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13.2 全排列问题
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序
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序
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第 0 章 前言
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第 0 章 前言
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0.1 关于本书
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0.2 如何使用本书
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< a href = "../../chapter_preface/summary/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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0.3 小结
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第 1 章 初识算法
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第 1 章 初识算法
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1.1 算法无处不在
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1.2 算法是什么
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1.3 小结
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第 2 章 复杂度分析
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第 2 章 复杂度分析
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2.1 算法效率评估
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2.2 迭代与递归
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2.3 时间复杂度
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2.4 空间复杂度
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第 3 章 数据结构
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4.1 数组
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4.3 列表
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6.1 哈希表
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6.2 哈希冲突
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6.3 哈希算法
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6.4 小结
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第 7 章 树
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7.1 二叉树
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7.2 二叉树遍历
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7.3 二叉树数组表示
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7.4 二叉搜索树
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7.5 AVL 树 *
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7.6 小结
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第 8 章 堆
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第 8 章 堆
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8.1 堆
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8.2 建堆操作
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8.3 Top-k 问题
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8.4 小结
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< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested" >
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< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_11" >
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< div class = "md-nav__link md-nav__container" >
< a href = "../../chapter_graph/" class = "md-nav__link " >
< svg xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox = "0 0 24 24" > < path d = "m12 5.37-.44-.06L6 14.9c.24.21.4.48.47.78h11.06c.07-.3.23-.57.47-.78l-5.56-9.59-.44.06M6.6 16.53l4.28 2.53c.29-.27.69-.43 1.12-.43.43 0 .83.16 1.12.43l4.28-2.53H6.6M12 22a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68-1.68l.09-.56-4.3-2.55c-.31.36-.76.58-1.27.58a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68-1.68c0-.79.53-1.45 1.26-1.64V9.36c-.83-.11-1.47-.82-1.47-1.68A1.68 1.68 0 0 1 4.63 6c.55 0 1.03.26 1.34.66l4.41-2.53-.06-.45c0-.93.75-1.68 1.68-1.68.93 0 1.68.75 1.68 1.68l-.06.45 4.41 2.53c.31-.4.79-.66 1.34-.66a1.68 1.68 0 0 1 1.68 1.68c0 .86-.64 1.57-1.47 1.68v5.11c.73.19 1.26.85 1.26 1.64a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68 1.68c-.51 0-.96-.22-1.27-.58l-4.3 2.55.09.56A1.68 1.68 0 0 1 12 22M10.8 4.86 6.3 7.44l.02.24c0 .71-.44 1.32-1.06 1.57l.03 5.25 5.51-9.64m2.4 0 5.51 9.64.03-5.25c-.62-.25-1.06-.86-1.06-1.57l.02-.24-4.5-2.58Z" / > < / svg >
< span class = "md-ellipsis" >
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第 9 章 图
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< / span >
< / a >
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< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
< / label >
< / div >
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< nav class = "md-nav" data-md-level = "1" aria-labelledby = "__nav_11_label" aria-expanded = "false" >
< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_11" >
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< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
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第 9 章 图
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< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../chapter_graph/graph/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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< span class = "md-ellipsis" >
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9.1 图
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< / span >
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< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../chapter_graph/graph_operations/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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< span class = "md-ellipsis" >
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9.2 图基础操作
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< / span >
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< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../chapter_graph/graph_traversal/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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< span class = "md-ellipsis" >
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9.3 图的遍历
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< / span >
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< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_graph/summary/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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< span class = "md-ellipsis" >
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9.4 小结
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< / span >
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< / a >
< / li >
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< / ul >
< / nav >
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< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested" >
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< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_12" >
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< div class = "md-nav__link md-nav__container" >
< a href = "../../chapter_searching/" class = "md-nav__link " >
< svg xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox = "0 0 24 24" > < path d = "m19.31 18.9 3.08 3.1L21 23.39l-3.12-3.07c-.69.43-1.51.68-2.38.68-2.5 0-4.5-2-4.5-4.5s2-4.5 4.5-4.5 4.5 2 4.5 4.5c0 .88-.25 1.71-.69 2.4m-3.81.1a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 0-5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 0 5M21 4v2H3V4h18M3 16v-2h6v2H3m0-5V9h18v2h-2.03c-1.01-.63-2.2-1-3.47-1s-2.46.37-3.47 1H3Z" / > < / svg >
< span class = "md-ellipsis" >
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第 10 章 搜索
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< / span >
< / a >
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< label class = "md-nav__link " for = "__nav_12" id = "__nav_12_label" tabindex = "0" >
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< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
< / label >
< / div >
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< nav class = "md-nav" data-md-level = "1" aria-labelledby = "__nav_12_label" aria-expanded = "false" >
< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_12" >
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< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
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第 10 章 搜索
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< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../chapter_searching/binary_search/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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< span class = "md-ellipsis" >
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10.1 二分查找
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< / span >
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< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_searching/binary_search_insertion/" class = "md-nav__link" >
< span class = "md-ellipsis" >
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10.2 二分查找插入点
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< / span >
< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../chapter_searching/binary_search_edge/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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< span class = "md-ellipsis" >
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10.3 二分查找边界
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< / span >
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< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../chapter_searching/replace_linear_by_hashing/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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< span class = "md-ellipsis" >
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10.4 哈希优化策略
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< / span >
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< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../chapter_searching/searching_algorithm_revisited/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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< span class = "md-ellipsis" >
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10.5 重识搜索算法
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< / span >
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< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_searching/summary/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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< span class = "md-ellipsis" >
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10.6 小结
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< / span >
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< / a >
< / li >
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< / ul >
< / nav >
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< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested" >
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< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_13" >
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< div class = "md-nav__link md-nav__container" >
< a href = "../../chapter_sorting/" class = "md-nav__link " >
< svg xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox = "0 0 24 24" > < path d = "M19 17h3l-4 4-4-4h3V3h2M2 17h10v2H2M6 5v2H2V5m0 6h7v2H2v-2Z" / > < / svg >
< span class = "md-ellipsis" >
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第 11 章 排序
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< / span >
< / a >
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< label class = "md-nav__link " for = "__nav_13" id = "__nav_13_label" tabindex = "0" >
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< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
< / label >
< / div >
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< nav class = "md-nav" data-md-level = "1" aria-labelledby = "__nav_13_label" aria-expanded = "false" >
< label class = "md-nav__title" for = "__nav_13" >
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< span class = "md-nav__icon md-icon" > < / span >
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第 11 章 排序
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< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_sorting/sorting_algorithm/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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< span class = "md-ellipsis" >
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11.1 排序算法
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< / span >
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< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_sorting/selection_sort/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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< span class = "md-ellipsis" >
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11.2 选择排序
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< / span >
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< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_sorting/bubble_sort/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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< span class = "md-ellipsis" >
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11.3 冒泡排序
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< / span >
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< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_sorting/insertion_sort/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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< span class = "md-ellipsis" >
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11.4 插入排序
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< / span >
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< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_sorting/quick_sort/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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< span class = "md-ellipsis" >
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11.5 快速排序
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< / span >
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< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_sorting/merge_sort/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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< span class = "md-ellipsis" >
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11.6 归并排序
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< / span >
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< / a >
< / li >
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11.7 堆排序
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11.8 桶排序
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11.9 计数排序
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11.10 基数排序
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11.11 小结
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第 12 章 分治
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第 12 章 分治
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12.1 分治算法
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12.2 分治搜索策略
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12.3 构建树问题
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12.4 汉诺塔问题
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12.5 小结
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第 13 章 回溯
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第 13 章 回溯
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13.1 回溯算法
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13.2 全排列问题
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13.2 全排列问题
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目录
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13.2.1 无相等元素的情况
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1. 重复选择剪枝
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2. 代码实现
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13.2.2 考虑相等元素的情况
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1. 相等元素剪枝
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2. 代码实现
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3. 两种剪枝对比
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13.3 子集和问题
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13.4 N 皇后问题
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13.5 小结
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目录
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13.2.1 无相等元素的情况
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1. 重复选择剪枝
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2. 代码实现
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13.2.2 考虑相等元素的情况
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1. 相等元素剪枝
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2. 代码实现
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3. 两种剪枝对比
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< h1 id = "132" > 13.2 全排列问题< a class = "headerlink" href = "#132" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h1 >
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< p > 全排列问题是回溯算法的一个典型应用。它的定义是在给定一个集合（如一个数组或字符串）的情况下，找出其中元素的所有可能的排列。< / p >
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< p > 表 13-2 列举了几个示例数据，包括输入数组和对应的所有排列。< / p >
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< p align = "center" > 表 13-2 全排列示例 < / p >
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< th style = "text-align: left;" > 输入数组< / th >
< th style = "text-align: left;" > 所有排列< / th >
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< td style = "text-align: left;" > < span class = "arithmatex" > \([1]\)< / span > < / td >
< td style = "text-align: left;" > < span class = "arithmatex" > \([1]\)< / span > < / td >
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< tr >
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< td style = "text-align: left;" > < span class = "arithmatex" > \([1, 2]\)< / span > < / td >
< td style = "text-align: left;" > < span class = "arithmatex" > \([1, 2], [2, 1]\)< / span > < / td >
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< tr >
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< td style = "text-align: left;" > < span class = "arithmatex" > \([1, 2, 3]\)< / span > < / td >
< td style = "text-align: left;" > < span class = "arithmatex" > \([1, 2, 3], [1, 3, 2], [2, 1, 3], [2, 3, 1], [3, 1, 2], [3, 2, 1]\)< / span > < / td >
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< h2 id = "1321" > 13.2.1 无相等元素的情况< a class = "headerlink" href = "#1321" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h2 >
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< p class = "admonition-title" > Question< / p >
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< p > 输入一个整数数组，其中不包含重复元素，返回所有可能的排列。< / p >
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< p > 从回溯算法的角度看，< strong > 我们可以把生成排列的过程想象成一系列选择的结果< / strong > 。假设输入数组为 < span class = "arithmatex" > \([1, 2, 3]\)< / span > ，如果我们先选择 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(1\)< / span > ，再选择 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(3\)< / span > ，最后选择 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(2\)< / span > ，则获得排列 < span class = "arithmatex" > \([1, 3, 2]\)< / span > 。回退表示撤销一个选择，之后继续尝试其他选择。< / p >
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< p > 从回溯代码的角度看，候选集合 < code > choices< / code > 是输入数组中的所有元素，状态 < code > state< / code > 是直至目前已被选择的元素。请注意，每个元素只允许被选择一次，< strong > 因此 < code > state< / code > 中的所有元素都应该是唯一的< / strong > 。< / p >
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< p > 如图 13-5 所示，我们可以将搜索过程展开成一棵递归树，树中的每个节点代表当前状态 < code > state< / code > 。从根节点开始，经过三轮选择后到达叶节点，每个叶节点都对应一个排列。< / p >
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< p > < a class = "glightbox" href = "../permutations_problem.assets/permutations_i.png" data-type = "image" data-width = "100%" data-height = "auto" data-desc-position = "bottom" > < img alt = "全排列的递归树" class = "animation-figure" src = "../permutations_problem.assets/permutations_i.png" / > < / a > < / p >
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< p align = "center" > 图 13-5 全排列的递归树 < / p >
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< h3 id = "1" > 1. 重复选择剪枝< a class = "headerlink" href = "#1" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h3 >
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< p > 为了实现每个元素只被选择一次，我们考虑引入一个布尔型数组 < code > selected< / code > ，其中 < code > selected[i]< / code > 表示 < code > choices[i]< / code > 是否已被选择，并基于它实现以下剪枝操作。< / p >
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< ul >
< li > 在做出选择 < code > choice[i]< / code > 后，我们就将 < code > selected[i]< / code > 赋值为 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(\text{True}\)< / span > ，代表它已被选择。< / li >
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< li > 遍历选择列表 < code > choices< / code > 时，跳过所有已被选择的节点，即剪枝。< / li >
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< / ul >
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< p > 如图 13-6 所示，假设我们第一轮选择 1 ，第二轮选择 3 ，第三轮选择 2 ，则需要在第二轮剪掉元素 1 的分支，在第三轮剪掉元素 1 和元素 3 的分支。< / p >
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< p > < a class = "glightbox" href = "../permutations_problem.assets/permutations_i_pruning.png" data-type = "image" data-width = "100%" data-height = "auto" data-desc-position = "bottom" > < img alt = "全排列剪枝示例" class = "animation-figure" src = "../permutations_problem.assets/permutations_i_pruning.png" / > < / a > < / p >
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< p align = "center" > 图 13-6 全排列剪枝示例 < / p >
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< p > 观察图 13-6 发现，该剪枝操作将搜索空间大小从 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(n^n)\)< / span > 减小至 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(n!)\)< / span > 。< / p >
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< h3 id = "2" > 2. 代码实现< a class = "headerlink" href = "#2" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h3 >
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< p > 想清楚以上信息之后，我们就可以在框架代码中做“完形填空”了。为了缩短整体代码，我们不单独实现框架代码中的各个函数，而是将它们展开在 < code > backtrack()< / code > 函数中：< / p >
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< div class = "tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs = "1:14" > < input checked = "checked" id = "__tabbed_1_1" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_2" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_3" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_4" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_5" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_6" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_7" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_8" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_9" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_10" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_11" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_12" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_13" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_14" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < div class = "tabbed-labels" > < label for = "__tabbed_1_1" > Python< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_2" > C++< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_3" > Java< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_4" > C#< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_5" > Go< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_6" > Swift< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_7" > JS< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_8" > TS< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_9" > Dart< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_10" > Rust< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_11" > C< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_12" > Kotlin< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_13" > Ruby< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_14" > Zig< / label > < / div >
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< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > permutations_i.py< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-0-1" name = "__codelineno-0-1" href = "#__codelineno-0-1" > < / a > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "nf" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-2" name = "__codelineno-0-2" href = "#__codelineno-0-2" > < / a > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > list< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ],< / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > list< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ],< / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > list< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nb" > bool< / span > < span class = "p" > ],< / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > list< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nb" > list< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ]]< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-3" name = "__codelineno-0-3" href = "#__codelineno-0-3" > < / a > < span class = "p" > ):< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-4" name = "__codelineno-0-4" href = "#__codelineno-0-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "sd" > " " " 回溯算法：全排列 I" " " < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-5" name = "__codelineno-0-5" href = "#__codelineno-0-5" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # 当状态长度等于元素数量时，记录解< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-6" name = "__codelineno-0-6" href = "#__codelineno-0-6" > < / a > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "nb" > len< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "nb" > len< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > ):< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-7" name = "__codelineno-0-7" href = "#__codelineno-0-7" > < / a > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > append< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nb" > list< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ))< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-8" name = "__codelineno-0-8" href = "#__codelineno-0-8" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-9" name = "__codelineno-0-9" href = "#__codelineno-0-9" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # 遍历所有选择< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-10" name = "__codelineno-0-10" href = "#__codelineno-0-10" > < / a > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > choice< / span > < span class = "ow" > in< / span > < span class = "nb" > enumerate< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > ):< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-11" name = "__codelineno-0-11" href = "#__codelineno-0-11" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # 剪枝：不允许重复选择元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-12" name = "__codelineno-0-12" href = "#__codelineno-0-12" > < / a > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "ow" > not< / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]:< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-13" name = "__codelineno-0-13" href = "#__codelineno-0-13" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # 尝试：做出选择，更新状态< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-14" name = "__codelineno-0-14" href = "#__codelineno-0-14" > < / a > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "kc" > True< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-15" name = "__codelineno-0-15" href = "#__codelineno-0-15" > < / a > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > append< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > choice< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-16" name = "__codelineno-0-16" href = "#__codelineno-0-16" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # 进行下一轮选择< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-17" name = "__codelineno-0-17" href = "#__codelineno-0-17" > < / a > < span class = "n" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-18" name = "__codelineno-0-18" href = "#__codelineno-0-18" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # 回退：撤销选择，恢复到之前的状态< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-19" name = "__codelineno-0-19" href = "#__codelineno-0-19" > < / a > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "kc" > False< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-20" name = "__codelineno-0-20" href = "#__codelineno-0-20" > < / a > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > pop< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-21" name = "__codelineno-0-21" href = "#__codelineno-0-21" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-22" name = "__codelineno-0-22" href = "#__codelineno-0-22" > < / a > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "nf" > permutations_i< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > list< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ])< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "nb" > list< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nb" > list< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ]]:< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-23" name = "__codelineno-0-23" href = "#__codelineno-0-23" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "sd" > " " " 全排列 I" " " < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-24" name = "__codelineno-0-24" href = "#__codelineno-0-24" > < / a > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-25" name = "__codelineno-0-25" href = "#__codelineno-0-25" > < / a > < span class = "n" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "p" > [],< / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "kc" > False< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "nb" > len< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ),< / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-26" name = "__codelineno-0-26" href = "#__codelineno-0-26" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span >
