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0.3. &nbsp; 小结
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1. &nbsp; 初识算法
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1. &nbsp; 初识算法
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1.1. &nbsp; 算法无处不在
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1.2. &nbsp; 算法是什么
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1.3. &nbsp; 小结
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2. &nbsp; 复杂度
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2. &nbsp; 复杂度
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2.1. &nbsp; 算法效率评估
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2.2. &nbsp; 时间复杂度
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2.3. &nbsp; 空间复杂度
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2.4. &nbsp; 小结
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3. &nbsp; 数据结构
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3. &nbsp; 数据结构
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3.1. &nbsp; 数据结构分类
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3.2. &nbsp; 基本数据类型
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3.3. &nbsp; 数字编码 *
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</a>
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3.4. &nbsp; 字符编码 *
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3.5. &nbsp; 小结
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</a>
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4. &nbsp; 数组与链表
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4.1. &nbsp; 数组
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4.2. &nbsp; 链表
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4.3. &nbsp; 列表
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4.4. &nbsp; 小结
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5. &nbsp; 栈与队列
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5.1. &nbsp;
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5.2. &nbsp; 队列
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5.3. &nbsp; 双向队列
</span>
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</a>
</li>
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<a href="../../chapter_stack_and_queue/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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5.4. &nbsp; 小结
</span>
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</a>
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6. &nbsp; 散列表
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6. &nbsp; 散列表
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<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_map/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
6.1. &nbsp; 哈希表
</span>
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</a>
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<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_collision/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
6.2. &nbsp; 哈希冲突
</span>
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</a>
</li>
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<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_algorithm/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
6.3. &nbsp; 哈希算法
</span>
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</a>
</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_hashing/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
6.4. &nbsp; 小结
</span>
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</a>
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</ul>
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7. &nbsp;
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7. &nbsp;
</label>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
7.1. &nbsp; 二叉树
</span>
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</a>
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<a href="../binary_tree_traversal/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
7.2. &nbsp; 二叉树遍历
</span>
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</a>
</li>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
7.3. &nbsp; 二叉树数组表示
</span>
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
<a href="./" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
7.3. &nbsp; 二叉树数组表示
</span>
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</a>
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目录
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<a href="#731" class="md-nav__link">
7.3.1. &nbsp; 表示完美二叉树
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</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#732" class="md-nav__link">
7.3.2. &nbsp; 表示任意二叉树
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</a>
</li>
<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#733" class="md-nav__link">
7.3.3. &nbsp; 优势与局限性
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</a>
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</ul>
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<a href="../binary_search_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
7.4. &nbsp; 二叉搜索树
</span>
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</a>
</li>
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<a href="../avl_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
7.5. &nbsp; AVL 树 *
</span>
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</a>
</li>
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<a href="../summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
7.6. &nbsp; 小结
</span>
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</a>
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8. &nbsp;
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8. &nbsp;
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8.1. &nbsp;
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</a>
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2023-04-17 21:00:28 +08:00
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
8.2. &nbsp; 建堆操作
</span>
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</a>
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2023-06-12 23:05:10 +08:00
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2023-06-12 23:05:10 +08:00
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
8.3. &nbsp; Top-K 问题
</span>
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</a>
</li>
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2023-04-17 21:00:28 +08:00
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2023-04-17 21:00:28 +08:00
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<a href="../../chapter_heap/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
8.4. &nbsp; 小结
</span>
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</a>
</li>
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<a href="../../chapter_graph/" class="md-nav__link ">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m12 5.37-.44-.06L6 14.9c.24.21.4.48.47.78h11.06c.07-.3.23-.57.47-.78l-5.56-9.59-.44.06M6.6 16.53l4.28 2.53c.29-.27.69-.43 1.12-.43.43 0 .83.16 1.12.43l4.28-2.53H6.6M12 22a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68-1.68l.09-.56-4.3-2.55c-.31.36-.76.58-1.27.58a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68-1.68c0-.79.53-1.45 1.26-1.64V9.36c-.83-.11-1.47-.82-1.47-1.68A1.68 1.68 0 0 1 4.63 6c.55 0 1.03.26 1.34.66l4.41-2.53-.06-.45c0-.93.75-1.68 1.68-1.68.93 0 1.68.75 1.68 1.68l-.06.45 4.41 2.53c.31-.4.79-.66 1.34-.66a1.68 1.68 0 0 1 1.68 1.68c0 .86-.64 1.57-1.47 1.68v5.11c.73.19 1.26.85 1.26 1.64a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68 1.68c-.51 0-.96-.22-1.27-.58l-4.3 2.55.09.56A1.68 1.68 0 0 1 12 22M10.8 4.86 6.3 7.44l.02.24c0 .71-.44 1.32-1.06 1.57l.03 5.25 5.51-9.64m2.4 0 5.51 9.64.03-5.25c-.62-.25-1.06-.86-1.06-1.57l.02-.24-4.5-2.58Z"/></svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
9. &nbsp;
</span>
</a>
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2023-07-17 17:51:12 +08:00
<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_10">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
</div>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_10_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_10">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
9. &nbsp;
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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2023-04-17 21:00:28 +08:00
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<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_graph/graph/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
9.1. &nbsp;
</span>
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</a>
</li>
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2023-04-17 21:00:28 +08:00
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<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_graph/graph_operations/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
9.2. &nbsp; 图基础操作
</span>
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</a>
</li>
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2023-04-17 21:00:28 +08:00
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2023-04-17 21:00:28 +08:00
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_graph/graph_traversal/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
9.3. &nbsp; 图的遍历
</span>
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</a>
</li>
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2023-07-17 17:51:12 +08:00
2023-04-17 21:00:28 +08:00
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_graph/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
9.4. &nbsp; 小结
</span>
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</a>
</li>
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2023-04-17 21:00:28 +08:00
2023-07-17 17:51:12 +08:00
</ul>
</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
2023-04-17 21:00:28 +08:00
2023-06-02 01:35:09 +08:00
2023-07-17 17:51:12 +08:00
