2022-11-22 17:47:26 +08:00
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
|
comments: true
|
|
|
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
|
|
2023-02-16 03:39:01 +08:00
|
|
|
|
# 数组
|
2022-11-22 17:47:26 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
「数组 Array」是一种将 **相同类型元素** 存储在 **连续内存空间** 的数据结构,将元素在数组中的位置称为元素的「索引 Index」。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
![array_definition](array.assets/array_definition.png)
|
|
|
|
|
|
2022-11-23 15:50:59 +08:00
|
|
|
|
<p align="center"> Fig. 数组定义与存储方式 </p>
|
2022-11-22 17:47:26 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
!!! note
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
观察上图,我们发现 **数组首元素的索引为 $0$** 。你可能会想,这并不符合日常习惯,首个元素的索引为什么不是 $1$ 呢,这不是更加自然吗?我认同你的想法,但请先记住这个设定,后面讲内存地址计算时,我会尝试解答这个问题。
|
|
|
|
|
|
2023-02-15 03:34:06 +08:00
|
|
|
|
**数组初始化**。一般会用到无初始值、给定初始值两种写法,可根据需求选取。在不给定初始值的情况下,一般所有元素会被初始化为默认值 $0$ 。
|
2022-11-22 17:47:26 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "Java"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```java title="array.java"
|
|
|
|
|
/* 初始化数组 */
|
|
|
|
|
int[] arr = new int[5]; // { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }
|
|
|
|
|
int[] nums = { 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 };
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "C++"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```cpp title="array.cpp"
|
2022-11-27 19:07:35 +08:00
|
|
|
|
/* 初始化数组 */
|
2023-02-15 03:34:06 +08:00
|
|
|
|
// 存储在栈上
|
|
|
|
|
int arr[5];
|
|
|
|
|
int nums[5] { 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 };
|
|
|
|
|
// 存储在堆上
|
|
|
|
|
int* arr1 = new int[5];
|
|
|
|
|
int* nums1 = new int[5] { 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 };
|
2022-11-22 17:47:26 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "Python"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```python title="array.py"
|
2022-11-25 03:59:38 +08:00
|
|
|
|
""" 初始化数组 """
|
|
|
|
|
arr = [0] * 5 # [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ]
|
|
|
|
|
nums = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4]
|
2022-11-22 17:47:26 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2022-12-03 01:31:29 +08:00
|
|
|
|
=== "Go"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```go title="array.go"
|
2022-12-27 11:25:30 +08:00
|
|
|
|
/* 初始化数组 */
|
2023-01-06 03:28:27 +08:00
|
|
|
|
var arr [5]int
|
|
|
|
|
// 在 Go 中,指定长度时([5]int)为数组,不指定长度时([]int)为切片
|
|
|
|
|
// 由于 Go 的数组被设计为在编译期确定长度,因此只能使用常量来指定长度
|
|
|
|
|
// 为了方便实现扩容 extend() 方法,以下将切片(Slice)看作数组(Array)
|
2022-12-28 10:46:12 +08:00
|
|
|
|
nums := []int{1, 3, 2, 5, 4}
|
2022-12-03 01:31:29 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "JavaScript"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```javascript title="array.js"
|
|
|
|
|
/* 初始化数组 */
|
2022-12-12 21:39:48 +08:00
|
|
|
|
var arr = new Array(5).fill(0);
|
|
|
|
|
var nums = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4];
|
2022-12-03 01:31:29 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "TypeScript"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```typescript title="array.ts"
|
2022-12-04 18:00:44 +08:00
|
|
|
|
/* 初始化数组 */
|
2022-12-12 21:25:07 +08:00
|
|
|
|
let arr: number[] = new Array(5).fill(0);
|
|
|
|
|
let nums: number[] = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4];
|
2022-12-03 01:31:29 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "C"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```c title="array.c"
|
2023-02-11 00:43:04 +08:00
|
|
|
|
int arr[5] = { 0 }; // { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }
|
|
|
|
|
int nums[5] = { 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 };
|
2022-12-03 01:31:29 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "C#"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```csharp title="array.cs"
|
2022-12-14 15:11:25 +08:00
|
|
|
|
/* 初始化数组 */
|
2022-12-14 11:03:28 +08:00
|
|
|
|
int[] arr = new int[5]; // { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }
|
|
|
|
|
int[] nums = { 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 };
|
2022-12-03 01:31:29 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2023-01-05 21:16:05 +08:00
|
|
|
|
=== "Swift"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```swift title="array.swift"
|
2023-01-08 20:53:24 +08:00
|
|
|
|
/* 初始化数组 */
|
2023-01-05 21:16:05 +08:00
|
|
|
|
let arr = Array(repeating: 0, count: 5) // [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
|
|
|
|
|
let nums = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4]
