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3.4. 字符编码 *
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0. 写在前面
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0. 写在前面
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0.1. 关于本书
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0.2. 如何使用本书
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0.3. 小结
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1. 引言
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1. 引言
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1.1. 算法无处不在
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1.2. 算法是什么
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< / a >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_introduction/summary/" class = "md-nav__link" >
1.3. 小结
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< / ul >
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< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_3" id = "__nav_3_label" tabindex = "0" >
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2. 复杂度分析
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< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_3" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
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2. 复杂度分析
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_computational_complexity/performance_evaluation/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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2.1. 算法效率评估
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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2.2. 时间复杂度
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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2.3. 空间复杂度
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_computational_complexity/summary/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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2.4. 小结
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< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_4" id = "__nav_4_label" tabindex = "0" >
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3. 数据结构与数据
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< / label >
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< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_4" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
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3. 数据结构与数据
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< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
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< a href = "../classification_of_data_structure/" class = "md-nav__link" >
3.1. 数据结构分类
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< a href = "../basic_data_types/" class = "md-nav__link" >
3.2. 基本数据类型
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< a href = "../number_encoding/" class = "md-nav__link" >
3.3. 数字编码 *
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< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--active" >
< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle" type = "checkbox" id = "__toc" >
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< label class = "md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" for = "__toc" >
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3.4. 字符编码 *
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< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
< / label >
< a href = "./" class = "md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" >
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3.4. 字符编码 *
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< / a >
< nav class = "md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label = "目录" >
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< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__toc" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
目录
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< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-component = "toc" data-md-scrollfix >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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3.4.1. ASCII 字符集
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< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "#342-gbk" class = "md-nav__link" >
3.4.2. GBK 字符集
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< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "#343-unicode" class = "md-nav__link" >
3.4.3. Unicode 字符集
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< / a >
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< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "#344-utf-8" class = "md-nav__link" >
3.4.4. UTF-8 编码
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< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../summary/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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3.5. 小结
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< / ul >
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< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested" >
< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_5" >
< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_5" id = "__nav_5_label" tabindex = "0" >
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4. 数组与链表
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< / label >
< nav class = "md-nav" data-md-level = "1" aria-labelledby = "__nav_5_label" aria-expanded = "false" >
< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_5" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
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4. 数组与链表
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< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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4.1. 数组
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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4.2. 链表
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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4.3. 列表
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/summary/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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4.4. 小结
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< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_6" id = "__nav_6_label" tabindex = "0" >
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5. 栈与队列
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< / label >
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< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_6" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
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5. 栈与队列
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< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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5.1. 栈