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_11" >
2023-06-02 01:35:09 +08:00
2023-04-17 21:00:28 +08:00
2023-07-17 17:51:12 +08:00
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a href="../../chapter_searching/" class="md-nav__link ">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m19.31 18.9 3.08 3.1L21 23.39l-3.12-3.07c-.69.43-1.51.68-2.38.68-2.5 0-4.5-2-4.5-4.5s2-4.5 4.5-4.5 4.5 2 4.5 4.5c0 .88-.25 1.71-.69 2.4m-3.81.1a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 0-5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 0 5M21 4v2H3V4h18M3 16v-2h6v2H3m0-5V9h18v2h-2.03c-1.01-.63-2.2-1-3.47-1s-2.46.37-3.47 1H3Z"/></svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
10. &nbsp; 搜索
</span>
</a>
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2023-07-17 17:51:12 +08:00
<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_11">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
</div>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_11_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_11">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
10. &nbsp; 搜索
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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2023-04-17 21:00:28 +08:00
<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/binary_search/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
10.1. &nbsp; 二分查找
</span>
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</a>
</li>
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2023-04-17 21:00:28 +08:00
2023-07-17 17:51:12 +08:00
2023-04-17 21:00:28 +08:00
<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/binary_search_edge/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
10.2. &nbsp; 二分查找边界
</span>
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</a>
</li>
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2023-04-17 21:00:28 +08:00
2023-07-17 17:51:12 +08:00
2023-04-17 21:00:28 +08:00
<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/replace_linear_by_hashing/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
10.3. &nbsp; 哈希优化策略
</span>
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</a>
</li>
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2023-04-17 21:00:28 +08:00
2023-07-17 17:51:12 +08:00
2023-04-17 21:00:28 +08:00
<li class="md-nav__item">
2023-05-21 19:29:51 +08:00
<a href="../../chapter_searching/searching_algorithm_revisited/" class="md-nav__link">
2023-07-17 17:51:12 +08:00
<span class="md-ellipsis">
10.4. &nbsp; 重识搜索算法
</span>
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</a>
</li>
2023-07-17 17:51:12 +08:00
2023-04-17 21:00:28 +08:00
2023-07-17 17:51:12 +08:00
2023-04-17 21:00:28 +08:00
<li class="md-nav__item">
2023-05-21 19:29:51 +08:00
<a href="../../chapter_searching/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
2023-07-17 17:51:12 +08:00
<span class="md-ellipsis">
10.5. &nbsp; 小结
</span>
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</a>
</li>
2023-07-17 17:51:12 +08:00
2023-04-17 21:00:28 +08:00
2023-07-17 17:51:12 +08:00
</ul>
</nav>
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</li>
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2023-06-02 01:35:09 +08:00
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2023-05-24 00:32:47 +08:00
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2023-05-26 04:48:01 +08:00
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2023-07-17 17:51:12 +08:00
2023-05-21 19:29:51 +08:00
2023-07-17 17:51:12 +08:00
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
2023-05-21 19:29:51 +08:00
2023-06-02 01:35:09 +08:00
2023-07-17 17:51:12 +08:00
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_12" >
2023-06-02 01:35:09 +08:00
2023-05-21 19:29:51 +08:00
2023-07-17 17:51:12 +08:00
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/" class="md-nav__link ">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19 17h3l-4 4-4-4h3V3h2M2 17h10v2H2M6 5v2H2V5m0 6h7v2H2v-2Z"/></svg>
<span class="md-ellipsis">
11. &nbsp; 排序
</span>
</a>
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2023-07-17 17:51:12 +08:00
<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_12">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
</div>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_12_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_12">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
11. &nbsp; 排序
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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2023-04-17 21:00:28 +08:00
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/sorting_algorithm/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
11.1. &nbsp; 排序算法
</span>
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</a>
</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/selection_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
11.2. &nbsp; 选择排序
</span>
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</a>
</li>
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2023-05-24 00:32:47 +08:00
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/bubble_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
11.3. &nbsp; 冒泡排序
</span>
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</a>
</li>
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2023-04-17 21:00:28 +08:00
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2023-04-17 21:00:28 +08:00
<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/insertion_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
2023-07-17 17:51:12 +08:00
<span class="md-ellipsis">
11.4. &nbsp; 插入排序
</span>
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</a>
</li>
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2023-04-17 21:00:28 +08:00
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/quick_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
11.5. &nbsp; 快速排序
</span>
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</a>
</li>
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2023-05-21 19:29:51 +08:00
2023-07-17 17:51:12 +08:00
2023-05-21 19:29:51 +08:00
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/merge_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
11.6. &nbsp; 归并排序
</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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2023-05-26 04:48:01 +08:00
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/heap_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
11.7. &nbsp; 堆排序
</span>
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</a>
</li>
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2023-05-21 19:29:51 +08:00
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/bucket_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
11.8. &nbsp; 桶排序
</span>
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</a>
</li>
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2023-04-17 21:00:28 +08:00
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/counting_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
2023-07-17 17:51:12 +08:00
<span class="md-ellipsis">
11.9. &nbsp; 计数排序
</span>
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</a>
</li>
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2023-04-17 21:00:28 +08:00
<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/radix_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
2023-07-17 17:51:12 +08:00
<span class="md-ellipsis">
11.10. &nbsp; 基数排序
</span>
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</a>
</li>
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2023-04-17 21:00:28 +08:00
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
2023-07-17 17:51:12 +08:00
<span class="md-ellipsis">
11.11. &nbsp; 小结
</span>
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</a>
</li>
2023-07-17 17:51:12 +08:00
2023-04-17 21:00:28 +08:00
2023-07-17 17:51:12 +08:00
</ul>
</nav>
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</li>
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2023-07-17 04:21:02 +08:00
2023-07-16 04:19:01 +08:00
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
2023-07-16 04:19:01 +08:00
2023-07-17 17:51:12 +08:00
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_13" >
2023-07-16 04:19:01 +08:00
2023-07-17 17:51:12 +08:00
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
<a href="../../chapter_divide_and_conquer/" class="md-nav__link ">
2023-07-19 16:10:17 +08:00
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M17 7v2h5V7h-5M2 9v6h5V9H2m10 0v2H9v2h3v2l3-3-3-3m5 2v2h5v-2h-5m0 4v2h5v-2h-5Z"/></svg>
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
12. &nbsp; 分治
</span>
2023-07-17 18:38:57 +08:00
<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="最近添加">
</span>
2023-07-17 17:51:12 +08:00
</a>
2023-07-16 04:19:01 +08:00
2023-07-17 17:51:12 +08:00
<label class="md-nav__link " for="__nav_13">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
</label>
</div>
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_13_label" aria-expanded="false">
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_13">
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
12. &nbsp; 分治
</label>
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
2023-07-16 04:19:01 +08:00
2023-07-17 17:51:12 +08:00
2023-07-16 04:19:01 +08:00
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_divide_and_conquer/divide_and_conquer/" class="md-nav__link">
2023-07-17 17:51:12 +08:00
<span class="md-ellipsis">
12.1. &nbsp; 分治算法
</span>
<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="最近添加">
</span>
2023-07-16 04:19:01 +08:00
</a>
</li>
2023-07-17 17:51:12 +08:00
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2023-07-17 17:51:12 +08:00
2023-07-16 04:19:01 +08:00
2023-07-17 04:21:02 +08:00
<li class="md-nav__item">
<a href="../../chapter_divide_and_conquer/binary_search_recur/" class="md-nav__link">
2023-07-17 17:51:12 +08:00
<span class="md-ellipsis">
12.2. &nbsp; 分治搜索策略