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2023-02-01 22:03:04 +08:00
|
|
|
|
=== "Zig"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```zig title="array.zig"
|
2023-02-03 19:15:34 +08:00
|
|
|
|
// 初始化数组
|
|
|
|
|
var arr = [_]i32{0} ** 5; // { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }
|
|
|
|
|
var nums = [_]i32{ 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 };
|
2023-02-01 22:03:04 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2023-02-16 03:39:01 +08:00
|
|
|
|
## 数组优点
|
2022-11-22 17:47:26 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2023-01-07 20:34:32 +08:00
|
|
|
|
**在数组中访问元素非常高效**。这是因为在数组中,计算元素的内存地址非常容易。给定数组首个元素的地址、和一个元素的索引,利用以下公式可以直接计算得到该元素的内存地址,从而直接访问此元素。
|
2022-11-22 17:47:26 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
![array_memory_location_calculation](array.assets/array_memory_location_calculation.png)
|
|
|
|
|
|
2022-11-23 15:50:59 +08:00
|
|
|
|
<p align="center"> Fig. 数组元素的内存地址计算 </p>
|
2022-11-22 17:47:26 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2023-02-22 19:02:26 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
|
|
|
# 元素内存地址 = 数组内存地址 + 元素长度 * 元素索引
|
2022-11-22 17:47:26 +08:00
|
|
|
|
elementAddr = firtstElementAddr + elementLength * elementIndex
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**为什么数组元素索引从 0 开始编号?** 根据地址计算公式,**索引本质上表示的是内存地址偏移量**,首个元素的地址偏移量是 $0$ ,那么索引是 $0$ 也就很自然了。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
访问元素的高效性带来了许多便利。例如,我们可以在 $O(1)$ 时间内随机获取一个数组中的元素。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "Java"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```java title="array.java"
|
2023-02-07 04:43:52 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[class]{array}-[func]{randomAccess}
|
2022-11-22 17:47:26 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "C++"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```cpp title="array.cpp"
|
2023-02-08 04:17:26 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[class]{}-[func]{randomAccess}
|
2022-11-22 17:47:26 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "Python"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```python title="array.py"
|
2023-02-06 23:23:21 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[class]{}-[func]{random_access}
|
2022-11-22 17:47:26 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2022-12-03 01:31:29 +08:00
|
|
|
|
=== "Go"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```go title="array.go"
|
2023-02-09 04:45:06 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[class]{}-[func]{randomAccess}
|
2022-12-03 01:31:29 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "JavaScript"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```javascript title="array.js"
|
2023-02-08 19:45:06 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[class]{}-[func]{randomAccess}
|
2022-12-03 01:31:29 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "TypeScript"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```typescript title="array.ts"
|
2023-02-08 19:45:06 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[class]{}-[func]{randomAccess}
|
2022-12-03 01:31:29 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "C"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```c title="array.c"
|
2023-02-11 00:43:04 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[class]{}-[func]{randomAccess}
|
2022-12-03 01:31:29 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "C#"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```csharp title="array.cs"
|
2023-02-08 22:18:02 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[class]{array}-[func]{randomAccess}
|
2022-12-03 01:31:29 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2023-01-05 21:16:05 +08:00
|
|
|
|
=== "Swift"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```swift title="array.swift"
|
2023-02-08 20:30:05 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[class]{}-[func]{randomAccess}
|
2023-01-05 21:16:05 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2023-02-01 22:03:04 +08:00
|
|
|
|
=== "Zig"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```zig title="array.zig"
|
2023-02-09 22:57:25 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[class]{}-[func]{randomAccess}
|
2023-02-01 22:03:04 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2023-02-16 03:39:01 +08:00
|
|
|
|
## 数组缺点
|
2022-11-22 17:47:26 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2023-01-07 20:34:32 +08:00
|
|
|
|
**数组在初始化后长度不可变**。由于系统无法保证数组之后的内存空间是可用的,因此数组长度无法扩展。而若希望扩容数组,则需新建一个数组,然后把原数组元素依次拷贝到新数组,在数组很大的情况下,这是非常耗时的。
|