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< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_stack_and_queue/queue/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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5.2. 队列
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_stack_and_queue/deque/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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5.3. 双向队列
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< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_stack_and_queue/summary/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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5.4. 小结
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< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested" >
< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_7" >
< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_7" id = "__nav_7_label" tabindex = "0" >
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6. 二分查找
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< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
< / label >
< nav class = "md-nav" data-md-level = "1" aria-labelledby = "__nav_7_label" aria-expanded = "false" >
< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_7" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
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6. 二分查找
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< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../chapter_binary_search/binary_search/" class = "md-nav__link" >
6.1. 二分查找
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< / a >
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< / ul >
< / nav >
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< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested" >
< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_8" >
< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_8" id = "__nav_8_label" tabindex = "0" >
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7. 散列表
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< / label >
< nav class = "md-nav" data-md-level = "1" aria-labelledby = "__nav_8_label" aria-expanded = "false" >
< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_8" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
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7. 散列表
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< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../chapter_hashing/hash_map/" class = "md-nav__link" >
7.1. 哈希表
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../chapter_hashing/hash_collision/" class = "md-nav__link" >
7.2. 哈希冲突处理
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../chapter_hashing/summary/" class = "md-nav__link" >
7.3. 小结
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< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested" >
< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_9" >
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< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_9" id = "__nav_9_label" tabindex = "0" >
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8. 树
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< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
< / label >
< nav class = "md-nav" data-md-level = "1" aria-labelledby = "__nav_9_label" aria-expanded = "false" >
< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_9" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
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8. 树
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< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../chapter_tree/binary_tree/" class = "md-nav__link" >
8.1. 二叉树
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< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../chapter_tree/binary_tree_traversal/" class = "md-nav__link" >
8.2. 二叉树遍历
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< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_tree/array_representation_of_tree/" class = "md-nav__link" >
8.3. 二叉树数组表示
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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8.4. 二叉搜索树
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_tree/avl_tree/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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8.5. AVL 树 *
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_tree/summary/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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8.6. 小结
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< / a >
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< / ul >
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< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested" >
< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_10" >
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< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_10" id = "__nav_10_label" tabindex = "0" >
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9. 堆
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< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
< / label >
< nav class = "md-nav" data-md-level = "1" aria-labelledby = "__nav_10_label" aria-expanded = "false" >
< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_10" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
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9. 堆
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< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../chapter_heap/heap/" class = "md-nav__link" >
9.1. 堆
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< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../chapter_heap/build_heap/" class = "md-nav__link" >
9.2. 建堆操作 *
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< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../chapter_heap/summary/" class = "md-nav__link" >
9.3. 小结
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< / a >
< / li >
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< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested" >
< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_11" >
< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_11" id = "__nav_11_label" tabindex = "0" >
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10. 图
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< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
< / label >
< nav class = "md-nav" data-md-level = "1" aria-labelledby = "__nav_11_label" aria-expanded = "false" >
< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_11" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
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10. 图
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< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../chapter_graph/graph/" class = "md-nav__link" >
10.1. 图
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../chapter_graph/graph_operations/" class = "md-nav__link" >