</span>
<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="最近添加">
</span>
2023-07-17 04:21:02 +08:00
</a>
</li>
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2023-07-17 04:21:02 +08:00
2023-07-17 17:51:12 +08:00
2023-07-17 04:21:02 +08:00
2023-07-16 04:19:01 +08:00
<li class="md-nav__item">
2023-07-17 02:17:51 +08:00
<a href="../../chapter_divide_and_conquer/build_binary_tree_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
12.3. &nbsp; 构建树问题
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12.4. &nbsp; 汉诺塔问题
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13.2. &nbsp; 全排列问题
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13.3. &nbsp; 子集和问题
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13.4. &nbsp; N 皇后问题
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13.5. &nbsp; 小结
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14. &nbsp; 动态规划
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14.2. &nbsp; DP 问题特性
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14.3. &nbsp; DP 解题思路
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14.4. &nbsp; 0-1 背包问题
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14.5. &nbsp; 完全背包问题
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14.6. &nbsp; 编辑距离问题
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7.3.1. &nbsp; 表示完美二叉树
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7.3.2. &nbsp; 表示任意二叉树
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7.3.3. &nbsp; 优势与局限性
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<h1 id="73">7.3. &nbsp; 二叉树数组表示<a class="headerlink" href="#73" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
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<p>在链表表示下,二叉树的存储单元为节点 <code>TreeNode</code> ,节点之间通过指针相连接。在上节中,我们学习了在链表表示下的二叉树的各项基本操作。</p>
<p>那么,能否用「数组」来表示二叉树呢?答案是肯定的。</p>
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<h2 id="731">7.3.1. &nbsp; 表示完美二叉树<a class="headerlink" href="#731" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
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<p>先分析一个简单案例。给定一个完美二叉树,我们将所有节点按照层序遍历的顺序存储在一个数组中,则每个节点都对应唯一的数组索引。</p>
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<p>根据层序遍历的特性,我们可以推导出父节点索引与子节点索引之间的“映射公式”:<strong>若节点的索引为 <span class="arithmatex">\(i\)</span> ,则该节点的左子节点索引为 <span class="arithmatex">\(2i + 1\)</span> ,右子节点索引为 <span class="arithmatex">\(2i + 2\)</span></strong></p>
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<p><img alt="完美二叉树的数组表示" src="../array_representation_of_tree.assets/array_representation_binary_tree.png" /></p>
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<p align="center"> Fig. 完美二叉树的数组表示 </p>
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<p><strong>映射公式的角色相当于链表中的指针</strong>。给定数组中的任意一个节点,我们都可以通过映射公式来访问它的左(右)子节点。</p>
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<h2 id="732">7.3.2. &nbsp; 表示任意二叉树<a class="headerlink" href="#732" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
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<p>然而完美二叉树是一个特例,在二叉树的中间层,通常存在许多 <span class="arithmatex">\(\text{None}\)</span> 。由于层序遍历序列并不包含这些 <span class="arithmatex">\(\text{None}\)</span> ,因此我们无法仅凭该序列来推测 <span class="arithmatex">\(\text{None}\)</span> 的数量和分布位置。<strong>这意味着存在多种二叉树结构都符合该层序遍历序列</strong>。显然在这种情况下,上述的数组表示方法已经失效。</p>
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<p><img alt="层序遍历序列对应多种二叉树可能性" src="../array_representation_of_tree.assets/array_representation_without_empty.png" /></p>
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<p align="center"> Fig. 层序遍历序列对应多种二叉树可能性 </p>
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<p>为了解决此问题,<strong>我们可以考虑在层序遍历序列中显式地写出所有 <span class="arithmatex">\(\text{None}\)</span></strong> 。如下图所示,这样处理后,层序遍历序列就可以唯一表示二叉树了。</p>
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<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="1:11"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_1_1" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_2" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_3" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_4" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_5" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_6" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_7" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_8" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_9" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_10" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_11" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_1_1">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_1_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_1_3">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_1_4">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_1_5">JavaScript</label><label for="__tabbed_1_6">TypeScript</label><label for="__tabbed_1_7">C</label><label for="__tabbed_1_8">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_1_9">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_1_10">Zig</label><label for="__tabbed_1_11">Dart</label></div>
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<div class="tabbed-content">
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 二叉树的数组表示 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2" href="#__codelineno-0-2"></a><span class="c1">// 使用 int 的包装类 Integer ,就可以使用 null 来标记空位</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-3" name="__codelineno-0-3" href="#__codelineno-0-3"></a><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tree</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">9</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">};</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 二叉树的数组表示 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-2" name="__codelineno-1-2" href="#__codelineno-1-2"></a><span class="c1">// 使用 int 最大值 INT_MAX 标记空位</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-1-3" name="__codelineno-1-3" href="#__codelineno-1-3"></a><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tree</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">INT_MAX</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">9</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">INT_MAX</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">INT_MAX</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">INT_MAX</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">INT_MAX</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">};</span>
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</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a><span class="c1"># 二叉树的数组表示</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-2" name="__codelineno-2-2" href="#__codelineno-2-2"></a><span class="c1"># 使用 None 来表示空位</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-2-3" name="__codelineno-2-3" href="#__codelineno-2-3"></a><span class="n">tree</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">9</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">]</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1" href="#__codelineno-3-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 二叉树的数组表示 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-2" name="__codelineno-3-2" href="#__codelineno-3-2"></a><span class="c1">// 使用 any 类型的切片, 就可以使用 nil 来标记空位</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-3" name="__codelineno-3-3" href="#__codelineno-3-3"></a><span class="nx">tree</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">any</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">nil</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">9</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">nil</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">nil</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">nil</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">nil</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-4-1" name="__codelineno-4-1" href="#__codelineno-4-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 二叉树的数组表示 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-2" name="__codelineno-4-2" href="#__codelineno-4-2"></a><span class="c1">// 使用 null 来表示空位</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-4-3" name="__codelineno-4-3" href="#__codelineno-4-3"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">tree</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">6</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">7</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">8</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">9</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">12</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">15</span><span class="p">];</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1" href="#__codelineno-5-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 二叉树的数组表示 */</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-2" name="__codelineno-5-2" href="#__codelineno-5-2"></a><span class="c1">// 使用 null 来表示空位</span>
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<a id="__codelineno-5-3" name="__codelineno-5-3" href="#__codelineno-5-3"></a><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">tree</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">)[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">6</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">7</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">8</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">9</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">12</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">15</span><span class="p">];</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-6-1" name="__codelineno-6-1" href="#__codelineno-6-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 二叉树的数组表示 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-2" name="__codelineno-6-2" href="#__codelineno-6-2"></a><span class="c1">// 使用 int 最大值标记空位,因此要求节点值不能为 INT_MAX</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-3" name="__codelineno-6-3" href="#__codelineno-6-3"></a><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tree</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">INT_MAX</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">9</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">INT_MAX</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">INT_MAX</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">INT_MAX</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">INT_MAX</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">};</span>