2022-11-22 17:47:26 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "Java"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```java title="array.java"
|
2023-02-07 04:43:52 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[class]{array}-[func]{extend}
|
2022-11-22 17:47:26 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "C++"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```cpp title="array.cpp"
|
2023-02-08 04:17:26 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[class]{}-[func]{extend}
|
2022-11-22 17:47:26 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "Python"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```python title="array.py"
|
2023-02-06 23:23:21 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[class]{}-[func]{extend}
|
2022-11-22 17:47:26 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2022-12-03 01:31:29 +08:00
|
|
|
|
=== "Go"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```go title="array.go"
|
2023-02-09 04:45:06 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[class]{}-[func]{extend}
|
2022-12-03 01:31:29 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "JavaScript"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```javascript title="array.js"
|
2023-02-08 19:45:06 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[class]{}-[func]{extend}
|
2022-12-03 01:31:29 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "TypeScript"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```typescript title="array.ts"
|
2023-02-08 19:45:06 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[class]{}-[func]{extend}
|
2022-12-03 01:31:29 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "C"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```c title="array.c"
|
2023-02-11 00:43:04 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[class]{}-[func]{extend}
|
2022-12-03 01:31:29 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "C#"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```csharp title="array.cs"
|
2023-02-08 22:18:02 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[class]{array}-[func]{extend}
|
2022-12-03 01:31:29 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2023-01-05 21:16:05 +08:00
|
|
|
|
=== "Swift"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```swift title="array.swift"
|
2023-02-08 20:30:05 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[class]{}-[func]{extend}
|
2023-01-05 21:16:05 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2023-02-01 22:03:04 +08:00
|
|
|
|
=== "Zig"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```zig title="array.zig"
|
2023-02-09 22:57:25 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[class]{}-[func]{extend}
|
2023-02-01 22:03:04 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2023-01-07 20:34:32 +08:00
|
|
|
|
**数组中插入或删除元素效率低下**。假设我们想要在数组中间某位置插入一个元素,由于数组元素在内存中是“紧挨着的”,它们之间没有空间再放任何数据。因此,我们不得不将此索引之后的所有元素都向后移动一位,然后再把元素赋值给该索引。删除元素也是类似,需要把此索引之后的元素都向前移动一位。总体看有以下缺点:
|
2022-11-22 17:47:26 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2023-01-09 22:39:30 +08:00
|
|
|
|
- **时间复杂度高**:数组的插入和删除的平均时间复杂度均为 $O(N)$ ,其中 $N$ 为数组长度。
|
|
|
|
|
- **丢失元素**:由于数组的长度不可变,因此在插入元素后,超出数组长度范围的元素会被丢失。
|
|
|
|
|
- **内存浪费**:我们一般会初始化一个比较长的数组,只用前面一部分,这样在插入数据时,丢失的末尾元素都是我们不关心的,但这样做同时也会造成内存空间的浪费。
|
2022-11-22 17:47:26 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
![array_insert_remove_element](array.assets/array_insert_remove_element.png)
|
|
|
|
|
|
2022-11-23 15:50:59 +08:00
|
|
|
|
<p align="center"> Fig. 在数组中插入与删除元素 </p>
|
2022-11-22 17:47:26 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "Java"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```java title="array.java"
|
2023-02-07 04:43:52 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[class]{array}-[func]{insert}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[class]{array}-[func]{remove}
|
2022-11-22 17:47:26 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "C++"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```cpp title="array.cpp"
|
2023-02-08 04:17:26 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[class]{}-[func]{insert}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[class]{}-[func]{remove}
|
2022-11-22 17:47:26 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "Python"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```python title="array.py"
|
2023-02-06 23:23:21 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[class]{}-[func]{insert}
|
2022-12-09 21:47:24 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2023-02-06 23:23:21 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[class]{}-[func]{remove}