10.2. 图基础操作
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../chapter_graph/graph_traversal/" class = "md-nav__link" >
10.3. 图的遍历
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../chapter_graph/summary/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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10.4. 小结
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< / a >
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< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested" >
< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_12" >
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2023-03-26 22:05:43 +08:00
2023-03-26 04:45:30 +08:00
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< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_12" id = "__nav_12_label" tabindex = "0" >
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11. 排序算法
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< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
< / label >
< nav class = "md-nav" data-md-level = "1" aria-labelledby = "__nav_12_label" aria-expanded = "false" >
< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_12" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
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11. 排序算法
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< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../chapter_sorting/sorting_algorithm/" class = "md-nav__link" >
11.1. 排序算法
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_sorting/bubble_sort/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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11.2. 冒泡排序
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_sorting/insertion_sort/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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11.3. 插入排序
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_sorting/quick_sort/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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11.4. 快速排序
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_sorting/merge_sort/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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11.5. 归并排序
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< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_sorting/bucket_sort/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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11.6. 桶排序
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< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_sorting/counting_sort/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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11.7. 计数排序
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< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../chapter_sorting/radix_sort/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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11.8. 基数排序
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< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_sorting/summary/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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11.9. 小结
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< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_13" id = "__nav_13_label" tabindex = "0" >
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12. 搜索算法
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< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
< / label >
< nav class = "md-nav" data-md-level = "1" aria-labelledby = "__nav_13_label" aria-expanded = "false" >
< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_13" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
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12. 搜索算法
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< / label >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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12.1. 搜索算法（ ）
< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_searching/replace_linear_by_hashing/" class = "md-nav__link" >
12.2. 哈希优化策略
< / a >
< / li >
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12.3. 小结
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< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
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< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_14" id = "__nav_14_label" tabindex = "0" >
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13. 回溯算法
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< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
< / label >
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< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_14" >
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13. 回溯算法
< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_backtracking/backtracking_algorithm/" class = "md-nav__link" >
13.1. 回溯算法（ ）
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_backtracking/permutations_problem/" class = "md-nav__link" >
13.2. 全排列问题（ ）
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_backtracking/n_queens_problem/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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13.3. N 皇后问题（ ）
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< / a >
< / li >
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< / ul >
< / nav >
< / li >
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< label class = "md-nav__link" for = "__nav_15" id = "__nav_15_label" tabindex = "0" >
14. 附录
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
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< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_15" >
< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
14. 附录
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< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_appendix/installation/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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14.1. 编程环境安装
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< / a >
< / li >
< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_appendix/contribution/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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14.2. 一起参与创作
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< / a >
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< / ul >
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< a href = "../../chapter_reference/" > 参考文献< / a >
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< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
参考文献
< / label >
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< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
目录
< / label >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "#341-ascii" class = "md-nav__link" >
3.4.1. ASCII 字符集