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< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
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< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > permutations_i.cpp< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-1-1" name = "__codelineno-1-1" href = "#__codelineno-1-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 回溯算法：全排列 I */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-2" name = "__codelineno-1-2" href = "#__codelineno-1-2" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > vector< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > & < / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > vector< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > & < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > vector< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > bool< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > & < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > vector< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > vector< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > & < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-3" name = "__codelineno-1-3" href = "#__codelineno-1-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 当状态长度等于元素数量时，记录解< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-4" name = "__codelineno-1-4" href = "#__codelineno-1-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ())< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-5" name = "__codelineno-1-5" href = "#__codelineno-1-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > push_back< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-6" name = "__codelineno-1-6" href = "#__codelineno-1-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-7" name = "__codelineno-1-7" href = "#__codelineno-1-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-8" name = "__codelineno-1-8" href = "#__codelineno-1-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 遍历所有选择< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-9" name = "__codelineno-1-9" href = "#__codelineno-1-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-10" name = "__codelineno-1-10" href = "#__codelineno-1-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choice< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ];< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-1-11" name = "__codelineno-1-11" href = "#__codelineno-1-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 剪枝：不允许重复选择元素< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-1-12" name = "__codelineno-1-12" href = "#__codelineno-1-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > !< / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ])< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-13" name = "__codelineno-1-13" href = "#__codelineno-1-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 尝试：做出选择，更新状态< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-14" name = "__codelineno-1-14" href = "#__codelineno-1-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > true< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-15" name = "__codelineno-1-15" href = "#__codelineno-1-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > push_back< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > choice< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-16" name = "__codelineno-1-16" href = "#__codelineno-1-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 进行下一轮选择< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-17" name = "__codelineno-1-17" href = "#__codelineno-1-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-18" name = "__codelineno-1-18" href = "#__codelineno-1-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 回退：撤销选择，恢复到之前的状态< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-19" name = "__codelineno-1-19" href = "#__codelineno-1-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > false< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-20" name = "__codelineno-1-20" href = "#__codelineno-1-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > pop_back< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-21" name = "__codelineno-1-21" href = "#__codelineno-1-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-22" name = "__codelineno-1-22" href = "#__codelineno-1-22" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-23" name = "__codelineno-1-23" href = "#__codelineno-1-23" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-24" name = "__codelineno-1-24" href = "#__codelineno-1-24" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-25" name = "__codelineno-1-25" href = "#__codelineno-1-25" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 全排列 I */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-26" name = "__codelineno-1-26" href = "#__codelineno-1-26" > < / a > < span class = "n" > vector< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > vector< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > permutationsI< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > vector< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-27" name = "__codelineno-1-27" href = "#__codelineno-1-27" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > vector< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-28" name = "__codelineno-1-28" href = "#__codelineno-1-28" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > vector< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > bool< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > (),< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > false< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-29" name = "__codelineno-1-29" href = "#__codelineno-1-29" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > vector< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > vector< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-30" name = "__codelineno-1-30" href = "#__codelineno-1-30" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-31" name = "__codelineno-1-31" href = "#__codelineno-1-31" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-32" name = "__codelineno-1-32" href = "#__codelineno-1-32" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
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< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
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< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > permutations_i.java< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-2-1" name = "__codelineno-2-1" href = "#__codelineno-2-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 回溯算法：全排列 I */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-2" name = "__codelineno-2-2" href = "#__codelineno-2-2" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > Integer< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > []< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > boolean< / span > < span class = "o" > []< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > Integer< / span > < span class = "o" > > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-3" name = "__codelineno-2-3" href = "#__codelineno-2-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 当状态长度等于元素数量时，记录解< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-4" name = "__codelineno-2-4" href = "#__codelineno-2-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > length< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-5" name = "__codelineno-2-5" href = "#__codelineno-2-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > add< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > ArrayList< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > Integer< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ));< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-6" name = "__codelineno-2-6" href = "#__codelineno-2-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-7" name = "__codelineno-2-7" href = "#__codelineno-2-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-8" name = "__codelineno-2-8" href = "#__codelineno-2-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 遍历所有选择< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-9" name = "__codelineno-2-9" href = "#__codelineno-2-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > length< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-10" name = "__codelineno-2-10" href = "#__codelineno-2-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choice< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "o" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
2023-10-17 23:45:04 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-2-11" name = "__codelineno-2-11" href = "#__codelineno-2-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 剪枝：不允许重复选择元素< / span >
2023-10-06 14:10:31 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-2-12" name = "__codelineno-2-12" href = "#__codelineno-2-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > !< / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "o" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-13" name = "__codelineno-2-13" href = "#__codelineno-2-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 尝试：做出选择，更新状态< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-14" name = "__codelineno-2-14" href = "#__codelineno-2-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "o" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > true< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-15" name = "__codelineno-2-15" href = "#__codelineno-2-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > add< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > choice< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-16" name = "__codelineno-2-16" href = "#__codelineno-2-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 进行下一轮选择< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-17" name = "__codelineno-2-17" href = "#__codelineno-2-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-18" name = "__codelineno-2-18" href = "#__codelineno-2-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 回退：撤销选择，恢复到之前的状态< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-19" name = "__codelineno-2-19" href = "#__codelineno-2-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "o" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > false< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-20" name = "__codelineno-2-20" href = "#__codelineno-2-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > remove< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-21" name = "__codelineno-2-21" href = "#__codelineno-2-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-22" name = "__codelineno-2-22" href = "#__codelineno-2-22" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-23" name = "__codelineno-2-23" href = "#__codelineno-2-23" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-24" name = "__codelineno-2-24" href = "#__codelineno-2-24" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-25" name = "__codelineno-2-25" href = "#__codelineno-2-25" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 全排列 I */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-26" name = "__codelineno-2-26" href = "#__codelineno-2-26" > < / a > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > Integer< / span > < span class = "o" > > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > permutationsI< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > []< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-27" name = "__codelineno-2-27" href = "#__codelineno-2-27" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > Integer< / span > < span class = "o" > > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > ArrayList< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > Integer< / span > < span class = "o" > > > < / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-28" name = "__codelineno-2-28" href = "#__codelineno-2-28" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > ArrayList< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > Integer< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "p" > (),< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > boolean< / span > < span class = "o" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > length< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-29" name = "__codelineno-2-29" href = "#__codelineno-2-29" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-30" name = "__codelineno-2-30" href = "#__codelineno-2-30" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
2023-04-24 03:30:35 +08:00
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
2023-10-06 14:10:31 +08:00
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > permutations_i.cs< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-3-1" name = "__codelineno-3-1" href = "#__codelineno-3-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 回溯算法：全排列 I */< / span >
2023-10-08 01:43:42 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-3-2" name = "__codelineno-3-2" href = "#__codelineno-3-2" > < / a > < span class = "k" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > Backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > bool< / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
2023-10-06 14:10:31 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-3-3" name = "__codelineno-3-3" href = "#__codelineno-3-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 当状态长度等于元素数量时，记录解< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-4" name = "__codelineno-3-4" href = "#__codelineno-3-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > Count< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > Length< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-5" name = "__codelineno-3-5" href = "#__codelineno-3-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > Add< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ));< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-6" name = "__codelineno-3-6" href = "#__codelineno-3-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-7" name = "__codelineno-3-7" href = "#__codelineno-3-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-8" name = "__codelineno-3-8" href = "#__codelineno-3-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 遍历所有选择< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-9" name = "__codelineno-3-9" href = "#__codelineno-3-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > Length< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-10" name = "__codelineno-3-10" href = "#__codelineno-3-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choice< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ];< / span >
2023-10-17 23:45:04 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-3-11" name = "__codelineno-3-11" href = "#__codelineno-3-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 剪枝：不允许重复选择元素< / span >
2023-10-06 14:10:31 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-3-12" name = "__codelineno-3-12" href = "#__codelineno-3-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > !< / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ])< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-13" name = "__codelineno-3-13" href = "#__codelineno-3-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 尝试：做出选择，更新状态< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-14" name = "__codelineno-3-14" href = "#__codelineno-3-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > true< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-15" name = "__codelineno-3-15" href = "#__codelineno-3-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > Add< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > choice< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-16" name = "__codelineno-3-16" href = "#__codelineno-3-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 进行下一轮选择< / span >
2023-10-08 01:43:42 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-3-17" name = "__codelineno-3-17" href = "#__codelineno-3-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
2023-10-06 14:10:31 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-3-18" name = "__codelineno-3-18" href = "#__codelineno-3-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 回退：撤销选择，恢复到之前的状态< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-19" name = "__codelineno-3-19" href = "#__codelineno-3-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > false< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-20" name = "__codelineno-3-20" href = "#__codelineno-3-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > RemoveAt< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > Count< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-21" name = "__codelineno-3-21" href = "#__codelineno-3-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-22" name = "__codelineno-3-22" href = "#__codelineno-3-22" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-23" name = "__codelineno-3-23" href = "#__codelineno-3-23" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-24" name = "__codelineno-3-24" href = "#__codelineno-3-24" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-25" name = "__codelineno-3-25" href = "#__codelineno-3-25" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 全排列 I */< / span >
2023-10-08 01:43:42 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-3-26" name = "__codelineno-3-26" href = "#__codelineno-3-26" > < / a > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > PermutationsI< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
2023-11-27 02:32:13 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-3-27" name = "__codelineno-3-27" href = "#__codelineno-3-27" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > [];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-28" name = "__codelineno-3-28" href = "#__codelineno-3-28" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > ([],< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > bool< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > Length< / span > < span class = "p" > ],< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
2023-10-06 14:10:31 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-3-29" name = "__codelineno-3-29" href = "#__codelineno-3-29" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-30" name = "__codelineno-3-30" href = "#__codelineno-3-30" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
2023-04-24 03:30:35 +08:00
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
2023-10-06 14:10:31 +08:00
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > permutations_i.go< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-4-1" name = "__codelineno-4-1" href = "#__codelineno-4-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 回溯算法：全排列 I */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-2" name = "__codelineno-4-2" href = "#__codelineno-4-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > backtrackI< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > state< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > choices< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > selected< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span > < span class = "kt" > bool< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > res< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "p" > [][]< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-3" name = "__codelineno-4-3" href = "#__codelineno-4-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 当状态长度等于元素数量时，记录解< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-4" name = "__codelineno-4-4" href = "#__codelineno-4-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > len< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "nx" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > len< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "nx" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-5" name = "__codelineno-4-5" href = "#__codelineno-4-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > newState< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > append< / span > < span class = "p" > ([]< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > {},< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "nx" > state< / span > < span class = "o" > ...< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-6" name = "__codelineno-4-6" href = "#__codelineno-4-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "nx" > res< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > append< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "nx" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > newState< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-7" name = "__codelineno-4-7" href = "#__codelineno-4-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-8" name = "__codelineno-4-8" href = "#__codelineno-4-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 遍历所有选择< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-9" name = "__codelineno-4-9" href = "#__codelineno-4-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > len< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "nx" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-10" name = "__codelineno-4-10" href = "#__codelineno-4-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > choice< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "nx" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > )[< / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span >
2023-10-17 23:45:04 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-4-11" name = "__codelineno-4-11" href = "#__codelineno-4-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 剪枝：不允许重复选择元素< / span >
2023-10-06 14:10:31 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-4-12" name = "__codelineno-4-12" href = "#__codelineno-4-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > !(< / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "nx" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > )[< / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-13" name = "__codelineno-4-13" href = "#__codelineno-4-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 尝试：做出选择，更新状态< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-14" name = "__codelineno-4-14" href = "#__codelineno-4-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "nx" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > )[< / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > true< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-15" name = "__codelineno-4-15" href = "#__codelineno-4-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "nx" > state< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > append< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "nx" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > choice< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-16" name = "__codelineno-4-16" href = "#__codelineno-4-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 进行下一轮选择< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-17" name = "__codelineno-4-17" href = "#__codelineno-4-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > backtrackI< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-18" name = "__codelineno-4-18" href = "#__codelineno-4-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 回退：撤销选择，恢复到之前的状态< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-19" name = "__codelineno-4-19" href = "#__codelineno-4-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "nx" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > )[< / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > false< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-20" name = "__codelineno-4-20" href = "#__codelineno-4-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "nx" > state< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "nx" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > )[:< / span > < span class = "nb" > len< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "nx" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-21" name = "__codelineno-4-21" href = "#__codelineno-4-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-22" name = "__codelineno-4-22" href = "#__codelineno-4-22" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-23" name = "__codelineno-4-23" href = "#__codelineno-4-23" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-24" name = "__codelineno-4-24" href = "#__codelineno-4-24" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-25" name = "__codelineno-4-25" href = "#__codelineno-4-25" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 全排列 I */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-26" name = "__codelineno-4-26" href = "#__codelineno-4-26" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > permutationsI< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > [][]< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-27" name = "__codelineno-4-27" href = "#__codelineno-4-27" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > res< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > make< / span > < span class = "p" > ([][]< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-28" name = "__codelineno-4-28" href = "#__codelineno-4-28" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > state< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > make< / span > < span class = "p" > ([]< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-29" name = "__codelineno-4-29" href = "#__codelineno-4-29" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > selected< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > make< / span > < span class = "p" > ([]< / span > < span class = "kt" > bool< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > len< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ))< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-30" name = "__codelineno-4-30" href = "#__codelineno-4-30" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > backtrackI< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > & < / span > < span class = "nx" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > & < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > & < / span > < span class = "nx" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > & < / span > < span class = "nx" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-31" name = "__codelineno-4-31" href = "#__codelineno-4-31" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > res< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-32" name = "__codelineno-4-32" href = "#__codelineno-4-32" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
2023-04-24 03:30:35 +08:00
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
2023-10-06 14:10:31 +08:00