|
2022-11-22 17:47:26 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2022-12-03 01:31:29 +08:00
|
|
|
|
=== "Go"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```go title="array.go"
|
2023-02-09 04:45:06 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[class]{}-[func]{insert}
|
2022-12-29 13:26:09 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2023-02-09 04:45:06 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[class]{}-[func]{remove}
|
2022-12-03 01:31:29 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "JavaScript"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```javascript title="array.js"
|
2023-02-08 19:45:06 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[class]{}-[func]{insert}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[class]{}-[func]{remove}
|
2022-12-03 01:31:29 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "TypeScript"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```typescript title="array.ts"
|
2023-02-08 19:45:06 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[class]{}-[func]{insert}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[class]{}-[func]{remove}
|
2022-12-03 01:31:29 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "C"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```c title="array.c"
|
2023-02-11 00:43:04 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[class]{}-[func]{insert}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[class]{}-[func]{removeItem}
|
2022-12-03 01:31:29 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "C#"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```csharp title="array.cs"
|
2023-02-08 22:18:02 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[class]{array}-[func]{insert}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[class]{array}-[func]{remove}
|
2022-12-03 01:31:29 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2023-01-05 21:16:05 +08:00
|
|
|
|
=== "Swift"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```swift title="array.swift"
|
2023-02-08 20:30:05 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[class]{}-[func]{insert}
|
2023-01-05 21:16:05 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2023-02-08 20:30:05 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[class]{}-[func]{remove}
|
2023-01-05 21:16:05 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2023-02-01 22:03:04 +08:00
|
|
|
|
=== "Zig"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```zig title="array.zig"
|
2023-02-09 22:57:25 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[class]{}-[func]{insert}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[class]{}-[func]{remove}
|
2023-02-01 22:03:04 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2023-02-16 03:39:01 +08:00
|
|
|
|
## 数组常用操作
|
2022-11-22 17:47:26 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2023-01-07 20:34:32 +08:00
|
|
|
|
**数组遍历**。以下介绍两种常用的遍历方法。
|
2022-11-22 17:47:26 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "Java"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```java title="array.java"
|
2023-02-07 04:43:52 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[class]{array}-[func]{traverse}
|
2022-11-22 17:47:26 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "C++"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```cpp title="array.cpp"
|
2023-02-08 04:17:26 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[class]{}-[func]{traverse}
|
2022-11-22 17:47:26 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "Python"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```python title="array.py"
|
2023-02-06 23:23:21 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[class]{}-[func]{traverse}
|
2022-11-22 17:47:26 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2022-12-03 01:31:29 +08:00
|
|
|
|
=== "Go"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```go title="array.go"
|
2023-02-09 04:45:06 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[class]{}-[func]{traverse}
|
2022-12-03 01:31:29 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "JavaScript"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```javascript title="array.js"
|
2023-02-08 19:45:06 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[class]{}-[func]{traverse}
|
2022-12-03 01:31:29 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "TypeScript"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```typescript title="array.ts"
|
2023-02-08 19:45:06 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[class]{}-[func]{traverse}
|
