hello-algo/docs/chapter_searching/linear_search.md

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# 线性查找
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「线性查找 Linear Search」是一种简单的查找方法其从数据结构的一端开始逐个访问每个元素直至另一端为止。
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## 算法实现
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例如,若我们想要在数组 `nums` 中查找目标元素 `target` 的对应索引,可以采用线性查找方法。
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![在数组中线性查找元素](linear_search.assets/linear_search.png)
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=== "Java"
```java title="linear_search.java"
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[class]{linear_search}-[func]{linearSearchArray}
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```
=== "C++"
```cpp title="linear_search.cpp"
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[class]{}-[func]{linearSearchArray}
```
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=== "Python"
```python title="linear_search.py"
[class]{}-[func]{linear_search_array}
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```
=== "Go"
```go title="linear_search.go"
[class]{}-[func]{linearSearchArray}
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```
=== "JavaScript"
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```javascript title="linear_search.js"
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[class]{}-[func]{linearSearchArray}
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```
=== "TypeScript"
```typescript title="linear_search.ts"
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[class]{}-[func]{linearSearchArray}
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```
=== "C"
```c title="linear_search.c"
[class]{}-[func]{linearSearchArray}
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```
=== "C#"
```csharp title="linear_search.cs"
[class]{linear_search}-[func]{linearSearchArray}
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```
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=== "Swift"
```swift title="linear_search.swift"
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[class]{}-[func]{linearSearchArray}
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```
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=== "Zig"
```zig title="linear_search.zig"
[class]{}-[func]{linearSearchArray}
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```
另一个例子,若需要在链表中查找给定目标节点值 `target` 并返回该节点对象,同样可以使用线性查找。
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=== "Java"
```java title="linear_search.java"
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[class]{linear_search}-[func]{linearSearchLinkedList}
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```
=== "C++"
```cpp title="linear_search.cpp"
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[class]{}-[func]{linearSearchLinkedList}
```
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=== "Python"
```python title="linear_search.py"
[class]{}-[func]{linear_search_linkedlist}
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```
=== "Go"
```go title="linear_search.go"
[class]{}-[func]{linearSearchLinkedList}
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```
=== "JavaScript"
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```javascript title="linear_search.js"
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[class]{}-[func]{linearSearchLinkedList}
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```
=== "TypeScript"
```typescript title="linear_search.ts"
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[class]{}-[func]{linearSearchLinkedList}
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```
=== "C"
```c title="linear_search.c"
[class]{}-[func]{linearSearchLinkedList}
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```
=== "C#"
```csharp title="linear_search.cs"
[class]{linear_search}-[func]{linearSearchLinkedList}
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```
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=== "Swift"
```swift title="linear_search.swift"
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[class]{}-[func]{linearSearchLinkedList}
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```
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=== "Zig"
```zig title="linear_search.zig"
[class]{}-[func]{linearSearchLinkedList}
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```
## 复杂度分析
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**时间复杂度 $O(n)$** :其中 $n$ 代表数组或链表的长度。
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**空间复杂度 $O(1)$** :无需借助额外的存储空间。
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## 优点与局限性
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**线性查找具有极佳的通用性**。由于线性查找是逐个访问元素的,没有跳跃式访问,因此适用于数组和链表的查找。
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**线性查找的时间复杂度较高**。当数据量 $n$ 较大时,线性查找的效率较低。