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > permutations_i.swift< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-5-1" name = "__codelineno-5-1" href = "#__codelineno-5-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 回溯算法：全排列 I */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-2" name = "__codelineno-5-2" href = "#__codelineno-5-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "nf" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "kr" > inout< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > ],< / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > ],< / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "kr" > inout< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nb" > Bool< / span > < span class = "p" > ],< / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "kr" > inout< / span > < span class = "p" > [[< / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > ]])< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-3" name = "__codelineno-5-3" href = "#__codelineno-5-3" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // 当状态长度等于元素数量时，记录解< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-4" name = "__codelineno-5-4" href = "#__codelineno-5-4" > < / a > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "bp" > count< / span > < span class = "p" > ==< / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "bp" > count< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-5" name = "__codelineno-5-5" href = "#__codelineno-5-5" > < / a > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > append< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-6" name = "__codelineno-5-6" href = "#__codelineno-5-6" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-7" name = "__codelineno-5-7" href = "#__codelineno-5-7" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-8" name = "__codelineno-5-8" href = "#__codelineno-5-8" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // 遍历所有选择< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-9" name = "__codelineno-5-9" href = "#__codelineno-5-9" > < / a > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > choice< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "k" > in< / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > enumerated< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
2023-10-17 23:45:04 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-5-10" name = "__codelineno-5-10" href = "#__codelineno-5-10" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // 剪枝：不允许重复选择元素< / span >
2023-10-06 14:10:31 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-5-11" name = "__codelineno-5-11" href = "#__codelineno-5-11" > < / a > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "o" > !< / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-12" name = "__codelineno-5-12" href = "#__codelineno-5-12" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // 尝试：做出选择，更新状态< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-13" name = "__codelineno-5-13" href = "#__codelineno-5-13" > < / a > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "kc" > true< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-14" name = "__codelineno-5-14" href = "#__codelineno-5-14" > < / a > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > append< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > choice< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-15" name = "__codelineno-5-15" href = "#__codelineno-5-15" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // 进行下一轮选择< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-16" name = "__codelineno-5-16" href = "#__codelineno-5-16" > < / a > < span class = "n" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "p" > & < / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "p" > & < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "p" > & < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-17" name = "__codelineno-5-17" href = "#__codelineno-5-17" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // 回退：撤销选择，恢复到之前的状态< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-18" name = "__codelineno-5-18" href = "#__codelineno-5-18" > < / a > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "kc" > false< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-19" name = "__codelineno-5-19" href = "#__codelineno-5-19" > < / a > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "bp" > removeLast< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-20" name = "__codelineno-5-20" href = "#__codelineno-5-20" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-21" name = "__codelineno-5-21" href = "#__codelineno-5-21" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-22" name = "__codelineno-5-22" href = "#__codelineno-5-22" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-23" name = "__codelineno-5-23" href = "#__codelineno-5-23" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-24" name = "__codelineno-5-24" href = "#__codelineno-5-24" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 全排列 I */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-25" name = "__codelineno-5-25" href = "#__codelineno-5-25" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "nf" > permutationsI< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > ])< / span > < span class = "p" > -> < / span > < span class = "p" > [[< / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > ]]< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-26" name = "__codelineno-5-26" href = "#__codelineno-5-26" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > var< / span > < span class = "nv" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-27" name = "__codelineno-5-27" href = "#__codelineno-5-27" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > var< / span > < span class = "nv" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "nb" > Array< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > repeating< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "kc" > false< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "bp" > count< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "bp" > count< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-28" name = "__codelineno-5-28" href = "#__codelineno-5-28" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > var< / span > < span class = "nv" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "p" > [[< / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > ]]< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-29" name = "__codelineno-5-29" href = "#__codelineno-5-29" > < / a > < span class = "n" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "p" > & < / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "p" > & < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "p" > & < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-30" name = "__codelineno-5-30" href = "#__codelineno-5-30" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-31" name = "__codelineno-5-31" href = "#__codelineno-5-31" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
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< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
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< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > permutations_i.js< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-6-1" name = "__codelineno-6-1" href = "#__codelineno-6-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 回溯算法：全排列 I */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-2" name = "__codelineno-6-2" href = "#__codelineno-6-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > function< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-3" name = "__codelineno-6-3" href = "#__codelineno-6-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 当状态长度等于元素数量时，记录解< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-4" name = "__codelineno-6-4" href = "#__codelineno-6-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > length< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ===< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > length< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-5" name = "__codelineno-6-5" href = "#__codelineno-6-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > ([...< / span > < span class = "nx" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ]);< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-6" name = "__codelineno-6-6" href = "#__codelineno-6-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-7" name = "__codelineno-6-7" href = "#__codelineno-6-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-8" name = "__codelineno-6-8" href = "#__codelineno-6-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 遍历所有选择< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-9" name = "__codelineno-6-9" href = "#__codelineno-6-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > forEach< / span > < span class = "p" > ((< / span > < span class = "nx" > choice< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > => < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-6-10" name = "__codelineno-6-10" href = "#__codelineno-6-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 剪枝：不允许重复选择元素< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-6-11" name = "__codelineno-6-11" href = "#__codelineno-6-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > !< / span > < span class = "nx" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ])< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-12" name = "__codelineno-6-12" href = "#__codelineno-6-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 尝试：做出选择，更新状态< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-13" name = "__codelineno-6-13" href = "#__codelineno-6-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > true< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-14" name = "__codelineno-6-14" href = "#__codelineno-6-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > choice< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-15" name = "__codelineno-6-15" href = "#__codelineno-6-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 进行下一轮选择< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-16" name = "__codelineno-6-16" href = "#__codelineno-6-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-17" name = "__codelineno-6-17" href = "#__codelineno-6-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 回退：撤销选择，恢复到之前的状态< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-18" name = "__codelineno-6-18" href = "#__codelineno-6-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > false< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-19" name = "__codelineno-6-19" href = "#__codelineno-6-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > pop< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-20" name = "__codelineno-6-20" href = "#__codelineno-6-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-21" name = "__codelineno-6-21" href = "#__codelineno-6-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > });< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-22" name = "__codelineno-6-22" href = "#__codelineno-6-22" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-23" name = "__codelineno-6-23" href = "#__codelineno-6-23" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-24" name = "__codelineno-6-24" href = "#__codelineno-6-24" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 全排列 I */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-25" name = "__codelineno-6-25" href = "#__codelineno-6-25" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > function< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > permutationsI< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-26" name = "__codelineno-6-26" href = "#__codelineno-6-26" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > res< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > [];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-27" name = "__codelineno-6-27" href = "#__codelineno-6-27" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > ([],< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > Array< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > length< / span > < span class = "p" > ).< / span > < span class = "nx" > fill< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kc" > false< / span > < span class = "p" > ),< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-28" name = "__codelineno-6-28" href = "#__codelineno-6-28" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-29" name = "__codelineno-6-29" href = "#__codelineno-6-29" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
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< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
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< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > permutations_i.ts< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-7-1" name = "__codelineno-7-1" href = "#__codelineno-7-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 回溯算法：全排列 I */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-2" name = "__codelineno-7-2" href = "#__codelineno-7-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > function< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-3" name = "__codelineno-7-3" href = "#__codelineno-7-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > state< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "p" > [],< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-4" name = "__codelineno-7-4" href = "#__codelineno-7-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > choices< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "p" > [],< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-5" name = "__codelineno-7-5" href = "#__codelineno-7-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > selected< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > boolean< / span > < span class = "p" > [],< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-6" name = "__codelineno-7-6" href = "#__codelineno-7-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > res< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "p" > [][]< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-7" name = "__codelineno-7-7" href = "#__codelineno-7-7" > < / a > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "ow" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-8" name = "__codelineno-7-8" href = "#__codelineno-7-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 当状态长度等于元素数量时，记录解< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-9" name = "__codelineno-7-9" href = "#__codelineno-7-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > length< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ===< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > length< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-10" name = "__codelineno-7-10" href = "#__codelineno-7-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > ([...< / span > < span class = "nx" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ]);< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-11" name = "__codelineno-7-11" href = "#__codelineno-7-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-12" name = "__codelineno-7-12" href = "#__codelineno-7-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-13" name = "__codelineno-7-13" href = "#__codelineno-7-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 遍历所有选择< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-14" name = "__codelineno-7-14" href = "#__codelineno-7-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > forEach< / span > < span class = "p" > ((< / span > < span class = "nx" > choice< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > => < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
2023-10-17 23:45:04 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-7-15" name = "__codelineno-7-15" href = "#__codelineno-7-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 剪枝：不允许重复选择元素< / span >
2023-10-06 14:10:31 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-7-16" name = "__codelineno-7-16" href = "#__codelineno-7-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > !< / span > < span class = "nx" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ])< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-17" name = "__codelineno-7-17" href = "#__codelineno-7-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 尝试：做出选择，更新状态< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-18" name = "__codelineno-7-18" href = "#__codelineno-7-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > true< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-19" name = "__codelineno-7-19" href = "#__codelineno-7-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > choice< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-20" name = "__codelineno-7-20" href = "#__codelineno-7-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 进行下一轮选择< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-21" name = "__codelineno-7-21" href = "#__codelineno-7-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-22" name = "__codelineno-7-22" href = "#__codelineno-7-22" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 回退：撤销选择，恢复到之前的状态< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-23" name = "__codelineno-7-23" href = "#__codelineno-7-23" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > false< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-24" name = "__codelineno-7-24" href = "#__codelineno-7-24" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > pop< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-25" name = "__codelineno-7-25" href = "#__codelineno-7-25" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-26" name = "__codelineno-7-26" href = "#__codelineno-7-26" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > });< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-27" name = "__codelineno-7-27" href = "#__codelineno-7-27" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-28" name = "__codelineno-7-28" href = "#__codelineno-7-28" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-29" name = "__codelineno-7-29" href = "#__codelineno-7-29" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 全排列 I */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-30" name = "__codelineno-7-30" href = "#__codelineno-7-30" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > function< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > permutationsI< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "p" > [])< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "p" > [][]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-31" name = "__codelineno-7-31" href = "#__codelineno-7-31" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > res< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "p" > [][]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > [];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-32" name = "__codelineno-7-32" href = "#__codelineno-7-32" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > ([],< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > Array< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > length< / span > < span class = "p" > ).< / span > < span class = "nx" > fill< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kc" > false< / span > < span class = "p" > ),< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-33" name = "__codelineno-7-33" href = "#__codelineno-7-33" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-34" name = "__codelineno-7-34" href = "#__codelineno-7-34" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
2023-04-24 03:30:35 +08:00
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
2023-10-06 14:10:31 +08:00
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > permutations_i.dart< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-8-1" name = "__codelineno-8-1" href = "#__codelineno-8-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 回溯算法：全排列 I */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-2" name = "__codelineno-8-2" href = "#__codelineno-8-2" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-3" name = "__codelineno-8-3" href = "#__codelineno-8-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-4" name = "__codelineno-8-4" href = "#__codelineno-8-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-5" name = "__codelineno-8-5" href = "#__codelineno-8-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > bool< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-6" name = "__codelineno-8-6" href = "#__codelineno-8-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-7" name = "__codelineno-8-7" href = "#__codelineno-8-7" > < / a > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-8" name = "__codelineno-8-8" href = "#__codelineno-8-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 当状态长度等于元素数量时，记录解< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-9" name = "__codelineno-8-9" href = "#__codelineno-8-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > length< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > length< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-10" name = "__codelineno-8-10" href = "#__codelineno-8-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > add< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > from< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ));< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-11" name = "__codelineno-8-11" href = "#__codelineno-8-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-12" name = "__codelineno-8-12" href = "#__codelineno-8-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-13" name = "__codelineno-8-13" href = "#__codelineno-8-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 遍历所有选择< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-14" name = "__codelineno-8-14" href = "#__codelineno-8-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > length< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-15" name = "__codelineno-8-15" href = "#__codelineno-8-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choice< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ];< / span >
2023-10-17 23:45:04 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-8-16" name = "__codelineno-8-16" href = "#__codelineno-8-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 剪枝：不允许重复选择元素< / span >
2023-10-06 14:10:31 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-8-17" name = "__codelineno-8-17" href = "#__codelineno-8-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > !< / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ])< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-18" name = "__codelineno-8-18" href = "#__codelineno-8-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 尝试：做出选择，更新状态< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-19" name = "__codelineno-8-19" href = "#__codelineno-8-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > true< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-20" name = "__codelineno-8-20" href = "#__codelineno-8-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > add< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > choice< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-21" name = "__codelineno-8-21" href = "#__codelineno-8-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 进行下一轮选择< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-22" name = "__codelineno-8-22" href = "#__codelineno-8-22" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-23" name = "__codelineno-8-23" href = "#__codelineno-8-23" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 回退：撤销选择，恢复到之前的状态< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-24" name = "__codelineno-8-24" href = "#__codelineno-8-24" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > false< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-25" name = "__codelineno-8-25" href = "#__codelineno-8-25" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > removeLast< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-26" name = "__codelineno-8-26" href = "#__codelineno-8-26" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-27" name = "__codelineno-8-27" href = "#__codelineno-8-27" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-28" name = "__codelineno-8-28" href = "#__codelineno-8-28" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-29" name = "__codelineno-8-29" href = "#__codelineno-8-29" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-30" name = "__codelineno-8-30" href = "#__codelineno-8-30" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 全排列 I */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-31" name = "__codelineno-8-31" href = "#__codelineno-8-31" > < / a > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > permutationsI< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-32" name = "__codelineno-8-32" href = "#__codelineno-8-32" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > [];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-33" name = "__codelineno-8-33" href = "#__codelineno-8-33" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > ([],< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > filled< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > length< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > false< / span > < span class = "p" > ),< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-34" name = "__codelineno-8-34" href = "#__codelineno-8-34" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-35" name = "__codelineno-8-35" href = "#__codelineno-8-35" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
2023-04-24 03:30:35 +08:00
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
