TreeNode {
int val; // 节点值
int height; // 节点高度
struct TreeNode *left; // 左子节点指针
struct TreeNode *right; // 右子节点指针
};
typedef struct TreeNode TreeNode;
} TreeNode;
/* 构造函数 */
TreeNode *newTreeNode(int val) {
@ -616,11 +614,11 @@ comments: true
<div class="center-table" markdown>
| | 完美二叉树 | 链表 |
| ----------------------------- | ---------- | ---------- |
| 第 $i$ 层的节点数量 | $2^{i-1}$ | $1$ |
| 高度 $h$ 树的叶节点数量 | $2^h$ | $1$ |
| 高度 $h$ 树的节点总数 | $2^{h+1} - 1$ | $h + 1$ |
| 节点总数 $n$ 树的高度 | $\log_2 (n+1) - 1$ | $n - 1$ |
| | 完美二叉树 | 链表 |
| ----------------------- | ------------------ | ------- |
| 第 $i$ 层的节点数量 | $2^{i-1}$ | $1$ |
| 高度 $h$ 树的叶节点数量 | $2^h$ | $1$ |
| 高度 $h$ 树的节点总数 | $2^{h+1} - 1$ | $h + 1$ |
| 节点总数 $n$ 树的高度 | $\log_2 (n+1) - 1$ | $n - 1$ |
</div>