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</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-7-1" name="__codelineno-7-1" href="#__codelineno-7-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 二叉树的数组表示 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-2" name="__codelineno-7-2" href="#__codelineno-7-2"></a><span class="c1">// 使用 int? 可空类型 ,就可以使用 null 来标记空位</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-3" name="__codelineno-7-3" href="#__codelineno-7-3"></a><span class="kt">int?</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tree</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">6</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">7</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">8</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">9</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">12</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">15</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">};</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-8-1" name="__codelineno-8-1" href="#__codelineno-8-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 二叉树的数组表示 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-2" name="__codelineno-8-2" href="#__codelineno-8-2"></a><span class="c1">// 使用 Int? 可空类型 ,就可以使用 nil 来标记空位</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-3" name="__codelineno-8-3" href="#__codelineno-8-3"></a><span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">tree</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">?]</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">nil</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">9</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">nil</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">nil</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">nil</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">nil</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">15</span><span class="p">]</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-9-1" name="__codelineno-9-1" href="#__codelineno-9-1"></a>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
2023-06-02 02:38:32 +08:00
<div class="tabbed-block">
2023-06-02 15:07:41 +08:00
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-10-1" name="__codelineno-10-1" href="#__codelineno-10-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 二叉树的数组表示 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-10-2" name="__codelineno-10-2" href="#__codelineno-10-2"></a><span class="c1">// 使用 int? 可空类型 ,就可以使用 null 来标记空位</span>
<a id="__codelineno-10-3" name="__codelineno-10-3" href="#__codelineno-10-3"></a><span class="n">List</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">?&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tree</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">6</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">7</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">8</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">9</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">12</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">15</span><span class="p">];</span>
2023-06-02 02:38:32 +08:00
</code></pre></div>
</div>
2023-04-17 21:00:28 +08:00
</div>
</div>
2023-06-17 00:46:16 +08:00
<p><img alt="任意类型二叉树的数组表示" src="../array_representation_of_tree.assets/array_representation_with_empty.png" /></p>
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<p align="center"> Fig. 任意类型二叉树的数组表示 </p>
2023-07-24 03:03:58 +08:00
<p>值得说明的是,<strong>完全二叉树非常适合使用数组来表示</strong>。回顾完全二叉树的定义,<span class="arithmatex">\(\text{None}\)</span> 只出现在最底层且靠右的位置,<strong>因此所有 <span class="arithmatex">\(\text{None}\)</span> 一定出现在层序遍历序列的末尾</strong>。这意味着使用数组表示完全二叉树时,可以省略存储所有 <span class="arithmatex">\(\text{None}\)</span> ,非常方便。</p>
<p><img alt="完全二叉树的数组表示" src="../array_representation_of_tree.assets/array_representation_complete_binary_tree.png" /></p>
<p align="center"> Fig. 完全二叉树的数组表示 </p>
<p>如下代码给出了数组表示下的二叉树的简单实现,包括以下操作:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>给定某节点,获取它的值、左(右)子节点、父节点;</li>
<li>获取前序遍历、中序遍历、后序遍历、层序遍历序列;</li>
2023-07-19 16:10:17 +08:00
</ul>
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_binary_tree.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-11-1" name="__codelineno-11-1" href="#__codelineno-11-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 数组表示下的二叉树类 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-2" name="__codelineno-11-2" href="#__codelineno-11-2"></a><span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">ArrayBinaryTree</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-3" name="__codelineno-11-3" href="#__codelineno-11-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tree</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-4" name="__codelineno-11-4" href="#__codelineno-11-4"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-11-5" name="__codelineno-11-5" href="#__codelineno-11-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 构造方法 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-6" name="__codelineno-11-6" href="#__codelineno-11-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">ArrayBinaryTree</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-7" name="__codelineno-11-7" href="#__codelineno-11-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tree</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ArrayList</span><span class="o">&lt;&gt;</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-8" name="__codelineno-11-8" href="#__codelineno-11-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-9" name="__codelineno-11-9" href="#__codelineno-11-9"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-11-10" name="__codelineno-11-10" href="#__codelineno-11-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 节点数量 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-11" name="__codelineno-11-11" href="#__codelineno-11-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-12" name="__codelineno-11-12" href="#__codelineno-11-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tree</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">size</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-13" name="__codelineno-11-13" href="#__codelineno-11-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-14" name="__codelineno-11-14" href="#__codelineno-11-14"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-11-15" name="__codelineno-11-15" href="#__codelineno-11-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 获取索引为 i 节点的值 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-16" name="__codelineno-11-16" href="#__codelineno-11-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">val</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-17" name="__codelineno-11-17" href="#__codelineno-11-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若索引越界,则返回 null ,代表空位</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-18" name="__codelineno-11-18" href="#__codelineno-11-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">())</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-19" name="__codelineno-11-19" href="#__codelineno-11-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-20" name="__codelineno-11-20" href="#__codelineno-11-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tree</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-21" name="__codelineno-11-21" href="#__codelineno-11-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-22" name="__codelineno-11-22" href="#__codelineno-11-22"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-11-23" name="__codelineno-11-23" href="#__codelineno-11-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 获取索引为 i 节点的左子节点的索引 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-24" name="__codelineno-11-24" href="#__codelineno-11-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-25" name="__codelineno-11-25" href="#__codelineno-11-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-26" name="__codelineno-11-26" href="#__codelineno-11-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-27" name="__codelineno-11-27" href="#__codelineno-11-27"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-11-28" name="__codelineno-11-28" href="#__codelineno-11-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 获取索引为 i 节点的右子节点的索引 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-29" name="__codelineno-11-29" href="#__codelineno-11-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-30" name="__codelineno-11-30" href="#__codelineno-11-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-31" name="__codelineno-11-31" href="#__codelineno-11-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-32" name="__codelineno-11-32" href="#__codelineno-11-32"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-11-33" name="__codelineno-11-33" href="#__codelineno-11-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 获取索引为 i 节点的父节点的索引 