2022-12-03 01:31:29 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "C"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```c title="array.c"
|
2023-02-11 00:43:04 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[class]{}-[func]{traverse}
|
2022-12-03 01:31:29 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "C#"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```csharp title="array.cs"
|
2023-02-08 22:18:02 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[class]{array}-[func]{traverse}
|
2022-12-03 01:31:29 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2023-01-05 21:16:05 +08:00
|
|
|
|
=== "Swift"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```swift title="array.swift"
|
2023-02-08 20:30:05 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[class]{}-[func]{traverse}
|
2023-01-05 21:16:05 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2023-02-01 22:03:04 +08:00
|
|
|
|
=== "Zig"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```zig title="array.zig"
|
2023-02-09 22:57:25 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[class]{}-[func]{traverse}
|
2023-02-01 22:03:04 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2023-01-07 20:34:32 +08:00
|
|
|
|
**数组查找**。通过遍历数组,查找数组内的指定元素,并输出对应索引。
|
2022-11-22 17:47:26 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "Java"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```java title="array.java"
|
2023-02-07 04:43:52 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[class]{array}-[func]{find}
|
2022-11-22 17:47:26 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "C++"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```cpp title="array.cpp"
|
2023-02-08 04:17:26 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[class]{}-[func]{find}
|
2022-11-22 17:47:26 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "Python"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```python title="array.py"
|
2023-02-06 23:23:21 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[class]{}-[func]{find}
|
2022-11-22 17:47:26 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2022-12-03 01:31:29 +08:00
|
|
|
|
=== "Go"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```go title="array.go"
|
2023-02-09 04:45:06 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[class]{}-[func]{find}
|
2022-12-03 01:31:29 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "JavaScript"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```javascript title="array.js"
|
2023-02-08 19:45:06 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[class]{}-[func]{find}
|
2022-12-03 01:31:29 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "TypeScript"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```typescript title="array.ts"
|
2023-02-08 19:45:06 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[class]{}-[func]{find}
|
2022-12-03 01:31:29 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "C"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```c title="array.c"
|
2023-02-11 00:43:04 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[class]{}-[func]{find}
|
2022-12-03 01:31:29 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=== "C#"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```csharp title="array.cs"
|
2023-02-08 22:18:02 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[class]{array}-[func]{find}
|
2022-12-03 01:31:29 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2023-01-05 21:16:05 +08:00
|
|
|
|
=== "Swift"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```swift title="array.swift"
|
2023-02-08 20:30:05 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[class]{}-[func]{find}
|
2023-01-05 21:16:05 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2023-02-01 22:03:04 +08:00
|
|
|
|
=== "Zig"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```zig title="array.zig"
|
2023-02-09 22:57:25 +08:00
|
|
|
|
[class]{}-[func]{find}
|
2023-02-01 22:03:04 +08:00
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
2023-02-16 03:39:01 +08:00
|
|
|
|
## 数组典型应用
|
2022-11-22 17:47:26 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2023-01-07 20:34:32 +08:00
|
|
|
|
**随机访问**。如果我们想要随机抽取一些样本,那么可以用数组存储,并生成一个随机序列,根据索引实现样本的随机抽取。
|
2022-11-22 17:47:26 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2023-01-07 20:34:32 +08:00
|
|
|
|
**二分查找**。例如前文查字典的例子,我们可以将字典中的所有字按照拼音顺序存储在数组中,然后使用与日常查纸质字典相同的“翻开中间,排除一半”的方式,来实现一个查电子字典的算法。
|
2022-11-22 17:47:26 +08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2023-01-07 20:34:32 +08:00
|
|
|
|
**深度学习**。神经网络中大量使用了向量、矩阵、张量之间的线性代数运算,这些数据都是以数组的形式构建的。数组是神经网络编程中最常使用的数据结构。
|