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< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > permutations_i.rs< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-9-1" name = "__codelineno-9-1" href = "#__codelineno-9-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 回溯算法：全排列 I */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-2" name = "__codelineno-9-2" href = "#__codelineno-9-2" > < / a > < span class = "k" > fn< / span > < span class = "nf" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "k" > mut< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > : < span class = "nb" > Vec< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > : < span class = "kp" > & < / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "p" > ],< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > : < span class = "kp" > & < / span > < span class = "nc" > mut< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "kt" > bool< / span > < span class = "p" > ],< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > : < span class = "kp" > & < / span > < span class = "nc" > mut< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > Vec< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "nb" > Vec< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "o" > > > < / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-3" name = "__codelineno-9-3" href = "#__codelineno-9-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 当状态长度等于元素数量时，记录解< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-4" name = "__codelineno-9-4" href = "#__codelineno-9-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > len< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > len< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-5" name = "__codelineno-9-5" href = "#__codelineno-9-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-6" name = "__codelineno-9-6" href = "#__codelineno-9-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-7" name = "__codelineno-9-7" href = "#__codelineno-9-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-8" name = "__codelineno-9-8" href = "#__codelineno-9-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 遍历所有选择< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-9" name = "__codelineno-9-9" href = "#__codelineno-9-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > in< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "o" > ..< / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > len< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-10" name = "__codelineno-9-10" href = "#__codelineno-9-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choice< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ];< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-9-11" name = "__codelineno-9-11" href = "#__codelineno-9-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 剪枝：不允许重复选择元素< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-9-12" name = "__codelineno-9-12" href = "#__codelineno-9-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > !< / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-13" name = "__codelineno-9-13" href = "#__codelineno-9-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 尝试：做出选择，更新状态< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-14" name = "__codelineno-9-14" href = "#__codelineno-9-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > true< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-15" name = "__codelineno-9-15" href = "#__codelineno-9-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > choice< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-16" name = "__codelineno-9-16" href = "#__codelineno-9-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 进行下一轮选择< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-17" name = "__codelineno-9-17" href = "#__codelineno-9-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > clone< / span > < span class = "p" > (),< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-18" name = "__codelineno-9-18" href = "#__codelineno-9-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 回退：撤销选择，恢复到之前的状态< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-19" name = "__codelineno-9-19" href = "#__codelineno-9-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > false< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-20" name = "__codelineno-9-20" href = "#__codelineno-9-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > remove< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > len< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-21" name = "__codelineno-9-21" href = "#__codelineno-9-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-22" name = "__codelineno-9-22" href = "#__codelineno-9-22" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-23" name = "__codelineno-9-23" href = "#__codelineno-9-23" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-24" name = "__codelineno-9-24" href = "#__codelineno-9-24" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-25" name = "__codelineno-9-25" href = "#__codelineno-9-25" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 全排列 I */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-26" name = "__codelineno-9-26" href = "#__codelineno-9-26" > < / a > < span class = "k" > fn< / span > < span class = "nf" > permutations_i< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > : < span class = "kp" > & < / span > < span class = "nc" > mut< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "p" > ])< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > -> < span class = "nb" > Vec< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "nb" > Vec< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "o" > > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-27" name = "__codelineno-9-27" href = "#__codelineno-9-27" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > mut< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > Vec< / span > ::< span class = "n" > new< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 状态（子集）< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-28" name = "__codelineno-9-28" href = "#__codelineno-9-28" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nb" > Vec< / span > ::< span class = "n" > new< / span > < span class = "p" > (),< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > & < / span > < span class = "k" > mut< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "fm" > vec!< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "kc" > false< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > len< / span > < span class = "p" > ()],< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > & < / span > < span class = "k" > mut< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-29" name = "__codelineno-9-29" href = "#__codelineno-9-29" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-30" name = "__codelineno-9-30" href = "#__codelineno-9-30" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
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< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
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< div class = "tabbed-block" >
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< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > permutations_i.c< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-10-1" name = "__codelineno-10-1" href = "#__codelineno-10-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 回溯算法：全排列 I */< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-10-2" name = "__codelineno-10-2" href = "#__codelineno-10-2" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stateSize< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choicesSize< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > bool< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > **< / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > resSize< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-10-3" name = "__codelineno-10-3" href = "#__codelineno-10-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 当状态长度等于元素数量时，记录解< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-10-4" name = "__codelineno-10-4" href = "#__codelineno-10-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > stateSize< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choicesSize< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-10-5" name = "__codelineno-10-5" href = "#__codelineno-10-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > resSize< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "n" > malloc< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > choicesSize< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > sizeof< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ));< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-10-6" name = "__codelineno-10-6" href = "#__codelineno-10-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choicesSize< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-10-7" name = "__codelineno-10-7" href = "#__codelineno-10-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > resSize< / span > < span class = "p" > ][< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ];< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-10-8" name = "__codelineno-10-8" href = "#__codelineno-10-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
2023-10-17 23:45:04 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-10-9" name = "__codelineno-10-9" href = "#__codelineno-10-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > resSize< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
2023-10-06 14:10:31 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-10-10" name = "__codelineno-10-10" href = "#__codelineno-10-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-10-11" name = "__codelineno-10-11" href = "#__codelineno-10-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-10-12" name = "__codelineno-10-12" href = "#__codelineno-10-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 遍历所有选择< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-10-13" name = "__codelineno-10-13" href = "#__codelineno-10-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choicesSize< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-10-14" name = "__codelineno-10-14" href = "#__codelineno-10-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choice< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-10-15" name = "__codelineno-10-15" href = "#__codelineno-10-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 剪枝：不允许重复选择元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-10-16" name = "__codelineno-10-16" href = "#__codelineno-10-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > !< / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ])< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-10-17" name = "__codelineno-10-17" href = "#__codelineno-10-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 尝试：做出选择，更新状态< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-10-18" name = "__codelineno-10-18" href = "#__codelineno-10-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > true< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-10-19" name = "__codelineno-10-19" href = "#__codelineno-10-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > stateSize< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choice< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-10-20" name = "__codelineno-10-20" href = "#__codelineno-10-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 进行下一轮选择< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-10-21" name = "__codelineno-10-21" href = "#__codelineno-10-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stateSize< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choicesSize< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > resSize< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-10-22" name = "__codelineno-10-22" href = "#__codelineno-10-22" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 回退：撤销选择，恢复到之前的状态< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-10-23" name = "__codelineno-10-23" href = "#__codelineno-10-23" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > false< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-10-24" name = "__codelineno-10-24" href = "#__codelineno-10-24" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-10-25" name = "__codelineno-10-25" href = "#__codelineno-10-25" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-10-26" name = "__codelineno-10-26" href = "#__codelineno-10-26" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-10-27" name = "__codelineno-10-27" href = "#__codelineno-10-27" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-10-28" name = "__codelineno-10-28" href = "#__codelineno-10-28" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 全排列 I */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-10-29" name = "__codelineno-10-29" href = "#__codelineno-10-29" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > **< / span > < span class = "nf" > permutationsI< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > numsSize< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > returnSize< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-10-30" name = "__codelineno-10-30" href = "#__codelineno-10-30" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "n" > malloc< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > numsSize< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > sizeof< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ));< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-10-31" name = "__codelineno-10-31" href = "#__codelineno-10-31" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > bool< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > bool< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "n" > malloc< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > numsSize< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > sizeof< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > bool< / span > < span class = "p" > ));< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-10-32" name = "__codelineno-10-32" href = "#__codelineno-10-32" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > numsSize< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-10-33" name = "__codelineno-10-33" href = "#__codelineno-10-33" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > false< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-10-34" name = "__codelineno-10-34" href = "#__codelineno-10-34" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-10-35" name = "__codelineno-10-35" href = "#__codelineno-10-35" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > **< / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > **< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "n" > malloc< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > MAX_SIZE< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > sizeof< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "p" > ));< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-10-36" name = "__codelineno-10-36" href = "#__codelineno-10-36" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > returnSize< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-10-37" name = "__codelineno-10-37" href = "#__codelineno-10-37" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-10-38" name = "__codelineno-10-38" href = "#__codelineno-10-38" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > numsSize< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > returnSize< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-10-39" name = "__codelineno-10-39" href = "#__codelineno-10-39" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-10-40" name = "__codelineno-10-40" href = "#__codelineno-10-40" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > free< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-10-41" name = "__codelineno-10-41" href = "#__codelineno-10-41" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > free< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
2023-10-06 14:10:31 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-10-42" name = "__codelineno-10-42" href = "#__codelineno-10-42" > < / a >
2023-10-17 23:45:04 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-10-43" name = "__codelineno-10-43" href = "#__codelineno-10-43" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-10-44" name = "__codelineno-10-44" href = "#__codelineno-10-44" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
2023-06-02 02:38:32 +08:00
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
2023-07-26 10:57:52 +08:00
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
2024-03-25 22:43:19 +08:00
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > permutations_i.kt< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-11-1" name = "__codelineno-11-1" href = "#__codelineno-11-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 回溯算法：全排列 I */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-2" name = "__codelineno-11-2" href = "#__codelineno-11-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > fun< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-3" name = "__codelineno-11-3" href = "#__codelineno-11-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > MutableList< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > Int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-4" name = "__codelineno-11-4" href = "#__codelineno-11-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > IntArray< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-5" name = "__codelineno-11-5" href = "#__codelineno-11-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > BooleanArray< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span >
2024-04-07 03:05:20 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-11-6" name = "__codelineno-11-6" href = "#__codelineno-11-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > MutableList< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > MutableList< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > Int< / span > < span class = "o" > > ?> < / span >
2024-03-25 22:43:19 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-11-7" name = "__codelineno-11-7" href = "#__codelineno-11-7" > < / a > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-8" name = "__codelineno-11-8" href = "#__codelineno-11-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 当状态长度等于元素数量时，记录解< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-9" name = "__codelineno-11-9" href = "#__codelineno-11-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > size< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
2024-04-07 03:05:20 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-11-10" name = "__codelineno-11-10" href = "#__codelineno-11-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > add< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > toMutableList< / span > < span class = "p" > ())< / span >
2024-03-25 22:43:19 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-11-11" name = "__codelineno-11-11" href = "#__codelineno-11-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-12" name = "__codelineno-11-12" href = "#__codelineno-11-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-13" name = "__codelineno-11-13" href = "#__codelineno-11-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 遍历所有选择< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-14" name = "__codelineno-11-14" href = "#__codelineno-11-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > in< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > indices< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-15" name = "__codelineno-11-15" href = "#__codelineno-11-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > val< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nv" > choice< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "o" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-16" name = "__codelineno-11-16" href = "#__codelineno-11-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 剪枝：不允许重复选择元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-17" name = "__codelineno-11-17" href = "#__codelineno-11-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > !< / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "o" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-18" name = "__codelineno-11-18" href = "#__codelineno-11-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 尝试：做出选择，更新状态< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-19" name = "__codelineno-11-19" href = "#__codelineno-11-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "o" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > true< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-20" name = "__codelineno-11-20" href = "#__codelineno-11-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > add< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > choice< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-21" name = "__codelineno-11-21" href = "#__codelineno-11-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 进行下一轮选择< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-22" name = "__codelineno-11-22" href = "#__codelineno-11-22" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-23" name = "__codelineno-11-23" href = "#__codelineno-11-23" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 回退：撤销选择，恢复到之前的状态< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-24" name = "__codelineno-11-24" href = "#__codelineno-11-24" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "o" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > false< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-25" name = "__codelineno-11-25" href = "#__codelineno-11-25" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > removeAt< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > size< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-26" name = "__codelineno-11-26" href = "#__codelineno-11-26" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-27" name = "__codelineno-11-27" href = "#__codelineno-11-27" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-28" name = "__codelineno-11-28" href = "#__codelineno-11-28" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-29" name = "__codelineno-11-29" href = "#__codelineno-11-29" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-30" name = "__codelineno-11-30" href = "#__codelineno-11-30" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 全排列 I */< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-11-31" name = "__codelineno-11-31" href = "#__codelineno-11-31" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > fun< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > permutationsI< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > IntArray< / span > < span class = "p" > ):< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > MutableList< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > MutableList< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > Int< / span > < span class = "o" > > ?> < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-32" name = "__codelineno-11-32" href = "#__codelineno-11-32" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > val< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nv" > res< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > mutableListOf< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > MutableList< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > Int< / span > < span class = "o" > > ?> < / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-33" name = "__codelineno-11-33" href = "#__codelineno-11-33" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > mutableListOf< / span > < span class = "p" > (),< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > BooleanArray< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ),< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-11-34" name = "__codelineno-11-34" href = "#__codelineno-11-34" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-11-35" name = "__codelineno-11-35" href = "#__codelineno-11-35" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
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< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > permutations_i.rb< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-12-1" name = "__codelineno-12-1" href = "#__codelineno-12-1" > < / a > < span class = "o" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > class< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span > < span class = "p" > {}< / span > < span class = "o" > -[< / span > < span class = "n" > func< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "n" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-12-2" name = "__codelineno-12-2" href = "#__codelineno-12-2" > < / a >
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< a id = "__codelineno-12-3" name = "__codelineno-12-3" href = "#__codelineno-12-3" > < / a > < span class = "o" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > class< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span > < span class = "p" > {}< / span > < span class = "o" > -[< / span > < span class = "n" > func< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "n" > permutations_i< / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > permutations_i.zig< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-13-1" name = "__codelineno-13-1" href = "#__codelineno-13-1" > < / a > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > class< / span > < span class = "p" > ]{}< / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > func< / span > < span class = "p" > ]{< / span > < span class = "n" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-13-2" name = "__codelineno-13-2" href = "#__codelineno-13-2" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-13-3" name = "__codelineno-13-3" href = "#__codelineno-13-3" > < / a > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > class< / span > < span class = "p" > ]{}< / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > func< / span > < span class = "p" > ]{< / span > < span class = "n" > permutationsI< / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
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< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
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< / div >
< / div >
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< details class = "pythontutor" >
< summary > 可视化运行< / summary >
2024-01-09 16:00:33 +08:00
< p > < div style = "height: 549px; width: 100%;" > < iframe class = "pythontutor-iframe" src = "https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=def%20backtrack%28%0A%20%20%20%20state%3A%20list%5Bint%5D,%20choices%3A%20list%5Bint%5D,%20selected%3A%20list%5Bbool%5D,%20res%3A%20list%5Blist%5Bint%5D%5D%0A%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E5%9B%9E%E6%BA%AF%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%EF%BC%9A%E5%85%A8%E6%8E%92%E5%88%97%20I%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%BD%93%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81%E9%95%BF%E5%BA%A6%E7%AD%89%E4%BA%8E%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E6%95%B0%E9%87%8F%E6%97%B6%EF%BC%8C%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95%E8%A7%A3%0A%20%20%20%20if%20len%28state%29%20%3D%3D%20len%28choices%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20res.append%28list%28state%29%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20return%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E9%81%8D%E5%8E%86%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%0A%20%20%20%20for%20i,%20choice%20in%20enumerate%28choices%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%89%AA%E6%9E%9D%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%8D%E5%85%81%E8%AE%B8%E9%87%8D%E5%A4%8D%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20if%20not%20selected%5Bi%5D%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%B0%9D%E8%AF%95%EF%BC%9A%E5%81%9A%E5%87%BA%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%EF%BC%8C%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20selected%5Bi%5D%20%3D%20True%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20state.append%28choice%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%8B%E4%B8%80%E8%BD%AE%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20backtrack%28state,%20choices,%20selected,%20res%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%9B%9E%E9%80%80%EF%BC%9A%E6%92%A4%E9%94%80%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%EF%BC%8C%E6%81%A2%E5%A4%8D%E5%88%B0%E4%B9%8B%E5%89%8D%E7%9A%84%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20selected%5Bi%5D%20%3D%20False%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20state.pop%28%29%0A%0A%0Adef%20permutations_i%28nums%3A%20list%5Bint%5D%29%20-%3E%20list%5Blist%5Bint%5D%5D%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E5%85%A8%E6%8E%92%E5%88%97%20I%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%20%5B%5D%0A%20%20%20%20backtrack%28state%3D%5B%5D,%20choices%3Dnums,%20selected%3D%5BFalse%5D%20*%20len%28nums%29,%20res%3Dres%29%0A%20%20%20%20return%20res%0A%0A%0A%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20nums%20%3D%20%5B1,%202,%203%5D%0A%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%20permutations_i%28nums%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20print%28f%22%E8%BE%93%E5%85%A5%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%20nums%20%3D%20%7Bnums%7D%22%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28f%22%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E6%8E%92%E5%88%97%20res%20%3D%20%7Bres%7D%22%29&codeDivHeight=472&codeDivWidth=350&cumulative=false&curInstr=13&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false" > < / iframe > < / div >