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-34" name="__codelineno-11-34" href="#__codelineno-11-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">parent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-35" name="__codelineno-11-35" href="#__codelineno-11-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-36" name="__codelineno-11-36" href="#__codelineno-11-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-37" name="__codelineno-11-37" href="#__codelineno-11-37"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-11-38" name="__codelineno-11-38" href="#__codelineno-11-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 层序遍历 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-39" name="__codelineno-11-39" href="#__codelineno-11-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">levelOrder</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-40" name="__codelineno-11-40" href="#__codelineno-11-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ArrayList</span><span class="o">&lt;&gt;</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-41" name="__codelineno-11-41" href="#__codelineno-11-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 直接遍历数组</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-42" name="__codelineno-11-42" href="#__codelineno-11-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-43" name="__codelineno-11-43" href="#__codelineno-11-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-44" name="__codelineno-11-44" href="#__codelineno-11-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">));</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-45" name="__codelineno-11-45" href="#__codelineno-11-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-46" name="__codelineno-11-46" href="#__codelineno-11-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-47" name="__codelineno-11-47" href="#__codelineno-11-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-48" name="__codelineno-11-48" href="#__codelineno-11-48"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-11-49" name="__codelineno-11-49" href="#__codelineno-11-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 深度优先遍历 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-50" name="__codelineno-11-50" href="#__codelineno-11-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">dfs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">order</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-51" name="__codelineno-11-51" href="#__codelineno-11-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若为空位,则返回</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-52" name="__codelineno-11-52" href="#__codelineno-11-52"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">null</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-53" name="__codelineno-11-53" href="#__codelineno-11-53"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-54" name="__codelineno-11-54" href="#__codelineno-11-54"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 前序遍历</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-55" name="__codelineno-11-55" href="#__codelineno-11-55"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">order</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;pre&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-56" name="__codelineno-11-56" href="#__codelineno-11-56"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">));</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-57" name="__codelineno-11-57" href="#__codelineno-11-57"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dfs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">order</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-58" name="__codelineno-11-58" href="#__codelineno-11-58"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 中序遍历</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-59" name="__codelineno-11-59" href="#__codelineno-11-59"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">order</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;in&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-60" name="__codelineno-11-60" href="#__codelineno-11-60"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">));</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-61" name="__codelineno-11-61" href="#__codelineno-11-61"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dfs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">order</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-62" name="__codelineno-11-62" href="#__codelineno-11-62"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 后序遍历</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-63" name="__codelineno-11-63" href="#__codelineno-11-63"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">order</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;post&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-64" name="__codelineno-11-64" href="#__codelineno-11-64"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">));</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-65" name="__codelineno-11-65" href="#__codelineno-11-65"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-66" name="__codelineno-11-66" href="#__codelineno-11-66"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-11-67" name="__codelineno-11-67" href="#__codelineno-11-67"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 前序遍历 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-68" name="__codelineno-11-68" href="#__codelineno-11-68"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">preOrder</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-69" name="__codelineno-11-69" href="#__codelineno-11-69"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ArrayList</span><span class="o">&lt;&gt;</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-70" name="__codelineno-11-70" href="#__codelineno-11-70"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dfs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;pre&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-71" name="__codelineno-11-71" href="#__codelineno-11-71"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-72" name="__codelineno-11-72" href="#__codelineno-11-72"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-73" name="__codelineno-11-73" href="#__codelineno-11-73"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-11-74" name="__codelineno-11-74" href="#__codelineno-11-74"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 中序遍历 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-75" name="__codelineno-11-75" href="#__codelineno-11-75"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">inOrder</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-76" name="__codelineno-11-76" href="#__codelineno-11-76"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ArrayList</span><span class="o">&lt;&gt;</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-77" name="__codelineno-11-77" href="#__codelineno-11-77"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dfs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;in&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-78" name="__codelineno-11-78" href="#__codelineno-11-78"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-79" name="__codelineno-11-79" href="#__codelineno-11-79"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-80" name="__codelineno-11-80" href="#__codelineno-11-80"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-11-81" name="__codelineno-11-81" href="#__codelineno-11-81"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 后序遍历 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-82" name="__codelineno-11-82" href="#__codelineno-11-82"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">postOrder</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-83" name="__codelineno-11-83" href="#__codelineno-11-83"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">Integer</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ArrayList</span><span class="o">&lt;&gt;</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-84" name="__codelineno-11-84" href="#__codelineno-11-84"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dfs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;post&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-85" name="__codelineno-11-85" href="#__codelineno-11-85"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-86" name="__codelineno-11-86" href="#__codelineno-11-86"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-87" name="__codelineno-11-87" href="#__codelineno-11-87"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_binary_tree.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-12-1" name="__codelineno-12-1" href="#__codelineno-12-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 数组表示下的二叉树类 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-2" name="__codelineno-12-2" href="#__codelineno-12-2"></a><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">ArrayBinaryTree</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-3" name="__codelineno-12-3" href="#__codelineno-12-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="o">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-4" name="__codelineno-12-4" href="#__codelineno-12-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 构造方法 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-5" name="__codelineno-12-5" href="#__codelineno-12-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ArrayBinaryTree</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-6" name="__codelineno-12-6" href="#__codelineno-12-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tree</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-7" name="__codelineno-12-7" href="#__codelineno-12-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-8" name="__codelineno-12-8" href="#__codelineno-12-8"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-12-9" name="__codelineno-12-9" href="#__codelineno-12-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 节点数量 