[Rust] Normalize mid calculation in case overflow (#1363)

* Normalize mid calculate in case overflow

* Change ALL language

* Update merge_sort.py

* Update merge_sort.zig

* Update binary_search_tree.zig

* Update binary_search_recur.py

---------

Co-authored-by: Yudong Jin <krahets@163.com>

codes/c/chapter_sorting/merge_sort.c

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ void mergeSort(int *nums, int left, int right) {
     if (left >= right)
         return; // 当子数组长度为 1 时终止递归
     // 划分阶段
-    int mid = (left + right) / 2;    // 计算中点
+    int mid = left + (right - left) / 2;    // 计算中点
     mergeSort(nums, left, mid);      // 递归左子数组
     mergeSort(nums, mid + 1, right); // 递归右子数组
     // 合并阶段

codes/cpp/chapter_sorting/merge_sort.cpp

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ void mergeSort(vector<int> &nums, int left, int right) {
     if (left >= right)
         return; // 当子数组长度为 1 时终止递归
     // 划分阶段
-    int mid = (left + right) / 2;    // 计算中点
+    int mid = left + (right - left) / 2;    // 计算中点
     mergeSort(nums, left, mid);      // 递归左子数组
     mergeSort(nums, mid + 1, right); // 递归右子数组
     // 合并阶段

codes/csharp/chapter_sorting/merge_sort.cs

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ public class merge_sort {
         // 终止条件
         if (left >= right) return;       // 当子数组长度为 1 时终止递归
         // 划分阶段
-        int mid = (left + right) / 2;    // 计算中点
+        int mid = left + (right - left) / 2;    // 计算中点
         MergeSort(nums, left, mid);      // 递归左子数组
         MergeSort(nums, mid + 1, right); // 递归右子数组
         // 合并阶段

codes/dart/chapter_sorting/merge_sort.dart

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ void mergeSort(List<int> nums, int left, int right) {
   // 终止条件
   if (left >= right) return; // 当子数组长度为 1 时终止递归
   // 划分阶段
-  int mid = (left + right) ~/ 2; // 计算中点
+  int mid = left + (right - left) ~/ 2; // 计算中点
   mergeSort(nums, left, mid); // 递归左子数组
   mergeSort(nums, mid + 1, right); // 递归右子数组
   // 合并阶段

codes/go/chapter_sorting/merge_sort.go

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ func mergeSort(nums []int, left, right int) {
 		return
 	}
 	// 划分阶段
-	mid := (left + right) / 2
+	mid := left + (right - left) / 2
 	mergeSort(nums, left, mid)
 	mergeSort(nums, mid+1, right)
 	// 合并阶段

codes/java/chapter_sorting/merge_sort.java

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ public class merge_sort {
         if (left >= right)
             return; // 当子数组长度为 1 时终止递归
         // 划分阶段
-        int mid = (left + right) / 2; // 计算中点
+        int mid = left + (right - left) / 2; // 计算中点
         mergeSort(nums, left, mid); // 递归左子数组
         mergeSort(nums, mid + 1, right); // 递归右子数组
         // 合并阶段

codes/javascript/chapter_sorting/merge_sort.js

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ function mergeSort(nums, left, right) {
     // 终止条件
     if (left >= right) return; // 当子数组长度为 1 时终止递归
     // 划分阶段
-    let mid = Math.floor((left + right) / 2); // 计算中点
+    let mid = Math.floor(left + (right - left) / 2); // 计算中点
     mergeSort(nums, left, mid); // 递归左子数组
     mergeSort(nums, mid + 1, right); // 递归右子数组
     // 合并阶段

codes/kotlin/chapter_sorting/merge_sort.kt

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ fun mergeSort(nums: IntArray, left: Int, right: Int) {
     // 终止条件
     if (left >= right) return  // 当子数组长度为 1 时终止递归
     // 划分阶段
-    val mid = (left + right) / 2 // 计算中点
+    val mid = left + (right - left) / 2 // 计算中点
     mergeSort(nums, left, mid) // 递归左子数组
     mergeSort(nums, mid + 1, right) // 递归右子数组
     // 合并阶段