< div style = "margin-top: 5px;" > < a href = "https://pythontutor.com/iframe-embed.html#code=def%20backtrack%28%0A%20%20%20%20state%3A%20list%5Bint%5D,%20choices%3A%20list%5Bint%5D,%20selected%3A%20list%5Bbool%5D,%20res%3A%20list%5Blist%5Bint%5D%5D%0A%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E5%9B%9E%E6%BA%AF%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%EF%BC%9A%E5%85%A8%E6%8E%92%E5%88%97%20I%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%BD%93%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81%E9%95%BF%E5%BA%A6%E7%AD%89%E4%BA%8E%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E6%95%B0%E9%87%8F%E6%97%B6%EF%BC%8C%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95%E8%A7%A3%0A%20%20%20%20if%20len%28state%29%20%3D%3D%20len%28choices%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20res.append%28list%28state%29%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20return%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E9%81%8D%E5%8E%86%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%0A%20%20%20%20for%20i,%20choice%20in%20enumerate%28choices%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%89%AA%E6%9E%9D%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%8D%E5%85%81%E8%AE%B8%E9%87%8D%E5%A4%8D%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20if%20not%20selected%5Bi%5D%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%B0%9D%E8%AF%95%EF%BC%9A%E5%81%9A%E5%87%BA%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%EF%BC%8C%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20selected%5Bi%5D%20%3D%20True%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20state.append%28choice%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%8B%E4%B8%80%E8%BD%AE%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20backtrack%28state,%20choices,%20selected,%20res%29%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%9B%9E%E9%80%80%EF%BC%9A%E6%92%A4%E9%94%80%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%EF%BC%8C%E6%81%A2%E5%A4%8D%E5%88%B0%E4%B9%8B%E5%89%8D%E7%9A%84%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20selected%5Bi%5D%20%3D%20False%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20state.pop%28%29%0A%0A%0Adef%20permutations_i%28nums%3A%20list%5Bint%5D%29%20-%3E%20list%5Blist%5Bint%5D%5D%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E5%85%A8%E6%8E%92%E5%88%97%20I%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%20%5B%5D%0A%20%20%20%20backtrack%28state%3D%5B%5D,%20choices%3Dnums,%20selected%3D%5BFalse%5D%20*%20len%28nums%29,%20res%3Dres%29%0A%20%20%20%20return%20res%0A%0A%0A%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20nums%20%3D%20%5B1,%202,%203%5D%0A%0A%20%20%20%20res%20%3D%20permutations_i%28nums%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20print%28f%22%E8%BE%93%E5%85%A5%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%20nums%20%3D%20%7Bnums%7D%22%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28f%22%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E6%8E%92%E5%88%97%20res%20%3D%20%7Bres%7D%22%29&codeDivHeight=800&codeDivWidth=600&cumulative=false&curInstr=13&heapPrimitives=nevernest&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener noreferrer" > 全屏观看 > < / a > < / div > < / p >
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< / details >
2023-08-19 22:07:40 +08:00
< h2 id = "1322" > 13.2.2 考虑相等元素的情况< a class = "headerlink" href = "#1322" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h2 >
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< div class = "admonition question" >
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< p class = "admonition-title" > Question< / p >
< p > 输入一个整数数组，< strong > 数组中可能包含重复元素< / strong > ，返回所有不重复的排列。< / p >
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< / div >
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< p > 假设输入数组为 < span class = "arithmatex" > \([1, 1, 2]\)< / span > 。为了方便区分两个重复元素 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(1\)< / span > ，我们将第二个 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(1\)< / span > 记为 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(\hat{1}\)< / span > 。< / p >
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< p > 如图 13-7 所示，上述方法生成的排列有一半是重复的。< / p >
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< p > < a class = "glightbox" href = "../permutations_problem.assets/permutations_ii.png" data-type = "image" data-width = "100%" data-height = "auto" data-desc-position = "bottom" > < img alt = "重复排列" class = "animation-figure" src = "../permutations_problem.assets/permutations_ii.png" / > < / a > < / p >
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< p align = "center" > 图 13-7 重复排列 < / p >
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< p > 那么如何去除重复的排列呢？最直接地，考虑借助一个哈希表，直接对排列结果进行去重。然而这样做不够优雅，< strong > 因为生成重复排列的搜索分支没有必要，应当提前识别并剪枝< / strong > ，这样可以进一步提升算法效率。< / p >
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< h3 id = "1_1" > 1. 相等元素剪枝< a class = "headerlink" href = "#1_1" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h3 >
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< p > 观察图 13-8 ，在第一轮中，选择 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(1\)< / span > 或选择 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(\hat{1}\)< / span > 是等价的，在这两个选择之下生成的所有排列都是重复的。因此应该把 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(\hat{1}\)< / span > 剪枝。< / p >
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< p > 同理，在第一轮选择 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(2\)< / span > 之后，第二轮选择中的 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(1\)< / span > 和 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(\hat{1}\)< / span > 也会产生重复分支，因此也应将第二轮的 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(\hat{1}\)< / span > 剪枝。< / p >
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< p > 从本质上看，< strong > 我们的目标是在某一轮选择中，保证多个相等的元素仅被选择一次< / strong > 。< / p >
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< p > < a class = "glightbox" href = "../permutations_problem.assets/permutations_ii_pruning.png" data-type = "image" data-width = "100%" data-height = "auto" data-desc-position = "bottom" > < img alt = "重复排列剪枝" class = "animation-figure" src = "../permutations_problem.assets/permutations_ii_pruning.png" / > < / a > < / p >
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< p align = "center" > 图 13-8 重复排列剪枝 < / p >
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< h3 id = "2_1" > 2. 代码实现< a class = "headerlink" href = "#2_1" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h3 >
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< p > 在上一题的代码的基础上，我们考虑在每一轮选择中开启一个哈希表 < code > duplicated< / code > ，用于记录该轮中已经尝试过的元素，并将重复元素剪枝：< / p >
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< div class = "tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs = "2:14" > < input checked = "checked" id = "__tabbed_2_1" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_2_2" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_2_3" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_2_4" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_2_5" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_2_6" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_2_7" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_2_8" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_2_9" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_2_10" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_2_11" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_2_12" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_2_13" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_2_14" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < div class = "tabbed-labels" > < label for = "__tabbed_2_1" > Python< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_2_2" > C++< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_2_3" > Java< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_2_4" > C#< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_2_5" > Go< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_2_6" > Swift< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_2_7" > JS< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_2_8" > TS< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_2_9" > Dart< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_2_10" > Rust< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_2_11" > C< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_2_12" > Kotlin< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_2_13" > Ruby< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_2_14" > Zig< / label > < / div >
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< div class = "tabbed-content" >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
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< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > permutations_ii.py< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-14-1" name = "__codelineno-14-1" href = "#__codelineno-14-1" > < / a > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "nf" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-2" name = "__codelineno-14-2" href = "#__codelineno-14-2" > < / a > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > list< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ],< / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > list< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ],< / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > list< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nb" > bool< / span > < span class = "p" > ],< / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > list< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nb" > list< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ]]< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-3" name = "__codelineno-14-3" href = "#__codelineno-14-3" > < / a > < span class = "p" > ):< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-4" name = "__codelineno-14-4" href = "#__codelineno-14-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "sd" > " " " 回溯算法：全排列 II" " " < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-5" name = "__codelineno-14-5" href = "#__codelineno-14-5" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # 当状态长度等于元素数量时，记录解< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-6" name = "__codelineno-14-6" href = "#__codelineno-14-6" > < / a > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "nb" > len< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "nb" > len< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > ):< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-7" name = "__codelineno-14-7" href = "#__codelineno-14-7" > < / a > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > append< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nb" > list< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ))< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-8" name = "__codelineno-14-8" href = "#__codelineno-14-8" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-9" name = "__codelineno-14-9" href = "#__codelineno-14-9" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # 遍历所有选择< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-10" name = "__codelineno-14-10" href = "#__codelineno-14-10" > < / a > < span class = "n" > duplicated< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "nb" > set< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ]()< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-11" name = "__codelineno-14-11" href = "#__codelineno-14-11" > < / a > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > choice< / span > < span class = "ow" > in< / span > < span class = "nb" > enumerate< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > ):< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-12" name = "__codelineno-14-12" href = "#__codelineno-14-12" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # 剪枝：不允许重复选择元素 且 不允许重复选择相等元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-13" name = "__codelineno-14-13" href = "#__codelineno-14-13" > < / a > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "ow" > not< / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "ow" > and< / span > < span class = "n" > choice< / span > < span class = "ow" > not< / span > < span class = "ow" > in< / span > < span class = "n" > duplicated< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-14" name = "__codelineno-14-14" href = "#__codelineno-14-14" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # 尝试：做出选择，更新状态< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-15" name = "__codelineno-14-15" href = "#__codelineno-14-15" > < / a > < span class = "n" > duplicated< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > add< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > choice< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "c1" > # 记录选择过的元素值< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-16" name = "__codelineno-14-16" href = "#__codelineno-14-16" > < / a > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "kc" > True< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-17" name = "__codelineno-14-17" href = "#__codelineno-14-17" > < / a > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > append< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > choice< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-18" name = "__codelineno-14-18" href = "#__codelineno-14-18" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # 进行下一轮选择< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-19" name = "__codelineno-14-19" href = "#__codelineno-14-19" > < / a > < span class = "n" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-20" name = "__codelineno-14-20" href = "#__codelineno-14-20" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # 回退：撤销选择，恢复到之前的状态< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-21" name = "__codelineno-14-21" href = "#__codelineno-14-21" > < / a > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "kc" > False< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-22" name = "__codelineno-14-22" href = "#__codelineno-14-22" > < / a > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > pop< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-23" name = "__codelineno-14-23" href = "#__codelineno-14-23" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-24" name = "__codelineno-14-24" href = "#__codelineno-14-24" > < / a > < span class = "k" > def< / span > < span class = "nf" > permutations_ii< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > list< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ])< / span > < span class = "o" > -> < / span > < span class = "nb" > list< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nb" > list< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ]]:< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-25" name = "__codelineno-14-25" href = "#__codelineno-14-25" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "sd" > " " " 全排列 II" " " < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-26" name = "__codelineno-14-26" href = "#__codelineno-14-26" > < / a > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-27" name = "__codelineno-14-27" href = "#__codelineno-14-27" > < / a > < span class = "n" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "p" > [],< / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "kc" > False< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "nb" > len< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ),< / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-14-28" name = "__codelineno-14-28" href = "#__codelineno-14-28" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span >
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< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
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< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > permutations_ii.cpp< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-15-1" name = "__codelineno-15-1" href = "#__codelineno-15-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 回溯算法：全排列 II */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-2" name = "__codelineno-15-2" href = "#__codelineno-15-2" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > vector< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > & < / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > vector< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > & < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > vector< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > bool< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > & < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > vector< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > vector< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > & < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-15-3" name = "__codelineno-15-3" href = "#__codelineno-15-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 当状态长度等于元素数量时，记录解< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-15-4" name = "__codelineno-15-4" href = "#__codelineno-15-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ())< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-5" name = "__codelineno-15-5" href = "#__codelineno-15-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > push_back< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-15-6" name = "__codelineno-15-6" href = "#__codelineno-15-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-7" name = "__codelineno-15-7" href = "#__codelineno-15-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-8" name = "__codelineno-15-8" href = "#__codelineno-15-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 遍历所有选择< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-15-9" name = "__codelineno-15-9" href = "#__codelineno-15-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > unordered_set< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > duplicated< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-10" name = "__codelineno-15-10" href = "#__codelineno-15-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-11" name = "__codelineno-15-11" href = "#__codelineno-15-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choice< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ];< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-15-12" name = "__codelineno-15-12" href = "#__codelineno-15-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 剪枝：不允许重复选择元素 且 不允许重复选择相等元素< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-15-13" name = "__codelineno-15-13" href = "#__codelineno-15-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > !< / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > & & < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > duplicated< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > find< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > choice< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > duplicated< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > end< / span > < span class = "p" > ())< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
2023-10-06 14:10:31 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-15-14" name = "__codelineno-15-14" href = "#__codelineno-15-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 尝试：做出选择，更新状态< / span >
2024-03-31 03:53:09 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-15-15" name = "__codelineno-15-15" href = "#__codelineno-15-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > duplicated< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > emplace< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > choice< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 记录选择过的元素值< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-16" name = "__codelineno-15-16" href = "#__codelineno-15-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > true< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-17" name = "__codelineno-15-17" href = "#__codelineno-15-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > push_back< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > choice< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
2023-10-06 14:10:31 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-15-18" name = "__codelineno-15-18" href = "#__codelineno-15-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 进行下一轮选择< / span >
2024-03-25 22:43:19 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-15-19" name = "__codelineno-15-19" href = "#__codelineno-15-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
2023-10-06 14:10:31 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-15-20" name = "__codelineno-15-20" href = "#__codelineno-15-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 回退：撤销选择，恢复到之前的状态< / span >
2024-03-31 03:53:09 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-15-21" name = "__codelineno-15-21" href = "#__codelineno-15-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > false< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-22" name = "__codelineno-15-22" href = "#__codelineno-15-22" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > pop_back< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
2023-10-06 14:10:31 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-15-23" name = "__codelineno-15-23" href = "#__codelineno-15-23" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-24" name = "__codelineno-15-24" href = "#__codelineno-15-24" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-25" name = "__codelineno-15-25" href = "#__codelineno-15-25" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-26" name = "__codelineno-15-26" href = "#__codelineno-15-26" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-27" name = "__codelineno-15-27" href = "#__codelineno-15-27" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 全排列 II */< / span >
2024-03-31 03:53:09 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-15-28" name = "__codelineno-15-28" href = "#__codelineno-15-28" > < / a > < span class = "n" > vector< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > vector< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > permutationsII< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > vector< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-29" name = "__codelineno-15-29" href = "#__codelineno-15-29" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > vector< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-30" name = "__codelineno-15-30" href = "#__codelineno-15-30" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > vector< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > bool< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > (),< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > false< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-31" name = "__codelineno-15-31" href = "#__codelineno-15-31" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > vector< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > vector< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-32" name = "__codelineno-15-32" href = "#__codelineno-15-32" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-33" name = "__codelineno-15-33" href = "#__codelineno-15-33" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-15-34" name = "__codelineno-15-34" href = "#__codelineno-15-34" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
2023-06-02 02:38:32 +08:00
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
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< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > permutations_ii.java< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-16-1" name = "__codelineno-16-1" href = "#__codelineno-16-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 回溯算法：全排列 II */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-2" name = "__codelineno-16-2" href = "#__codelineno-16-2" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > Integer< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > []< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > boolean< / span > < span class = "o" > []< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > Integer< / span > < span class = "o" > > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
2023-10-06 14:10:31 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-16-3" name = "__codelineno-16-3" href = "#__codelineno-16-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 当状态长度等于元素数量时，记录解< / span >
2024-03-31 03:53:09 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-16-4" name = "__codelineno-16-4" href = "#__codelineno-16-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > length< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-5" name = "__codelineno-16-5" href = "#__codelineno-16-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > add< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > ArrayList< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > Integer< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ));< / span >
2024-03-25 22:43:19 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-16-6" name = "__codelineno-16-6" href = "#__codelineno-16-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
2023-10-06 14:10:31 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-16-7" name = "__codelineno-16-7" href = "#__codelineno-16-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-8" name = "__codelineno-16-8" href = "#__codelineno-16-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 遍历所有选择< / span >
2024-03-31 03:53:09 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-16-9" name = "__codelineno-16-9" href = "#__codelineno-16-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Set< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > Integer< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > duplicated< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > HashSet< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > Integer< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-10" name = "__codelineno-16-10" href = "#__codelineno-16-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > length< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-11" name = "__codelineno-16-11" href = "#__codelineno-16-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choice< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "o" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
2023-10-06 14:10:31 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-16-12" name = "__codelineno-16-12" href = "#__codelineno-16-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 剪枝：不允许重复选择元素 且 不允许重复选择相等元素< / span >
2024-03-31 03:53:09 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-16-13" name = "__codelineno-16-13" href = "#__codelineno-16-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > !< / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "o" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > & & < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > !< / span > < span class = "n" > duplicated< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > contains< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > choice< / span > < span class = "p" > ))< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
2023-10-06 14:10:31 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-16-14" name = "__codelineno-16-14" href = "#__codelineno-16-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 尝试：做出选择，更新状态< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-16-15" name = "__codelineno-16-15" href = "#__codelineno-16-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > duplicated< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > add< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > choice< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 记录选择过的元素值< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-16" name = "__codelineno-16-16" href = "#__codelineno-16-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "o" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > true< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-17" name = "__codelineno-16-17" href = "#__codelineno-16-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > add< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > choice< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
2024-03-25 22:43:19 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-16-18" name = "__codelineno-16-18" href = "#__codelineno-16-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 进行下一轮选择< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-16-19" name = "__codelineno-16-19" href = "#__codelineno-16-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
2024-03-25 22:43:19 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-16-20" name = "__codelineno-16-20" href = "#__codelineno-16-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 回退：撤销选择，恢复到之前的状态< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-16-21" name = "__codelineno-16-21" href = "#__codelineno-16-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "o" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > false< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-22" name = "__codelineno-16-22" href = "#__codelineno-16-22" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > remove< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