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-10" name="__codelineno-12-10" href="#__codelineno-12-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-11" name="__codelineno-12-11" href="#__codelineno-12-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tree</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-12" name="__codelineno-12-12" href="#__codelineno-12-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-13" name="__codelineno-12-13" href="#__codelineno-12-13"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-12-14" name="__codelineno-12-14" href="#__codelineno-12-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 获取索引为 i 节点的值 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-15" name="__codelineno-12-15" href="#__codelineno-12-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-16" name="__codelineno-12-16" href="#__codelineno-12-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若索引越界,则返回 INT_MAX ,代表空位</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-17" name="__codelineno-12-17" href="#__codelineno-12-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">())</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-18" name="__codelineno-12-18" href="#__codelineno-12-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">INT_MAX</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-19" name="__codelineno-12-19" href="#__codelineno-12-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tree</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-20" name="__codelineno-12-20" href="#__codelineno-12-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-21" name="__codelineno-12-21" href="#__codelineno-12-21"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-12-22" name="__codelineno-12-22" href="#__codelineno-12-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 获取索引为 i 节点的左子节点的索引 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-23" name="__codelineno-12-23" href="#__codelineno-12-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-24" name="__codelineno-12-24" href="#__codelineno-12-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-25" name="__codelineno-12-25" href="#__codelineno-12-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-26" name="__codelineno-12-26" href="#__codelineno-12-26"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-12-27" name="__codelineno-12-27" href="#__codelineno-12-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 获取索引为 i 节点的右子节点的索引 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-28" name="__codelineno-12-28" href="#__codelineno-12-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-29" name="__codelineno-12-29" href="#__codelineno-12-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-30" name="__codelineno-12-30" href="#__codelineno-12-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-31" name="__codelineno-12-31" href="#__codelineno-12-31"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-12-32" name="__codelineno-12-32" href="#__codelineno-12-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 获取索引为 i 节点的父节点的索引 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-33" name="__codelineno-12-33" href="#__codelineno-12-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">parent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-34" name="__codelineno-12-34" href="#__codelineno-12-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-35" name="__codelineno-12-35" href="#__codelineno-12-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-36" name="__codelineno-12-36" href="#__codelineno-12-36"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-12-37" name="__codelineno-12-37" href="#__codelineno-12-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 层序遍历 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-38" name="__codelineno-12-38" href="#__codelineno-12-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">levelOrder</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-39" name="__codelineno-12-39" href="#__codelineno-12-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-40" name="__codelineno-12-40" href="#__codelineno-12-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 直接遍历数组</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-41" name="__codelineno-12-41" href="#__codelineno-12-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-42" name="__codelineno-12-42" href="#__codelineno-12-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">INT_MAX</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-43" name="__codelineno-12-43" href="#__codelineno-12-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push_back</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">));</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-44" name="__codelineno-12-44" href="#__codelineno-12-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-45" name="__codelineno-12-45" href="#__codelineno-12-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-46" name="__codelineno-12-46" href="#__codelineno-12-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-47" name="__codelineno-12-47" href="#__codelineno-12-47"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-12-48" name="__codelineno-12-48" href="#__codelineno-12-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 前序遍历 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-49" name="__codelineno-12-49" href="#__codelineno-12-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">preOrder</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-50" name="__codelineno-12-50" href="#__codelineno-12-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-51" name="__codelineno-12-51" href="#__codelineno-12-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dfs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;pre&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-52" name="__codelineno-12-52" href="#__codelineno-12-52"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-53" name="__codelineno-12-53" href="#__codelineno-12-53"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-54" name="__codelineno-12-54" href="#__codelineno-12-54"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-12-55" name="__codelineno-12-55" href="#__codelineno-12-55"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 中序遍历 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-56" name="__codelineno-12-56" href="#__codelineno-12-56"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inOrder</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-57" name="__codelineno-12-57" href="#__codelineno-12-57"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-58" name="__codelineno-12-58" href="#__codelineno-12-58"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dfs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;in&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-59" name="__codelineno-12-59" href="#__codelineno-12-59"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-60" name="__codelineno-12-60" href="#__codelineno-12-60"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-61" name="__codelineno-12-61" href="#__codelineno-12-61"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-12-62" name="__codelineno-12-62" href="#__codelineno-12-62"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 后序遍历 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-63" name="__codelineno-12-63" href="#__codelineno-12-63"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">postOrder</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-64" name="__codelineno-12-64" href="#__codelineno-12-64"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-65" name="__codelineno-12-65" href="#__codelineno-12-65"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dfs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;post&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-66" name="__codelineno-12-66" href="#__codelineno-12-66"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-67" name="__codelineno-12-67" href="#__codelineno-12-67"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-68" name="__codelineno-12-68" href="#__codelineno-12-68"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-12-69" name="__codelineno-12-69" href="#__codelineno-12-69"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">private</span><span class="o">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-70" name="__codelineno-12-70" href="#__codelineno-12-70"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tree</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-71" name="__codelineno-12-71" href="#__codelineno-12-71"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-12-72" name="__codelineno-12-72" href="#__codelineno-12-72"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 深度优先遍历 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-73" name="__codelineno-12-73" href="#__codelineno-12-73"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">dfs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">order</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-74" name="__codelineno-12-74" href="#__codelineno-12-74"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若为空位,则返回</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-75" name="__codelineno-12-75" href="#__codelineno-12-75"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">INT_MAX</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-76" name="__codelineno-12-76" href="#__codelineno-12-76"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-77" name="__codelineno-12-77" href="#__codelineno-12-77"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 前序遍历</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-78" name="__codelineno-12-78" href="#__codelineno-12-78"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">order</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;pre&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-79" name="__codelineno-12-79" href="#__codelineno-12-79"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push_back</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">));</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-80" name="__codelineno-12-80" href="#__codelineno-12-80"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dfs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">order</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-81" name="__codelineno-12-81" href="#__codelineno-12-81"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 