codes/python/chapter_sorting/merge_sort.py

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ def merge_sort(nums: list[int], left: int, right: int):
     if left >= right:
         return  # 当子数组长度为 1 时终止递归
     # 划分阶段
-    mid = (left + right) // 2  # 计算中点
+    mid = (left + right) // 2 # 计算中点
     merge_sort(nums, left, mid)  # 递归左子数组
     merge_sort(nums, mid + 1, right)  # 递归右子数组
     # 合并阶段

codes/ruby/chapter_sorting/merge_sort.rb

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ def merge_sort(nums, left, right)
   # 当子数组长度为 1 时终止递归
   return if left >= right
   # 划分阶段
-  mid = (left + right) / 2 # 计算中点
+  mid = left + (right - left) / 2 # 计算中点
   merge_sort(nums, left, mid) # 递归左子数组
   merge_sort(nums, mid + 1, right) # 递归右子数组
   # 合并阶段

codes/rust/chapter_divide_and_conquer/binary_search_recur.rs

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ fn dfs(nums: &[i32], target: i32, i: i32, j: i32) -> i32 {
     if i > j {
         return -1;
     }
-    let m: i32 = (i + j) / 2;
+    let m: i32 = i + (j - i) / 2;
     if nums[m as usize] < target {
         // 递归子问题 f(m+1, j)
         return dfs(nums, target, m + 1, j);

codes/rust/chapter_sorting/merge_sort.rs

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ fn merge_sort(nums: &mut [i32], left: usize, right: usize) {
     }
 
     // 划分阶段
-    let mid = (left + right) / 2; // 计算中点
+    let mid = left + (right - left) / 2; // 计算中点
     merge_sort(nums, left, mid); // 递归左子数组
     merge_sort(nums, mid + 1, right); // 递归右子数组
 

codes/rust/chapter_sorting/radix_sort.rs

@@ -35,9 +35,7 @@ fn counting_sort_digit(nums: &mut [i32], exp: i32) {
         counter[d] -= 1; // 将 d 的数量减 1
     }
     // 使用结果覆盖原数组 nums
-    for i in 0..n {
-        nums[i] = res[i];
-    }
+    nums.copy_from_slice(&res);
 }
 
 /* 基数排序 */

codes/swift/chapter_sorting/merge_sort.swift

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ func mergeSort(nums: inout [Int], left: Int, right: Int) {
         return
     }
     // 划分阶段
-    let mid = (left + right) / 2 // 计算中点
+    let mid = left + (right - left) / 2 // 计算中点
     mergeSort(nums: &nums, left: left, right: mid) // 递归左子数组
     mergeSort(nums: &nums, left: mid + 1, right: right) // 递归右子数组
     // 合并阶段

codes/swift/chapter_sorting/quick_sort.swift

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ func medianThree(nums: [Int], left: Int, mid: Int, right: Int) -> Int {
 /* 哨兵划分（三数取中值） */
 func partitionMedian(nums: inout [Int], left: Int, right: Int) -> Int {
     // 选取三个候选元素的中位数
-    let med = medianThree(nums: nums, left: left, mid: (left + right) / 2, right: right)
+    let med = medianThree(nums: nums, left: left, mid: left + (right - left) / 2, right: right)
     // 将中位数交换至数组最左端
     nums.swapAt(left, med)
     return partition(nums: &nums, left: left, right: right)

codes/typescript/chapter_sorting/merge_sort.ts

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ function mergeSort(nums: number[], left: number, right: number): void {
     // 终止条件
     if (left >= right) return; // 当子数组长度为 1 时终止递归
     // 划分阶段
-    let mid = Math.floor((left + right) / 2); // 计算中点
+    let mid = Math.floor(left + (right - left) / 2); // 计算中点
     mergeSort(nums, left, mid); // 递归左子数组
     mergeSort(nums, mid + 1, right); // 递归右子数组
     // 合并阶段

codes/zig/chapter_sorting/merge_sort.zig

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ fn mergeSort(nums: []i32, left: usize, right: usize) !void {
     // 终止条件
     if (left >= right) return;              // 当子数组长度为 1 时终止递归
     // 划分阶段
-    var mid = (left + right) / 2;           // 计算中点
+    var mid = left + (right - left) / 2;    // 计算中点
     try mergeSort(nums, left, mid);         // 递归左子数组
     try mergeSort(nums, mid + 1, right);    // 递归右子数组
     // 合并阶段