2024-03-25 22:43:19 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-16-23" name = "__codelineno-16-23" href = "#__codelineno-16-23" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-24" name = "__codelineno-16-24" href = "#__codelineno-16-24" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-25" name = "__codelineno-16-25" href = "#__codelineno-16-25" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-26" name = "__codelineno-16-26" href = "#__codelineno-16-26" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-27" name = "__codelineno-16-27" href = "#__codelineno-16-27" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 全排列 II */< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-16-28" name = "__codelineno-16-28" href = "#__codelineno-16-28" > < / a > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > Integer< / span > < span class = "o" > > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > permutationsII< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > []< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-29" name = "__codelineno-16-29" href = "#__codelineno-16-29" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > Integer< / span > < span class = "o" > > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > ArrayList< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > Integer< / span > < span class = "o" > > > < / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-30" name = "__codelineno-16-30" href = "#__codelineno-16-30" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > ArrayList< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > Integer< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "p" > (),< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > boolean< / span > < span class = "o" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > length< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-16-31" name = "__codelineno-16-31" href = "#__codelineno-16-31" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-16-32" name = "__codelineno-16-32" href = "#__codelineno-16-32" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
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< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
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< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > permutations_ii.cs< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-17-1" name = "__codelineno-17-1" href = "#__codelineno-17-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 回溯算法：全排列 II */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-2" name = "__codelineno-17-2" href = "#__codelineno-17-2" > < / a > < span class = "k" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > Backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > bool< / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-17-3" name = "__codelineno-17-3" href = "#__codelineno-17-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 当状态长度等于元素数量时，记录解< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-17-4" name = "__codelineno-17-4" href = "#__codelineno-17-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > Count< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > Length< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-5" name = "__codelineno-17-5" href = "#__codelineno-17-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > Add< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ));< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-6" name = "__codelineno-17-6" href = "#__codelineno-17-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-17-7" name = "__codelineno-17-7" href = "#__codelineno-17-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-8" name = "__codelineno-17-8" href = "#__codelineno-17-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 遍历所有选择< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-17-9" name = "__codelineno-17-9" href = "#__codelineno-17-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > HashSet< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > duplicated< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > [];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-10" name = "__codelineno-17-10" href = "#__codelineno-17-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > Length< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-11" name = "__codelineno-17-11" href = "#__codelineno-17-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choice< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ];< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-17-12" name = "__codelineno-17-12" href = "#__codelineno-17-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 剪枝：不允许重复选择元素 且 不允许重复选择相等元素< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-17-13" name = "__codelineno-17-13" href = "#__codelineno-17-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > !< / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > & & < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > !< / span > < span class = "n" > duplicated< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > Contains< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > choice< / span > < span class = "p" > ))< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-17-14" name = "__codelineno-17-14" href = "#__codelineno-17-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 尝试：做出选择，更新状态< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-17-15" name = "__codelineno-17-15" href = "#__codelineno-17-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > duplicated< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > Add< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > choice< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 记录选择过的元素值< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-16" name = "__codelineno-17-16" href = "#__codelineno-17-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > true< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-17" name = "__codelineno-17-17" href = "#__codelineno-17-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > Add< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > choice< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-18" name = "__codelineno-17-18" href = "#__codelineno-17-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 进行下一轮选择< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-19" name = "__codelineno-17-19" href = "#__codelineno-17-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-20" name = "__codelineno-17-20" href = "#__codelineno-17-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 回退：撤销选择，恢复到之前的状态< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-21" name = "__codelineno-17-21" href = "#__codelineno-17-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > false< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-22" name = "__codelineno-17-22" href = "#__codelineno-17-22" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > RemoveAt< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > Count< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-23" name = "__codelineno-17-23" href = "#__codelineno-17-23" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-24" name = "__codelineno-17-24" href = "#__codelineno-17-24" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-25" name = "__codelineno-17-25" href = "#__codelineno-17-25" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-26" name = "__codelineno-17-26" href = "#__codelineno-17-26" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-27" name = "__codelineno-17-27" href = "#__codelineno-17-27" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 全排列 II */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-28" name = "__codelineno-17-28" href = "#__codelineno-17-28" > < / a > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > PermutationsII< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-29" name = "__codelineno-17-29" href = "#__codelineno-17-29" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > [];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-30" name = "__codelineno-17-30" href = "#__codelineno-17-30" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > ([],< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > bool< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > Length< / span > < span class = "p" > ],< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-31" name = "__codelineno-17-31" href = "#__codelineno-17-31" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-17-32" name = "__codelineno-17-32" href = "#__codelineno-17-32" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
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< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
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< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > permutations_ii.go< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-18-1" name = "__codelineno-18-1" href = "#__codelineno-18-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 回溯算法：全排列 II */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-2" name = "__codelineno-18-2" href = "#__codelineno-18-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > backtrackII< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > state< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > choices< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > selected< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span > < span class = "kt" > bool< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > res< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "p" > [][]< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-3" name = "__codelineno-18-3" href = "#__codelineno-18-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 当状态长度等于元素数量时，记录解< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-4" name = "__codelineno-18-4" href = "#__codelineno-18-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > len< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "nx" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > len< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "nx" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-5" name = "__codelineno-18-5" href = "#__codelineno-18-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > newState< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > append< / span > < span class = "p" > ([]< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > {},< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "nx" > state< / span > < span class = "o" > ...< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-6" name = "__codelineno-18-6" href = "#__codelineno-18-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "nx" > res< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > append< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "nx" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > newState< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-7" name = "__codelineno-18-7" href = "#__codelineno-18-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-8" name = "__codelineno-18-8" href = "#__codelineno-18-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 遍历所有选择< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-9" name = "__codelineno-18-9" href = "#__codelineno-18-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > duplicated< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > make< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kd" > map< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "kd" > struct< / span > < span class = "p" > {},< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-10" name = "__codelineno-18-10" href = "#__codelineno-18-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > len< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "nx" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-11" name = "__codelineno-18-11" href = "#__codelineno-18-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > choice< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "nx" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > )[< / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-12" name = "__codelineno-18-12" href = "#__codelineno-18-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 剪枝：不允许重复选择元素 且 不允许重复选择相等元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-13" name = "__codelineno-18-13" href = "#__codelineno-18-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > _< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > ok< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > duplicated< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > choice< / span > < span class = "p" > ];< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > !< / span > < span class = "nx" > ok< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > & & < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > !(< / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "nx" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > )[< / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-14" name = "__codelineno-18-14" href = "#__codelineno-18-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 尝试：做出选择，更新状态< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-15" name = "__codelineno-18-15" href = "#__codelineno-18-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 记录选择过的元素值< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-16" name = "__codelineno-18-16" href = "#__codelineno-18-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > duplicated< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > choice< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > struct< / span > < span class = "p" > {}{}< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-17" name = "__codelineno-18-17" href = "#__codelineno-18-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "nx" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > )[< / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > true< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-18" name = "__codelineno-18-18" href = "#__codelineno-18-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "nx" > state< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > append< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "nx" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > choice< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-19" name = "__codelineno-18-19" href = "#__codelineno-18-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 进行下一轮选择< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-20" name = "__codelineno-18-20" href = "#__codelineno-18-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > backtrackI< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-21" name = "__codelineno-18-21" href = "#__codelineno-18-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 回退：撤销选择，恢复到之前的状态< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-22" name = "__codelineno-18-22" href = "#__codelineno-18-22" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "nx" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > )[< / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > false< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-23" name = "__codelineno-18-23" href = "#__codelineno-18-23" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "nx" > state< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "nx" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > )[:< / span > < span class = "nb" > len< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "nx" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-24" name = "__codelineno-18-24" href = "#__codelineno-18-24" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-25" name = "__codelineno-18-25" href = "#__codelineno-18-25" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-26" name = "__codelineno-18-26" href = "#__codelineno-18-26" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-27" name = "__codelineno-18-27" href = "#__codelineno-18-27" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-28" name = "__codelineno-18-28" href = "#__codelineno-18-28" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 全排列 II */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-29" name = "__codelineno-18-29" href = "#__codelineno-18-29" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > permutationsII< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > [][]< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-30" name = "__codelineno-18-30" href = "#__codelineno-18-30" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > res< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > make< / span > < span class = "p" > ([][]< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-31" name = "__codelineno-18-31" href = "#__codelineno-18-31" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > state< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > make< / span > < span class = "p" > ([]< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-32" name = "__codelineno-18-32" href = "#__codelineno-18-32" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > selected< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > make< / span > < span class = "p" > ([]< / span > < span class = "kt" > bool< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > len< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ))< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-33" name = "__codelineno-18-33" href = "#__codelineno-18-33" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > backtrackII< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > & < / span > < span class = "nx" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > & < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > & < / span > < span class = "nx" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > & < / span > < span class = "nx" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-34" name = "__codelineno-18-34" href = "#__codelineno-18-34" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > res< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-18-35" name = "__codelineno-18-35" href = "#__codelineno-18-35" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
2023-04-24 03:30:35 +08:00
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
2024-03-31 03:53:09 +08:00
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > permutations_ii.swift< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-19-1" name = "__codelineno-19-1" href = "#__codelineno-19-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 回溯算法：全排列 II */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-2" name = "__codelineno-19-2" href = "#__codelineno-19-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "nf" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "kr" > inout< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > ],< / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > ],< / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "kr" > inout< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nb" > Bool< / span > < span class = "p" > ],< / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "kr" > inout< / span > < span class = "p" > [[< / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > ]])< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-3" name = "__codelineno-19-3" href = "#__codelineno-19-3" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // 当状态长度等于元素数量时，记录解< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-4" name = "__codelineno-19-4" href = "#__codelineno-19-4" > < / a > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "bp" > count< / span > < span class = "p" > ==< / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "bp" > count< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-5" name = "__codelineno-19-5" href = "#__codelineno-19-5" > < / a > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > append< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-6" name = "__codelineno-19-6" href = "#__codelineno-19-6" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-7" name = "__codelineno-19-7" href = "#__codelineno-19-7" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-8" name = "__codelineno-19-8" href = "#__codelineno-19-8" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // 遍历所有选择< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-9" name = "__codelineno-19-9" href = "#__codelineno-19-9" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > var< / span > < span class = "nv" > duplicated< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "n" > Set< / span > < span class = "p" > < < / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > > < / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-10" name = "__codelineno-19-10" href = "#__codelineno-19-10" > < / a > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > choice< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "k" > in< / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > enumerated< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-11" name = "__codelineno-19-11" href = "#__codelineno-19-11" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // 剪枝：不允许重复选择元素 且 不允许重复选择相等元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-12" name = "__codelineno-19-12" href = "#__codelineno-19-12" > < / a > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "o" > !< / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ],< / span > < span class = "o" > !< / span > < span class = "n" > duplicated< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "bp" > contains< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > choice< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-13" name = "__codelineno-19-13" href = "#__codelineno-19-13" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // 尝试：做出选择，更新状态< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-14" name = "__codelineno-19-14" href = "#__codelineno-19-14" > < / a > < span class = "n" > duplicated< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "bp" > insert< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > choice< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "c1" > // 记录选择过的元素值< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-15" name = "__codelineno-19-15" href = "#__codelineno-19-15" > < / a > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "kc" > true< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-16" name = "__codelineno-19-16" href = "#__codelineno-19-16" > < / a > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > append< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > choice< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-17" name = "__codelineno-19-17" href = "#__codelineno-19-17" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // 进行下一轮选择< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-18" name = "__codelineno-19-18" href = "#__codelineno-19-18" > < / a > < span class = "n" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "p" > & < / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "p" > & < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "p" > & < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-19" name = "__codelineno-19-19" href = "#__codelineno-19-19" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // 回退：撤销选择，恢复到之前的状态< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-20" name = "__codelineno-19-20" href = "#__codelineno-19-20" > < / a > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "kc" > false< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-21" name = "__codelineno-19-21" href = "#__codelineno-19-21" > < / a > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "bp" > removeLast< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-22" name = "__codelineno-19-22" href = "#__codelineno-19-22" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-23" name = "__codelineno-19-23" href = "#__codelineno-19-23" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-19-24" name = "__codelineno-19-24" href = "#__codelineno-19-24" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-25" name = "__codelineno-19-25" href = "#__codelineno-19-25" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-26" name = "__codelineno-19-26" href = "#__codelineno-19-26" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 全排列 II */< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-19-27" name = "__codelineno-19-27" href = "#__codelineno-19-27" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > func< / span > < span class = "nf" > permutationsII< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > ])< / span > < span class = "p" > -> < / span > < span class = "p" > [[< / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > ]]< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-28" name = "__codelineno-19-28" href = "#__codelineno-19-28" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > var< / span > < span class = "nv" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-29" name = "__codelineno-19-29" href = "#__codelineno-19-29" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > var< / span > < span class = "nv" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "nb" > Array< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > repeating< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "kc" > false< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "bp" > count< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "bp" > count< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-30" name = "__codelineno-19-30" href = "#__codelineno-19-30" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > var< / span > < span class = "nv" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "p" > [[< / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > ]]< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-31" name = "__codelineno-19-31" href = "#__codelineno-19-31" > < / a > < span class = "n" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "p" > & < / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "p" > & < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "p" > & < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-32" name = "__codelineno-19-32" href = "#__codelineno-19-32" > < / a > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-19-33" name = "__codelineno-19-33" href = "#__codelineno-19-33" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
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< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