中序遍历</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-82" name="__codelineno-12-82" href="#__codelineno-12-82"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">order</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;in&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-83" name="__codelineno-12-83" href="#__codelineno-12-83"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push_back</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">));</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-84" name="__codelineno-12-84" href="#__codelineno-12-84"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dfs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">order</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-85" name="__codelineno-12-85" href="#__codelineno-12-85"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 后序遍历</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-86" name="__codelineno-12-86" href="#__codelineno-12-86"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">order</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;post&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-87" name="__codelineno-12-87" href="#__codelineno-12-87"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">push_back</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">));</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-88" name="__codelineno-12-88" href="#__codelineno-12-88"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-12-89" name="__codelineno-12-89" href="#__codelineno-12-89"></a><span class="p">};</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_binary_tree.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-13-1" name="__codelineno-13-1" href="#__codelineno-13-1"></a><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">ArrayBinaryTree</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-2" name="__codelineno-13-2" href="#__codelineno-13-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;数组表示下的二叉树类&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-3" name="__codelineno-13-3" href="#__codelineno-13-3"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-13-4" name="__codelineno-13-4" href="#__codelineno-13-4"></a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">]):</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-5" name="__codelineno-13-5" href="#__codelineno-13-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;构造方法&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-6" name="__codelineno-13-6" href="#__codelineno-13-6"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__tree</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-7" name="__codelineno-13-7" href="#__codelineno-13-7"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-13-8" name="__codelineno-13-8" href="#__codelineno-13-8"></a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">size</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-9" name="__codelineno-13-9" href="#__codelineno-13-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;节点数量&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-10" name="__codelineno-13-10" href="#__codelineno-13-10"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__tree</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-11" name="__codelineno-13-11" href="#__codelineno-13-11"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-13-12" name="__codelineno-13-12" href="#__codelineno-13-12"></a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">val</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-13" name="__codelineno-13-13" href="#__codelineno-13-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;获取索引为 i 节点的值&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-14" name="__codelineno-13-14" href="#__codelineno-13-14"></a> <span class="c1"># 若索引越界,则返回 None ,代表空位</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-15" name="__codelineno-13-15" href="#__codelineno-13-15"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">&gt;=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">():</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-16" name="__codelineno-13-16" href="#__codelineno-13-16"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-17" name="__codelineno-13-17" href="#__codelineno-13-17"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__tree</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-18" name="__codelineno-13-18" href="#__codelineno-13-18"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-13-19" name="__codelineno-13-19" href="#__codelineno-13-19"></a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">int</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-20" name="__codelineno-13-20" href="#__codelineno-13-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;获取索引为 i 节点的左子节点的索引&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-21" name="__codelineno-13-21" href="#__codelineno-13-21"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-22" name="__codelineno-13-22" href="#__codelineno-13-22"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-13-23" name="__codelineno-13-23" href="#__codelineno-13-23"></a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">int</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-24" name="__codelineno-13-24" href="#__codelineno-13-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;获取索引为 i 节点的右子节点的索引&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-25" name="__codelineno-13-25" href="#__codelineno-13-25"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-26" name="__codelineno-13-26" href="#__codelineno-13-26"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-13-27" name="__codelineno-13-27" href="#__codelineno-13-27"></a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">parent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">int</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-28" name="__codelineno-13-28" href="#__codelineno-13-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;获取索引为 i 节点的父节点的索引&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-29" name="__codelineno-13-29" href="#__codelineno-13-29"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">//</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-30" name="__codelineno-13-30" href="#__codelineno-13-30"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-13-31" name="__codelineno-13-31" href="#__codelineno-13-31"></a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">level_order</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">]:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-32" name="__codelineno-13-32" href="#__codelineno-13-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;层序遍历&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-33" name="__codelineno-13-33" href="#__codelineno-13-33"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">res</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-34" name="__codelineno-13-34" href="#__codelineno-13-34"></a> <span class="c1"># 直接遍历数组</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-35" name="__codelineno-13-35" href="#__codelineno-13-35"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()):</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-36" name="__codelineno-13-36" href="#__codelineno-13-36"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-37" name="__codelineno-13-37" href="#__codelineno-13-37"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">res</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">))</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-38" name="__codelineno-13-38" href="#__codelineno-13-38"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">res</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-39" name="__codelineno-13-39" href="#__codelineno-13-39"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-13-40" name="__codelineno-13-40" href="#__codelineno-13-40"></a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">__dfs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">order</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">):</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-41" name="__codelineno-13-41" href="#__codelineno-13-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;深度优先遍历&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-42" name="__codelineno-13-42" href="#__codelineno-13-42"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-43" name="__codelineno-13-43" href="#__codelineno-13-43"></a> <span class="k">return</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-44" name="__codelineno-13-44" href="#__codelineno-13-44"></a> <span class="c1"># 前序遍历</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-45" name="__codelineno-13-45" href="#__codelineno-13-45"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">order</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;pre&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-46" name="__codelineno-13-46" href="#__codelineno-13-46"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">res</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">))</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-47" name="__codelineno-13-47" href="#__codelineno-13-47"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__dfs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">order</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-48" name="__codelineno-13-48" href="#__codelineno-13-48"></a> <span class="c1"># 