codes/zig/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.zig

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ pub fn BinarySearchTree(comptime T: type) type {
         fn buildTree(self: *Self, nums: []T, i: usize, j: usize) !?*inc.TreeNode(T) {
             if (i > j) return null;
             // 将数组中间节点作为根节点
-            var mid = (i + j) / 2;
+            var mid = i + (j - i) / 2;
             var node = try self.mem_allocator.create(inc.TreeNode(T));
             node.init(nums[mid]);
             // 递归建立左子树和右子树

en/codes/cpp/chapter_divide_and_conquer/binary_search_recur.cpp

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ int dfs(vector<int> &nums, int target, int i, int j) {
         return -1;
     }
     // Calculate midpoint index m
-    int m = (i + j) / 2;
+    int m = i + (j - i) / 2;
     if (nums[m] < target) {
         // Recursive subproblem f(m+1, j)
         return dfs(nums, target, m + 1, j);

en/codes/cpp/chapter_sorting/merge_sort.cpp

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ void mergeSort(vector<int> &nums, int left, int right) {
     if (left >= right)
         return; // Terminate recursion when subarray length is 1
     // Partition stage
-    int mid = (left + right) / 2;    // Calculate midpoint
+    int mid = left + (right - left) / 2;    // Calculate midpoint
     mergeSort(nums, left, mid);      // Recursively process the left subarray
     mergeSort(nums, mid + 1, right); // Recursively process the right subarray
     // Merge stage

en/codes/java/chapter_divide_and_conquer/binary_search_recur.java

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ public class binary_search_recur {
             return -1;
         }
         // Calculate midpoint index m
-        int m = (i + j) / 2;
+        int m = i + (j - i) / 2;
         if (nums[m] < target) {
             // Recursive subproblem f(m+1, j)
             return dfs(nums, target, m + 1, j);

en/codes/java/chapter_sorting/merge_sort.java

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ public class merge_sort {
         if (left >= right)
             return; // Terminate recursion when subarray length is 1
         // Partition stage
-        int mid = (left + right) / 2; // Calculate midpoint
+        int mid = left + (right - left) / 2; // Calculate midpoint
         mergeSort(nums, left, mid); // Recursively process the left subarray
         mergeSort(nums, mid + 1, right); // Recursively process the right subarray
         // Merge stage

en/codes/python/chapter_searching/binary_search.py

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ def binary_search(nums: list[int], target: int) -> int:
     # Loop until the search interval is empty (when i > j, it is empty)
     while i <= j:
         # Theoretically, Python's numbers can be infinitely large (depending on memory size), so there is no need to consider large number overflow
-        m = (i + j) // 2  # Calculate midpoint index m
+        m = i + (j - i) // 2  # Calculate midpoint index m
         if nums[m] < target:
             i = m + 1  # This situation indicates that target is in the interval [m+1, j]
         elif nums[m] > target:
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ def binary_search_lcro(nums: list[int], target: int) -> int:
     i, j = 0, len(nums)
     # Loop until the search interval is empty (when i = j, it is empty)
     while i < j:
-        m = (i + j) // 2  # Calculate midpoint index m
+        m = i + (j - i) // 2  # Calculate midpoint index m
         if nums[m] < target:
             i = m + 1  # This situation indicates that target is in the interval [m+1, j)
         elif nums[m] > target:

en/codes/python/chapter_searching/binary_search_insertion.py

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ def binary_search_insertion_simple(nums: list[int], target: int) -> int:
     """Binary search for insertion point (no duplicate elements)"""
     i, j = 0, len(nums) - 1  # Initialize double closed interval [0, n-1]
     while i <= j:
-        m = (i + j) // 2  # Calculate midpoint index m
+        m = i + (j - i) // 2  # Calculate midpoint index m
         if nums[m] < target:
             i = m + 1  # Target is in interval [m+1, j]
         elif nums[m] > target:
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ def binary_search_insertion(nums: list[int], target: int) -> int:
     """Binary search for insertion point (with duplicate elements)"""
     i, j = 0, len(nums) - 1  # Initialize double closed interval [0, n-1]
     while i <= j:
-        m = (i + j) // 2  # Calculate midpoint index m
+        m = i + (j - i) // 2  # Calculate midpoint index m
         if nums[m] < target:
             i = m + 1  # Target is in interval [m+1, j]
         elif nums[m] > target:

en/codes/python/chapter_sorting/merge_sort.py

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ def merge_sort(nums: list[int], left: int, right: int):
     if left >= right:
         return  # Terminate recursion when subarray length is 1
     # Partition stage
-    mid = (left + right) // 2  # Calculate midpoint
+    mid = left + (right - left) // 2  # Calculate midpoint
     merge_sort(nums, left, mid)  # Recursively process the left subarray
     merge_sort(nums, mid + 1, right)  # Recursively process the right subarray
     # Merge stage

zh-hant/codes/c/chapter_sorting/merge_sort.c

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ void mergeSort(int *nums, int left, int right) {
     if (left >= right)
         return; // 當子陣列長度為 1 時終止遞迴
     // 劃分階段
-    int mid = (left + right) / 2;    // 計算中點
+    int mid = left + (right - left) / 2;    // 計算中點
     mergeSort(nums, left, mid);      // 遞迴左子陣列
     mergeSort(nums, mid + 1, right); // 遞迴右子陣列
     // 合併階段

zh-hant/codes/cpp/chapter_sorting/merge_sort.cpp

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ void mergeSort(vector<int> &nums, int left, int right) {
     if (left >= right)
         return; // 當子陣列長度為 1 時終止遞迴
     // 劃分階段
-    int mid = (left + right) / 2;    // 計算中點
+    int mid = left + (right - left) / 2;    // 計算中點
     mergeSort(nums, left, mid);      // 遞迴左子陣列
     mergeSort(nums, mid + 1, right); // 遞迴右子陣列
     // 合併階段

zh-hant/codes/csharp/chapter_sorting/merge_sort.cs

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ public class merge_sort {
         // 終止條件
         if (left >= right) return;       // 當子陣列長度為 1 時終止遞迴
         // 劃分階段
-        int mid = (left + right) / 2;    // 計算中點
+        int mid = left + (right - left) / 2;    // 計算中點
         MergeSort(nums, left, mid);      // 遞迴左子陣列
         MergeSort(nums, mid + 1, right); // 遞迴右子陣列
         // 合併階段

zh-hant/codes/dart/chapter_sorting/merge_sort.dart

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ void mergeSort(List<int> nums, int left, int right) {
   // 終止條件
   if (left >= right) return; // 當子陣列長度為 1 時終止遞迴
   // 劃分階段
-  int mid = (left + right) ~/ 2; // 計算中點
+  int mid = left + (right - left) ~/ 2; // 計算中點
   mergeSort(nums, left, mid); // 遞迴左子陣列
   mergeSort(nums, mid + 1, right); // 遞迴右子陣列
   // 合併階段

zh-hant/codes/go/chapter_sorting/merge_sort.go

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ func mergeSort(nums []int, left, right int) {
 		return
 	}
 	// 劃分階段
-	mid := (left + right) / 2
+	mid := left + (right - left) / 2
 	mergeSort(nums, left, mid)
 	mergeSort(nums, mid+1, right)
 	// 合併階段

zh-hant/codes/java/chapter_sorting/merge_sort.java

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ public class merge_sort {
         if (left >= right)
             return; // 當子陣列長度為 1 時終止遞迴
         // 劃分階段
-        int mid = (left + right) / 2; // 計算中點
+        int mid = left + (right - left) / 2; // 計算中點
         mergeSort(nums, left, mid); // 遞迴左子陣列
         mergeSort(nums, mid + 1, right); // 遞迴右子陣列
         // 合併階段

zh-hant/codes/javascript/chapter_sorting/merge_sort.js

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ function mergeSort(nums, left, right) {
     // 終止條件
     if (left >= right) return; // 當子陣列長度為 1 時終止遞迴
     // 劃分階段
-    let mid = Math.floor((left + right) / 2); // 計算中點
+    let mid = Math.floor(left + (right - left) / 2); // 計算中點
     mergeSort(nums, left, mid); // 遞迴左子陣列
     mergeSort(nums, mid + 1, right); // 遞迴右子陣列
     // 合併階段

zh-hant/codes/kotlin/chapter_sorting/merge_sort.kt

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ fun mergeSort(nums: IntArray, left: Int, right: Int) {
     // 終止條件
     if (left >= right) return  // 當子陣列長度為 1 時終止遞迴
     // 劃分階段
-    val mid = (left + right) / 2 // 計算中點
+    val mid = left + (right - left) / 2 // 計算中點
     mergeSort(nums, left, mid) // 遞迴左子陣列
     mergeSort(nums, mid + 1, right) // 遞迴右子陣列
     // 合併階段