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< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "#342-gbk" class = "md-nav__link" >
3.4.2. GBK 字符集
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< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "#343-unicode" class = "md-nav__link" >
3.4.3. Unicode 字符集
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< / a >
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< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "#344-utf-8" class = "md-nav__link" >
3.4.4. UTF-8 编码
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< / a >
< / li >
< / ul >
< / nav >
< / div >
< / div >
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< svg xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox = "0 0 24 24" > < path d = "M10 20H6V4h7v5h5v3.1l2-2V8l-6-6H6c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v16c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h4v-2m10.2-7c.1 0 .3.1.4.2l1.3 1.3c.2.2.2.6 0 .8l-1 1-2.1-2.1 1-1c.1-.1.2-.2.4-.2m0 3.9L14.1 23H12v-2.1l6.1-6.1 2.1 2.1Z" / > < / svg >
< / a >
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< h1 id = "34" > 3.4. 字符集与编码< a class = "headerlink" href = "#34" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h1 >
< p > 在计算机中，所有数据都是以二进制数的形式存储的，字符 < code > char< / code > 也不例外。为了表示字符，我们需要建立一套「字符集」，规定每个字符和二进制数之间的一一对应关系。有了字符集之后，计算机就可以通过查表完成二进制数到字符的转换。< / p >
< h2 id = "341-ascii" > 3.4.1. ASCII 字符集< a class = "headerlink" href = "#341-ascii" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h2 >
< p > 「ASCII 码」是最早出现的字符集，全称为“美国标准信息交换代码”。它使用 7 位二进制数（即一个字节的前 7 位）表示一个字符，最多能够表示 128 个不同的字符。这包括英文字母的大小写、数字 0-9 、一些标点符号，以及一些控制字符（如换行符和制表符）。< / p >
< p > < img alt = "ASCII 码" src = "../character_encoding.assets/ascii_table.png" / > < / p >
< p align = "center" > Fig. ASCII 码 < / p >
< p > 然而， ， < / p >
< h2 id = "342-gbk" > 3.4.2. GBK 字符集< a class = "headerlink" href = "#342-gbk" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h2 >
< p > EASCII 码仍然无法满足许多语言的字符数量要求。例如，汉字大约有近十万个，光日常使用的就有几千个。为此，中国国家标准总局于 1980 年发布了「GB2312」字符集， < / p >
< p > 然而， ， ， ， < / p >
< h2 id = "343-unicode" > 3.4.3. Unicode 字符集< a class = "headerlink" href = "#343-unicode" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h2 >
< p > 随着计算机的蓬勃发展，在世界范围内诞生了许多字符集与编码标准，而这带来了许多问题。一方面，这些字符集一般只定义了某种特定语言的字符，无法实现跨语言解析；另一方面，同一种语言也存在多种字符集，如果两台电脑安装的是不同的编码标准，则在信息传递时就会出现乱码。< / p >
< p > 那个时代的人们会想：如果推出一个足够完整的字符集，将世界范围内的所有语言和符号都纳入其中，不就可以解决跨语言环境和乱码问题了吗？在这种思考下，一个庞大的字符集 Unicode 应运而生。< / p >
< p > 「Unicode」的全称为“统一字符编码”， ， ， < / p >
< p > 自 1991 年发布以来， ， < / p >
< p > Unicode 是一种字符集标准，本质上是给每个字符分配一个编号（称为“码点”），< strong > 但它并没有规定在计算机中如何存储这些字符码点< / strong > 。我们不禁会问：当多种长度的 Unicode 码点同时出现在同一个文本中时，系统如何解析字符？例如，给定一个长度为 2 字节的编码，系统如何确认它是一个 2 字节的字符还是两个 1 字节的字符？< / p >
< p > < strong > 最直接的解决方案是将所有字符存储为等长的编码< / strong > 。如下图所示， ， < / p >
< p > < img alt = "Unicode 编码示例" src = "../character_encoding.assets/unicode_hello_algo.png" / > < / p >
< p align = "center" > Fig. Unicode 编码示例 < / p >
< p > 然而， < / p >
< h2 id = "344-utf-8" > 3.4.4. UTF-8 编码< a class = "headerlink" href = "#344-utf-8" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h2 >
< p > 随着互联网的发展， < strong > 它是一种可变长的编码< / strong > ，使用 1 到 4 个字节来表示一个字符， < / p >
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< ul >
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< li > 对于长度为 1 字节的字符，将最高位设置为 0 、其余 7 位设置为 Unicode 码点。值得注意的是， < strong > UTF-8 编码可以向下兼容 ASCII 码< / strong > 。这意味着我们可以使用 UTF-8 来解析年代久远的 ASCII 码文本。< / li >
< li > 对于长度为 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(n\)< / span > 字节的字符（其中 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(n > 1\)< / span > ），将首个字节的高 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(n\)< / span > 位都设置为 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(1\)< / span > 、第 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(n + 1\)< / span > 位设置为 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(0\)< / span > ；从第二个字节开始，将每个字节的高 2 位都设置为 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(10\)< / span > ；其余所有位用于填充字符的 Unicode 码点。< / li >
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< / ul >
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< p > 下图展示了“Hello算法”对应的 UTF-8 编码。将最高 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(n\)< / span > 位设置为 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(1\)< / span > 比较容易理解，可以向系统指出字符的长度为 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(n\)< / span > 。那么，为什么要将其余所有字节的高 2 位都设置为 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(10\)< / span > 呢？实际上，这个 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(10\)< / span > 能够起到校验符的作用，因为在 UTF-8 编码规则下，不可能有字符的最高两位是 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(10\)< / span > 。这是因为长度为 1 字节的字符的最高一位是 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(0\)< / span > 。假设系统从一个错误的字节开始解析文本，字节头部的 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(10\)< / span > 能够帮助系统快速的判断出异常。< / p >
< p > < img alt = "UTF-8 编码示例" src = "../character_encoding.assets/utf-8_hello_algo.png" / > < / p >
< p align = "center" > Fig. UTF-8 编码示例 < / p >
< p > 除了 UTF-8 之外，常见的编码方式还包括 UTF-16 和 UTF-32 。它们为 Unicode 字符集提供了不同的编码方法。< / p >
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< ul >
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< li > < strong > UTF-16 编码< / strong > ：使用 2 或 4 个字节来表示一个字符。所有的 ASCII 字符和很多常用的中文字符，都用 2 个字节表示。少数字符需要用到 4 个字节表示。< / li >
< li > < strong > UTF-32 编码< / strong > ：每个字符都使用 4 个字节。这意味着 UTF-32 会比 UTF-8 和 UTF-16 更占用空间，特别是对于主要使用 ASCII 字符的文本。< / li >
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< / ul >
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< p > 从存储空间的角度看，使用 UTF-8 表示英文字符非常高效，因为它仅需 1 个字节；使用 UTF-16 编码某些非英文字符（例如中文）会更加高效，因为它只需要 2 个字节，而 UTF-8 可能需要 3 个字节。从兼容性的角度看， < / p >
< p > 如下表所示，为各个编程语言的字符串默认编码方式。由于 UTF-16 和 UTF-32 属于等长的编码方法，因此编程语言可以直接计算字符串的长度，也可以快速地访问字符串中的任意字符。而如果使用 UTF-8 这种变长的编码方法，编程语言往往需要额外维护一个字符数组，才能实现高效的随机访问。< / p >
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< div class = "center-table" >
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< table >
< thead >
< tr >
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< th > 编码< / th >
< th > 编程语言< / th >
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< / tr >
< / thead >
< tbody >
< tr >
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< td > UTF-8< / td >
< td > Python, Go, Rust, Swift< / td >
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< / tr >
< tr >
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< td > UTF-16< / td >
< td > Java, C#, JavaScript, TypeScript< / td >
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< / tr >
< tr >
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< td > UTF-32< / td >
< td > /< / td >
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< / tr >
< / tbody >
< / table >
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< / div >
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< h2 id = "__comments" > 评论< / h2 >
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