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< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > permutations_ii.js< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-20-1" name = "__codelineno-20-1" href = "#__codelineno-20-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 回溯算法：全排列 II */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-2" name = "__codelineno-20-2" href = "#__codelineno-20-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > function< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-3" name = "__codelineno-20-3" href = "#__codelineno-20-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 当状态长度等于元素数量时，记录解< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-4" name = "__codelineno-20-4" href = "#__codelineno-20-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > length< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ===< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > length< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-5" name = "__codelineno-20-5" href = "#__codelineno-20-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > ([...< / span > < span class = "nx" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ]);< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-6" name = "__codelineno-20-6" href = "#__codelineno-20-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-7" name = "__codelineno-20-7" href = "#__codelineno-20-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-8" name = "__codelineno-20-8" href = "#__codelineno-20-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 遍历所有选择< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-9" name = "__codelineno-20-9" href = "#__codelineno-20-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > duplicated< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "ow" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > Set< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-10" name = "__codelineno-20-10" href = "#__codelineno-20-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > forEach< / span > < span class = "p" > ((< / span > < span class = "nx" > choice< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > => < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-11" name = "__codelineno-20-11" href = "#__codelineno-20-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 剪枝：不允许重复选择元素 且 不允许重复选择相等元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-12" name = "__codelineno-20-12" href = "#__codelineno-20-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > !< / span > < span class = "nx" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > & & < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > !< / span > < span class = "nx" > duplicated< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > has< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > choice< / span > < span class = "p" > ))< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-13" name = "__codelineno-20-13" href = "#__codelineno-20-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 尝试：做出选择，更新状态< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-14" name = "__codelineno-20-14" href = "#__codelineno-20-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > duplicated< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > add< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > choice< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 记录选择过的元素值< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-15" name = "__codelineno-20-15" href = "#__codelineno-20-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > true< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-16" name = "__codelineno-20-16" href = "#__codelineno-20-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > choice< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-17" name = "__codelineno-20-17" href = "#__codelineno-20-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 进行下一轮选择< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-18" name = "__codelineno-20-18" href = "#__codelineno-20-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-19" name = "__codelineno-20-19" href = "#__codelineno-20-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 回退：撤销选择，恢复到之前的状态< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-20" name = "__codelineno-20-20" href = "#__codelineno-20-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > false< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-21" name = "__codelineno-20-21" href = "#__codelineno-20-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > pop< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-22" name = "__codelineno-20-22" href = "#__codelineno-20-22" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-23" name = "__codelineno-20-23" href = "#__codelineno-20-23" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > });< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-24" name = "__codelineno-20-24" href = "#__codelineno-20-24" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-25" name = "__codelineno-20-25" href = "#__codelineno-20-25" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-26" name = "__codelineno-20-26" href = "#__codelineno-20-26" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 全排列 II */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-27" name = "__codelineno-20-27" href = "#__codelineno-20-27" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > function< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > permutationsII< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-28" name = "__codelineno-20-28" href = "#__codelineno-20-28" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > res< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > [];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-29" name = "__codelineno-20-29" href = "#__codelineno-20-29" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > ([],< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > Array< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > length< / span > < span class = "p" > ).< / span > < span class = "nx" > fill< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kc" > false< / span > < span class = "p" > ),< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-30" name = "__codelineno-20-30" href = "#__codelineno-20-30" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-20-31" name = "__codelineno-20-31" href = "#__codelineno-20-31" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
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< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
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< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > permutations_ii.ts< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-21-1" name = "__codelineno-21-1" href = "#__codelineno-21-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 回溯算法：全排列 II */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-2" name = "__codelineno-21-2" href = "#__codelineno-21-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > function< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-3" name = "__codelineno-21-3" href = "#__codelineno-21-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > state< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "p" > [],< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-4" name = "__codelineno-21-4" href = "#__codelineno-21-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > choices< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "p" > [],< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-5" name = "__codelineno-21-5" href = "#__codelineno-21-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > selected< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > boolean< / span > < span class = "p" > [],< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-6" name = "__codelineno-21-6" href = "#__codelineno-21-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > res< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "p" > [][]< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-7" name = "__codelineno-21-7" href = "#__codelineno-21-7" > < / a > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "ow" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-8" name = "__codelineno-21-8" href = "#__codelineno-21-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 当状态长度等于元素数量时，记录解< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-9" name = "__codelineno-21-9" href = "#__codelineno-21-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > length< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ===< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > length< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-10" name = "__codelineno-21-10" href = "#__codelineno-21-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > ([...< / span > < span class = "nx" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ]);< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-11" name = "__codelineno-21-11" href = "#__codelineno-21-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-12" name = "__codelineno-21-12" href = "#__codelineno-21-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-13" name = "__codelineno-21-13" href = "#__codelineno-21-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 遍历所有选择< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-14" name = "__codelineno-21-14" href = "#__codelineno-21-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > duplicated< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "ow" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > Set< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-15" name = "__codelineno-21-15" href = "#__codelineno-21-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > forEach< / span > < span class = "p" > ((< / span > < span class = "nx" > choice< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > => < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-16" name = "__codelineno-21-16" href = "#__codelineno-21-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 剪枝：不允许重复选择元素 且 不允许重复选择相等元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-17" name = "__codelineno-21-17" href = "#__codelineno-21-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > !< / span > < span class = "nx" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > & & < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > !< / span > < span class = "nx" > duplicated< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > has< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > choice< / span > < span class = "p" > ))< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-18" name = "__codelineno-21-18" href = "#__codelineno-21-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 尝试：做出选择，更新状态< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-19" name = "__codelineno-21-19" href = "#__codelineno-21-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > duplicated< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > add< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > choice< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 记录选择过的元素值< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-20" name = "__codelineno-21-20" href = "#__codelineno-21-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > true< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-21" name = "__codelineno-21-21" href = "#__codelineno-21-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > choice< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-22" name = "__codelineno-21-22" href = "#__codelineno-21-22" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 进行下一轮选择< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-23" name = "__codelineno-21-23" href = "#__codelineno-21-23" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-24" name = "__codelineno-21-24" href = "#__codelineno-21-24" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 回退：撤销选择，恢复到之前的状态< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-25" name = "__codelineno-21-25" href = "#__codelineno-21-25" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > false< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-26" name = "__codelineno-21-26" href = "#__codelineno-21-26" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > pop< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-27" name = "__codelineno-21-27" href = "#__codelineno-21-27" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-28" name = "__codelineno-21-28" href = "#__codelineno-21-28" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > });< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-29" name = "__codelineno-21-29" href = "#__codelineno-21-29" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-30" name = "__codelineno-21-30" href = "#__codelineno-21-30" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-31" name = "__codelineno-21-31" href = "#__codelineno-21-31" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 全排列 II */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-32" name = "__codelineno-21-32" href = "#__codelineno-21-32" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > function< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > permutationsII< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "p" > [])< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "p" > [][]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-33" name = "__codelineno-21-33" href = "#__codelineno-21-33" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > res< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "p" > [][]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > [];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-34" name = "__codelineno-21-34" href = "#__codelineno-21-34" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > ([],< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > Array< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > length< / span > < span class = "p" > ).< / span > < span class = "nx" > fill< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kc" > false< / span > < span class = "p" > ),< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-35" name = "__codelineno-21-35" href = "#__codelineno-21-35" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-21-36" name = "__codelineno-21-36" href = "#__codelineno-21-36" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
2023-04-24 03:30:35 +08:00
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
2023-07-26 10:57:52 +08:00
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
2024-03-31 03:53:09 +08:00
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > permutations_ii.dart< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-22-1" name = "__codelineno-22-1" href = "#__codelineno-22-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 回溯算法：全排列 II */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-2" name = "__codelineno-22-2" href = "#__codelineno-22-2" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-3" name = "__codelineno-22-3" href = "#__codelineno-22-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-4" name = "__codelineno-22-4" href = "#__codelineno-22-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-5" name = "__codelineno-22-5" href = "#__codelineno-22-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > bool< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-6" name = "__codelineno-22-6" href = "#__codelineno-22-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-7" name = "__codelineno-22-7" href = "#__codelineno-22-7" > < / a > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-8" name = "__codelineno-22-8" href = "#__codelineno-22-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 当状态长度等于元素数量时，记录解< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-9" name = "__codelineno-22-9" href = "#__codelineno-22-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > length< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > length< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-10" name = "__codelineno-22-10" href = "#__codelineno-22-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > add< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > from< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ));< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-11" name = "__codelineno-22-11" href = "#__codelineno-22-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-12" name = "__codelineno-22-12" href = "#__codelineno-22-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-13" name = "__codelineno-22-13" href = "#__codelineno-22-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 遍历所有选择< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-14" name = "__codelineno-22-14" href = "#__codelineno-22-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Set< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > duplicated< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {};< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-15" name = "__codelineno-22-15" href = "#__codelineno-22-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > length< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-16" name = "__codelineno-22-16" href = "#__codelineno-22-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choice< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-17" name = "__codelineno-22-17" href = "#__codelineno-22-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 剪枝：不允许重复选择元素 且 不允许重复选择相等元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-18" name = "__codelineno-22-18" href = "#__codelineno-22-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > !< / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > & & < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > !< / span > < span class = "n" > duplicated< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > contains< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > choice< / span > < span class = "p" > ))< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-19" name = "__codelineno-22-19" href = "#__codelineno-22-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 尝试：做出选择，更新状态< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-20" name = "__codelineno-22-20" href = "#__codelineno-22-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > duplicated< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > add< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > choice< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 记录选择过的元素值< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-21" name = "__codelineno-22-21" href = "#__codelineno-22-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > true< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-22" name = "__codelineno-22-22" href = "#__codelineno-22-22" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > add< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > choice< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-23" name = "__codelineno-22-23" href = "#__codelineno-22-23" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 进行下一轮选择< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-24" name = "__codelineno-22-24" href = "#__codelineno-22-24" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-25" name = "__codelineno-22-25" href = "#__codelineno-22-25" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 回退：撤销选择，恢复到之前的状态< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-26" name = "__codelineno-22-26" href = "#__codelineno-22-26" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > false< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-27" name = "__codelineno-22-27" href = "#__codelineno-22-27" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > removeLast< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-28" name = "__codelineno-22-28" href = "#__codelineno-22-28" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-29" name = "__codelineno-22-29" href = "#__codelineno-22-29" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-30" name = "__codelineno-22-30" href = "#__codelineno-22-30" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-31" name = "__codelineno-22-31" href = "#__codelineno-22-31" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-32" name = "__codelineno-22-32" href = "#__codelineno-22-32" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 全排列 II */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-33" name = "__codelineno-22-33" href = "#__codelineno-22-33" > < / a > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > permutationsII< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-34" name = "__codelineno-22-34" href = "#__codelineno-22-34" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > [];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-35" name = "__codelineno-22-35" href = "#__codelineno-22-35" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > ([],< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > List< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > filled< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > length< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > false< / span > < span class = "p" > ),< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-36" name = "__codelineno-22-36" href = "#__codelineno-22-36" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-22-37" name = "__codelineno-22-37" href = "#__codelineno-22-37" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
2024-03-25 22:43:19 +08:00
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
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< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > permutations_ii.rs< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-23-1" name = "__codelineno-23-1" href = "#__codelineno-23-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 回溯算法：全排列 II */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-2" name = "__codelineno-23-2" href = "#__codelineno-23-2" > < / a > < span class = "k" > fn< / span > < span class = "nf" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "k" > mut< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > : < span class = "nb" > Vec< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > : < span class = "kp" > & < / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "p" > ],< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > : < span class = "kp" > & < / span > < span class = "nc" > mut< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "kt" > bool< / span > < span class = "p" > ],< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > : < span class = "kp" > & < / span > < span class = "nc" > mut< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > Vec< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "nb" > Vec< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "o" > > > < / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
2024-03-25 22:43:19 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-23-3" name = "__codelineno-23-3" href = "#__codelineno-23-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 当状态长度等于元素数量时，记录解< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-23-4" name = "__codelineno-23-4" href = "#__codelineno-23-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > len< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > len< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-5" name = "__codelineno-23-5" href = "#__codelineno-23-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-6" name = "__codelineno-23-6" href = "#__codelineno-23-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-7" name = "__codelineno-23-7" href = "#__codelineno-23-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-8" name = "__codelineno-23-8" href = "#__codelineno-23-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 遍历所有选择< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-9" name = "__codelineno-23-9" href = "#__codelineno-23-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > mut< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > duplicated< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > HashSet< / span > ::< span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > ::< span class = "n" > new< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-10" name = "__codelineno-23-10" href = "#__codelineno-23-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > in< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "o" > ..< / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > len< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-11" name = "__codelineno-23-11" href = "#__codelineno-23-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choice< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-12" name = "__codelineno-23-12" href = "#__codelineno-23-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 剪枝：不允许重复选择元素 且 不允许重复选择相等元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-13" name = "__codelineno-23-13" href = "#__codelineno-23-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > !< / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > & & < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > !< / span > < span class = "n" > duplicated< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > contains< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > & < / span > < span class = "n" > choice< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-14" name = "__codelineno-23-14" href = "#__codelineno-23-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 尝试：做出选择，更新状态< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-15" name = "__codelineno-23-15" href = "#__codelineno-23-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > duplicated< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > insert< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > choice< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 记录选择过的元素值< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-16" name = "__codelineno-23-16" href = "#__codelineno-23-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > true< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-17" name = "__codelineno-23-17" href = "#__codelineno-23-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > choice< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-18" name = "__codelineno-23-18" href = "#__codelineno-23-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 进行下一轮选择< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-19" name = "__codelineno-23-19" href = "#__codelineno-23-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > clone< / span > < span class = "p" > (),< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-20" name = "__codelineno-23-20" href = "#__codelineno-23-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 回退：撤销选择，恢复到之前的状态< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-21" name = "__codelineno-23-21" href = "#__codelineno-23-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > false< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-22" name = "__codelineno-23-22" href = "#__codelineno-23-22" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > remove< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > len< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-23" name = "__codelineno-23-23" href = "#__codelineno-23-23" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-24" name = "__codelineno-23-24" href = "#__codelineno-23-24" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-25" name = "__codelineno-23-25" href = "#__codelineno-23-25" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-26" name = "__codelineno-23-26" href = "#__codelineno-23-26" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-27" name = "__codelineno-23-27" href = "#__codelineno-23-27" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 全排列 II */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-28" name = "__codelineno-23-28" href = "#__codelineno-23-28" > < / a > < span class = "k" > fn< / span > < span class = "nf" > permutations_ii< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > : < span class = "kp" > & < / span > < span class = "nc" > mut< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "p" > ])< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > -> < span class = "nb" > Vec< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "nb" > Vec< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > i32< / span > < span class = "o" > > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-29" name = "__codelineno-23-29" href = "#__codelineno-23-29" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > mut< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > Vec< / span > ::< span class = "n" > new< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-30" name = "__codelineno-23-30" href = "#__codelineno-23-30" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nb" > Vec< / span > ::< span class = "n" > new< / span > < span class = "p" > (),< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > & < / span > < span class = "k" > mut< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "fm" > vec!< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "kc" > false< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > len< / span > < span class = "p" > ()],< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > & < / span > < span class = "k" > mut< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-31" name = "__codelineno-23-31" href = "#__codelineno-23-31" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-23-32" name = "__codelineno-23-32" href = "#__codelineno-23-32" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > permutations_ii.c< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-24-1" name = "__codelineno-24-1" href = "#__codelineno-24-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 回溯算法：全排列 II */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-2" name = "__codelineno-24-2" href = "#__codelineno-24-2" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > void< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stateSize< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choicesSize< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > bool< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > **< / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > resSize< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-3" name = "__codelineno-24-3" href = "#__codelineno-24-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 当状态长度等于元素数量时，记录解< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-4" name = "__codelineno-24-4" href = "#__codelineno-24-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > stateSize< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choicesSize< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-5" name = "__codelineno-24-5" href = "#__codelineno-24-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > resSize< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "n" > malloc< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > choicesSize< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > sizeof< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ));< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-6" name = "__codelineno-24-6" href = "#__codelineno-24-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choicesSize< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-7" name = "__codelineno-24-7" href = "#__codelineno-24-7" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > resSize< / span > < span class = "p" > ][< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-8" name = "__codelineno-24-8" href = "#__codelineno-24-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-9" name = "__codelineno-24-9" href = "#__codelineno-24-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > resSize< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-10" name = "__codelineno-24-10" href = "#__codelineno-24-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-11" name = "__codelineno-24-11" href = "#__codelineno-24-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-12" name = "__codelineno-24-12" href = "#__codelineno-24-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 遍历所有选择< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-13" name = "__codelineno-24-13" href = "#__codelineno-24-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > bool< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > duplicated< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > MAX_SIZE< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "nb" > false< / span > < span class = "p" > };< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-14" name = "__codelineno-24-14" href = "#__codelineno-24-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choicesSize< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-15" name = "__codelineno-24-15" href = "#__codelineno-24-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choice< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-16" name = "__codelineno-24-16" href = "#__codelineno-24-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 剪枝：不允许重复选择元素 且 不允许重复选择相等元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-17" name = "__codelineno-24-17" href = "#__codelineno-24-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > !< / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > & & < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > !< / span > < span class = "n" > duplicated< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > choice< / span > < span class = "p" > ])< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-18" name = "__codelineno-24-18" href = "#__codelineno-24-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 尝试：做出选择，更新状态< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-19" name = "__codelineno-24-19" href = "#__codelineno-24-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > duplicated< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > choice< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > true< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 记录选择过的元素值< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-20" name = "__codelineno-24-20" href = "#__codelineno-24-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > true< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-21" name = "__codelineno-24-21" href = "#__codelineno-24-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > stateSize< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choice< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-22" name = "__codelineno-24-22" href = "#__codelineno-24-22" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 进行下一轮选择< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-23" name = "__codelineno-24-23" href = "#__codelineno-24-23" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > stateSize< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choicesSize< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > resSize< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-24" name = "__codelineno-24-24" href = "#__codelineno-24-24" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 回退：撤销选择，恢复到之前的状态< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-25" name = "__codelineno-24-25" href = "#__codelineno-24-25" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > false< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-26" name = "__codelineno-24-26" href = "#__codelineno-24-26" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-27" name = "__codelineno-24-27" href = "#__codelineno-24-27" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-28" name = "__codelineno-24-28" href = "#__codelineno-24-28" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-29" name = "__codelineno-24-29" href = "#__codelineno-24-29" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-30" name = "__codelineno-24-30" href = "#__codelineno-24-30" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 全排列 II */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-31" name = "__codelineno-24-31" href = "#__codelineno-24-31" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > **< / span > < span class = "nf" > permutationsII< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > numsSize< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > returnSize< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-32" name = "__codelineno-24-32" href = "#__codelineno-24-32" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "n" > malloc< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > numsSize< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > sizeof< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ));< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-33" name = "__codelineno-24-33" href = "#__codelineno-24-33" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > bool< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > bool< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "n" > malloc< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > numsSize< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > sizeof< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > bool< / span > < span class = "p" > ));< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-34" name = "__codelineno-24-34" href = "#__codelineno-24-34" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > numsSize< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ++< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-35" name = "__codelineno-24-35" href = "#__codelineno-24-35" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > false< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-36" name = "__codelineno-24-36" href = "#__codelineno-24-36" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-37" name = "__codelineno-24-37" href = "#__codelineno-24-37" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > **< / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > **< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "n" > malloc< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > MAX_SIZE< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > sizeof< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "p" > ));< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-38" name = "__codelineno-24-38" href = "#__codelineno-24-38" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > *< / span > < span class = "n" > returnSize< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-39" name = "__codelineno-24-39" href = "#__codelineno-24-39" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-40" name = "__codelineno-24-40" href = "#__codelineno-24-40" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > numsSize< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > returnSize< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-41" name = "__codelineno-24-41" href = "#__codelineno-24-41" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-42" name = "__codelineno-24-42" href = "#__codelineno-24-42" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > free< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-43" name = "__codelineno-24-43" href = "#__codelineno-24-43" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > free< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-44" name = "__codelineno-24-44" href = "#__codelineno-24-44" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-45" name = "__codelineno-24-45" href = "#__codelineno-24-45" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-24-46" name = "__codelineno-24-46" href = "#__codelineno-24-46" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > permutations_ii.kt< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-25-1" name = "__codelineno-25-1" href = "#__codelineno-25-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 回溯算法：全排列 II */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-2" name = "__codelineno-25-2" href = "#__codelineno-25-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > fun< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-3" name = "__codelineno-25-3" href = "#__codelineno-25-3" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > MutableList< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > Int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-4" name = "__codelineno-25-4" href = "#__codelineno-25-4" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > IntArray< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-5" name = "__codelineno-25-5" href = "#__codelineno-25-5" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > BooleanArray< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-6" name = "__codelineno-25-6" href = "#__codelineno-25-6" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > MutableList< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > MutableList< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > Int< / span > < span class = "o" > > ?> < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-7" name = "__codelineno-25-7" href = "#__codelineno-25-7" > < / a > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-8" name = "__codelineno-25-8" href = "#__codelineno-25-8" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 当状态长度等于元素数量时，记录解< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-9" name = "__codelineno-25-9" href = "#__codelineno-25-9" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > size< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
2024-04-07 03:05:20 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-25-10" name = "__codelineno-25-10" href = "#__codelineno-25-10" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > add< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > toMutableList< / span > < span class = "p" > ())< / span >
2024-03-31 03:53:09 +08:00
< a id = "__codelineno-25-11" name = "__codelineno-25-11" href = "#__codelineno-25-11" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-12" name = "__codelineno-25-12" href = "#__codelineno-25-12" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-13" name = "__codelineno-25-13" href = "#__codelineno-25-13" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 遍历所有选择< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-25-14" name = "__codelineno-25-14" href = "#__codelineno-25-14" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > val< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nv" > duplicated< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > HashSet< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > Int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-25-15" name = "__codelineno-25-15" href = "#__codelineno-25-15" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > for< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > in< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > indices< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-16" name = "__codelineno-25-16" href = "#__codelineno-25-16" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > val< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nv" > choice< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "o" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-17" name = "__codelineno-25-17" href = "#__codelineno-25-17" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 剪枝：不允许重复选择元素 且 不允许重复选择相等元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-18" name = "__codelineno-25-18" href = "#__codelineno-25-18" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "o" > !< / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "o" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > & & < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > !< / span > < span class = "n" > duplicated< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > contains< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > choice< / span > < span class = "p" > ))< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-19" name = "__codelineno-25-19" href = "#__codelineno-25-19" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 尝试：做出选择，更新状态< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-20" name = "__codelineno-25-20" href = "#__codelineno-25-20" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > duplicated< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > add< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > choice< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 记录选择过的元素值< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-21" name = "__codelineno-25-21" href = "#__codelineno-25-21" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "o" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > true< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-22" name = "__codelineno-25-22" href = "#__codelineno-25-22" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > add< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > choice< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-23" name = "__codelineno-25-23" href = "#__codelineno-25-23" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 进行下一轮选择< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-24" name = "__codelineno-25-24" href = "#__codelineno-25-24" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > choices< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-25" name = "__codelineno-25-25" href = "#__codelineno-25-25" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 回退：撤销选择，恢复到之前的状态< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-26" name = "__codelineno-25-26" href = "#__codelineno-25-26" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > selected< / span > < span class = "o" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > i< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kc" > false< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-27" name = "__codelineno-25-27" href = "#__codelineno-25-27" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > removeAt< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > state< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > size< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-28" name = "__codelineno-25-28" href = "#__codelineno-25-28" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-29" name = "__codelineno-25-29" href = "#__codelineno-25-29" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-30" name = "__codelineno-25-30" href = "#__codelineno-25-30" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-31" name = "__codelineno-25-31" href = "#__codelineno-25-31" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-32" name = "__codelineno-25-32" href = "#__codelineno-25-32" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 全排列 II */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-33" name = "__codelineno-25-33" href = "#__codelineno-25-33" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > fun< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nf" > permutationsII< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > IntArray< / span > < span class = "p" > ):< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > MutableList< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > MutableList< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > Int< / span > < span class = "o" > > ?> < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-25-34" name = "__codelineno-25-34" href = "#__codelineno-25-34" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > val< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nv" > res< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > mutableListOf< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > MutableList< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > Int< / span > < span class = "o" > > ?> < / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-35" name = "__codelineno-25-35" href = "#__codelineno-25-35" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > mutableListOf< / span > < span class = "p" > (),< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > BooleanArray< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > nums< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ),< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-25-36" name = "__codelineno-25-36" href = "#__codelineno-25-36" > < / a > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > return< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > res< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-25-37" name = "__codelineno-25-37" href = "#__codelineno-25-37" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
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< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
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< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > permutations_ii.rb< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-26-1" name = "__codelineno-26-1" href = "#__codelineno-26-1" > < / a > < span class = "o" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > class< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span > < span class = "p" > {}< / span > < span class = "o" > -[< / span > < span class = "n" > func< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "n" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-2" name = "__codelineno-26-2" href = "#__codelineno-26-2" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-26-3" name = "__codelineno-26-3" href = "#__codelineno-26-3" > < / a > < span class = "o" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > class< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span > < span class = "p" > {}< / span > < span class = "o" > -[< / span > < span class = "n" > func< / span > < span class = "o" > ]< / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "n" > permutations_ii< / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
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< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
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< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > permutations_ii.zig< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-27-1" name = "__codelineno-27-1" href = "#__codelineno-27-1" > < / a > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > class< / span > < span class = "p" > ]{}< / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > func< / span > < span class = "p" > ]{< / span > < span class = "n" > backtrack< / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-2" name = "__codelineno-27-2" href = "#__codelineno-27-2" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-27-3" name = "__codelineno-27-3" href = "#__codelineno-27-3" > < / a > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > class< / span > < span class = "p" > ]{}< / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > func< / span > < span class = "p" > ]{< / span > < span class = "n" > permutationsII< / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
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< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
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< / div >
< / div >
2024-01-07 03:26:32 +08:00
< details class = "pythontutor" >
< summary > 可视化运行< / summary >
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< / details >
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< p > 假设元素两两之间互不相同，则 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(n\)< / span > 个元素共有 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(n!\)< / span > 种排列（阶乘）；在记录结果时，需要复制长度为 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(n\)< / span > 的列表，使用 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(n)\)< / span > 时间。< strong > 因此时间复杂度为 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(n!n)\)< / span > < / strong > 。< / p >
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< p > 最大递归深度为 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(n\)< / span > ，使用 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(n)\)< / span > 栈帧空间。< code > selected< / code > 使用 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(n)\)< / span > 空间。同一时刻最多共有 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(n\)< / span > 个 < code > duplicated< / code > ，使用 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(n^2)\)< / span > 空间。< strong > 因此空间复杂度为 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(n^2)\)< / span > < / strong > 。< / p >
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< h3 id = "3" > 3. 两种剪枝对比< a class = "headerlink" href = "#3" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h3 >
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< p > 请注意，虽然 < code > selected< / code > 和 < code > duplicated< / code > 都用于剪枝，但两者的目标不同。< / p >
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< ul >
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< li > < strong > 重复选择剪枝< / strong > ：整个搜索过程中只有一个 < code > selected< / code > 。它记录的是当前状态中包含哪些元素，其作用是避免某个元素在 < code > state< / code > 中重复出现。< / li >
< li > < strong > 相等元素剪枝< / strong > ：每轮选择（每个调用的 < code > backtrack< / code > 函数）都包含一个 < code > duplicated< / code > 。它记录的是在本轮遍历（< code > for< / code > 循环）中哪些元素已被选择过，其作用是保证相等元素只被选择一次。< / li >
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< / ul >
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< p > 图 13-9 展示了两个剪枝条件的生效范围。注意，树中的每个节点代表一个选择，从根节点到叶节点的路径上的各个节点构成一个排列。< / p >
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< p > < a class = "glightbox" href = "../permutations_problem.assets/permutations_ii_pruning_summary.png" data-type = "image" data-width = "100%" data-height = "auto" data-desc-position = "bottom" > < img alt = "两种剪枝条件的作用范围" class = "animation-figure" src = "../permutations_problem.assets/permutations_ii_pruning_summary.png" / > < / a > < / p >
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< p align = "center" > 图 13-9 两种剪枝条件的作用范围 < / p >
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< a href = "https://github.com/krahets" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" title = "github.com" class = "md-social__link" >
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< svg xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox = "0 0 496 512" > <!-- ! Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2023 Fonticons, Inc. --> < path d = "M165.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6zm-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3zm44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9zM244.8 8C106.1 8 0 113.3 0 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C428.2 457.8 496 362.9 496 252 496 113.3 383.5 8 244.8 8zM97.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1zm-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7zm32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1zm-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9 1.6 2.3 4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3 1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2z" / > < / svg >
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< / a >
< a href = "https://twitter.com/krahets" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" title = "twitter.com" class = "md-social__link" >
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< svg xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox = "0 0 512 512" > <!-- ! Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2023 Fonticons, Inc. --> < path d = "M389.2 48h70.6L305.6 224.2 487 464H345L233.7 318.6 106.5 464H35.8l164.9-188.5L26.8 48h145.6l100.5 132.9L389.2 48zm-24.8 373.8h39.1L151.1 88h-42l255.3 333.8z" / > < / svg >
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< / a >
< a href = "https://leetcode.cn/u/jyd/" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" title = "leetcode.cn" class = "md-social__link" >
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< svg xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox = "0 0 640 512" > <!-- ! Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2023 Fonticons, Inc. --> < path d = "M392.8 1.2c-17-4.9-34.7 5-39.6 22l-128 448c-4.9 17 5 34.7 22 39.6s34.7-5 39.6-22l128-448c4.9-17-5-34.7-22-39.6zm80.6 120.1c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3l89.3 89.4-89.4 89.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l112-112c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-112-112c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0zm-306.7 0c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0l-112 112c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3l112 112c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0s12.5-32.8 0-45.3L77.3 256l89.4-89.4c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3z" / > < / svg >
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< / a >
< / div >
< / div >
< / div >
< / footer >
< / div >
< div class = "md-dialog" data-md-component = "dialog" >
< div class = "md-dialog__inner md-typeset" > < / div >
< / div >
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< script id = "__config" type = "application/json" > { "base" : "../.." , "features" : [ "announce.dismiss" , "content.action.edit" , "content.code.annotate" , "content.code.copy" , "content.tabs.link" , "content.tooltips" , "navigation.indexes" , "navigation.top" , "navigation.footer" , "navigation.tracking" , "search.highlight" , "search.share" , "search.suggest" , "toc.follow" ] , "search" : "../../assets/javascripts/workers/search.b8dbb3d2.min.js" , "translations" : { "clipboard.copied" : "\u5df2\u590d\u5236" , "clipboard.copy" : "\u590d\u5236" , "search.result.more.one" : "\u5728\u8be5\u9875\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6709 1 \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c" , "search.result.more.other" : "\u5728\u8be5\u9875\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6709 # \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c" , "search.result.none" : "\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c" , "search.result.one" : "\u627e\u5230 1 \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c" , "search.result.other" : "# \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c" , "search.result.placeholder" : "\u952e\u5165\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u641c\u7d22" , "search.result.term.missing" : "\u7f3a\u5c11" , "select.version" : "\u9009\u62e9\u5f53\u524d\u7248\u672c" } } < / script >
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< script src = "../../assets/javascripts/bundle.c18c5fb9.min.js" > < / script >
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< script src = "../../javascripts/mathjax.js" > < / script >
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< script src = "https://polyfill.io/v3/polyfill.min.js?features=es6" > < / script >
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< script src = "https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/3.2.2/es5/tex-mml-chtml.min.js" > < / script >
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< script > document $ . subscribe ( ( ) => { const lightbox = GLightbox ( { "touchNavigation" : true , "loop" : false , "zoomable" : true , "draggable" : false , "openEffect" : "zoom" , "closeEffect" : "zoom" , "slideEffect" : "none" } ) ; } ) < / script > < / body >
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< / html >