zh-hant/codes/python/chapter_sorting/merge_sort.py

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ def merge_sort(nums: list[int], left: int, right: int):
     if left >= right:
         return  # 當子陣列長度為 1 時終止遞迴
     # 劃分階段
-    mid = (left + right) // 2  # 計算中點
+    mid = left + (right - left) // 2  # 計算中點
     merge_sort(nums, left, mid)  # 遞迴左子陣列
     merge_sort(nums, mid + 1, right)  # 遞迴右子陣列
     # 合併階段

zh-hant/codes/ruby/chapter_sorting/merge_sort.rb

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ def merge_sort(nums, left, right)
   # 當子陣列長度為 1 時終止遞迴
   return if left >= right
   # 劃分階段
-  mid = (left + right) / 2 # 計算中點
+  mid = left + (right - left) / 2 # 計算中點
   merge_sort(nums, left, mid) # 遞迴左子陣列
   merge_sort(nums, mid + 1, right) # 遞迴右子陣列
   # 合併階段

zh-hant/codes/rust/chapter_sorting/merge_sort.rs

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ fn merge_sort(nums: &mut [i32], left: usize, right: usize) {
     }
 
     // 劃分階段
-    let mid = (left + right) / 2; // 計算中點
+    let mid = left + (right - left) / 2; // 計算中點
     merge_sort(nums, left, mid); // 遞迴左子陣列
     merge_sort(nums, mid + 1, right); // 遞迴右子陣列
 

zh-hant/codes/swift/chapter_sorting/merge_sort.swift

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ func mergeSort(nums: inout [Int], left: Int, right: Int) {
         return
     }
     // 劃分階段
-    let mid = (left + right) / 2 // 計算中點
+    let mid = left + (right - left) / 2 // 計算中點
     mergeSort(nums: &nums, left: left, right: mid) // 遞迴左子陣列
     mergeSort(nums: &nums, left: mid + 1, right: right) // 遞迴右子陣列
     // 合併階段

zh-hant/codes/swift/chapter_sorting/quick_sort.swift

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ func medianThree(nums: [Int], left: Int, mid: Int, right: Int) -> Int {
 /* 哨兵劃分（三數取中值） */
 func partitionMedian(nums: inout [Int], left: Int, right: Int) -> Int {
     // 選取三個候選元素的中位數
-    let med = medianThree(nums: nums, left: left, mid: (left + right) / 2, right: right)
+    let med = medianThree(nums: nums, left: left, mid: left + (right - left) / 2, right: right)
     // 將中位數交換至陣列最左端
     nums.swapAt(left, med)
     return partition(nums: &nums, left: left, right: right)

zh-hant/codes/typescript/chapter_sorting/merge_sort.ts

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ function mergeSort(nums: number[], left: number, right: number): void {
     // 終止條件
     if (left >= right) return; // 當子陣列長度為 1 時終止遞迴
     // 劃分階段
-    let mid = Math.floor((left + right) / 2); // 計算中點
+    let mid = Math.floor(left + (right - left) / 2); // 計算中點
     mergeSort(nums, left, mid); // 遞迴左子陣列
     mergeSort(nums, mid + 1, right); // 遞迴右子陣列
     // 合併階段

zh-hant/codes/zig/chapter_sorting/merge_sort.zig

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ fn mergeSort(nums: []i32, left: usize, right: usize) !void {
     // 終止條件
     if (left >= right) return;              // 當子陣列長度為 1 時終止遞迴
     // 劃分階段
-    var mid = (left + right) / 2;           // 計算中點
+    var mid = left + (right - left) / 2;           // 計算中點
     try mergeSort(nums, left, mid);         // 遞迴左子陣列
     try mergeSort(nums, mid + 1, right);    // 遞迴右子陣列
     // 合併階段

zh-hant/codes/zig/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.zig

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ pub fn BinarySearchTree(comptime T: type) type {
         fn buildTree(self: *Self, nums: []T, i: usize, j: usize) !?*inc.TreeNode(T) {
             if (i > j) return null;
             // 將陣列中間節點作為根節點
-            var mid = (i + j) / 2;
+            var mid = i + (j - i) / 2;
             var node = try self.mem_allocator.create(inc.TreeNode(T));
             node.init(nums[mid]);
             // 遞迴建立左子樹和右子樹