中序遍历</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-49" name="__codelineno-13-49" href="#__codelineno-13-49"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">order</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;in&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-50" name="__codelineno-13-50" href="#__codelineno-13-50"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">res</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">))</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-51" name="__codelineno-13-51" href="#__codelineno-13-51"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__dfs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">order</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-52" name="__codelineno-13-52" href="#__codelineno-13-52"></a> <span class="c1"># 后序遍历</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-53" name="__codelineno-13-53" href="#__codelineno-13-53"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">order</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;post&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-54" name="__codelineno-13-54" href="#__codelineno-13-54"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">res</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">))</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-55" name="__codelineno-13-55" href="#__codelineno-13-55"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-13-56" name="__codelineno-13-56" href="#__codelineno-13-56"></a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">pre_order</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">]:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-57" name="__codelineno-13-57" href="#__codelineno-13-57"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;前序遍历&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-58" name="__codelineno-13-58" href="#__codelineno-13-58"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">res</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-59" name="__codelineno-13-59" href="#__codelineno-13-59"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__dfs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">order</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;pre&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-60" name="__codelineno-13-60" href="#__codelineno-13-60"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">res</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-61" name="__codelineno-13-61" href="#__codelineno-13-61"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-13-62" name="__codelineno-13-62" href="#__codelineno-13-62"></a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">in_order</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">]:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-63" name="__codelineno-13-63" href="#__codelineno-13-63"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;中序遍历&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-64" name="__codelineno-13-64" href="#__codelineno-13-64"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">res</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-65" name="__codelineno-13-65" href="#__codelineno-13-65"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__dfs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">order</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;in&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-66" name="__codelineno-13-66" href="#__codelineno-13-66"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">res</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-67" name="__codelineno-13-67" href="#__codelineno-13-67"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-13-68" name="__codelineno-13-68" href="#__codelineno-13-68"></a> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">post_order</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">]:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-69" name="__codelineno-13-69" href="#__codelineno-13-69"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;后序遍历&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-70" name="__codelineno-13-70" href="#__codelineno-13-70"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">res</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-71" name="__codelineno-13-71" href="#__codelineno-13-71"></a> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">__dfs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">order</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;post&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-13-72" name="__codelineno-13-72" href="#__codelineno-13-72"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">res</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_binary_tree.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-14-1" name="__codelineno-14-1" href="#__codelineno-14-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="nx">arrayBinaryTree</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_binary_tree.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-15-1" name="__codelineno-15-1" href="#__codelineno-15-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="nx">ArrayBinaryTree</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_binary_tree.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-16-1" name="__codelineno-16-1" href="#__codelineno-16-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="kd">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="nx">ArrayBinaryTree</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_binary_tree.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-17-1" name="__codelineno-17-1" href="#__codelineno-17-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">arrayBinaryTree</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
2023-07-21 15:14:51 +08:00
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_binary_tree.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-18-1" name="__codelineno-18-1" href="#__codelineno-18-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 数组表示下的二叉树类 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-2" name="__codelineno-18-2" href="#__codelineno-18-2"></a><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">ArrayBinaryTree</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-3" name="__codelineno-18-3" href="#__codelineno-18-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">int?</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tree</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-4" name="__codelineno-18-4" href="#__codelineno-18-4"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-18-5" name="__codelineno-18-5" href="#__codelineno-18-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 构造方法 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-6" name="__codelineno-18-6" href="#__codelineno-18-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">ArrayBinaryTree</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">int?</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-7" name="__codelineno-18-7" href="#__codelineno-18-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tree</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">int?</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-8" name="__codelineno-18-8" href="#__codelineno-18-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-9" name="__codelineno-18-9" href="#__codelineno-18-9"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-18-10" name="__codelineno-18-10" href="#__codelineno-18-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 节点数量 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-11" name="__codelineno-18-11" href="#__codelineno-18-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">size</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-12" name="__codelineno-18-12" href="#__codelineno-18-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tree</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Count</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-13" name="__codelineno-18-13" href="#__codelineno-18-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-14" name="__codelineno-18-14" href="#__codelineno-18-14"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-18-15" name="__codelineno-18-15" href="#__codelineno-18-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 获取索引为 i 节点的值 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-16" name="__codelineno-18-16" href="#__codelineno-18-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int?</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-17" name="__codelineno-18-17" href="#__codelineno-18-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若索引越界,则返回 null ,代表空位</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-18" name="__codelineno-18-18" href="#__codelineno-18-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">())</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-19" name="__codelineno-18-19" href="#__codelineno-18-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">null</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-20" name="__codelineno-18-20" href="#__codelineno-18-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tree</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-21" name="__codelineno-18-21" href="#__codelineno-18-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-22" name="__codelineno-18-22" href="#__codelineno-18-22"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-18-23" name="__codelineno-18-23" href="#__codelineno-18-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 获取索引为 i 节点的左子节点的索引 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-24" name="__codelineno-18-24" href="#__codelineno-18-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-25" name="__codelineno-18-25" href="#__codelineno-18-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-26" name="__codelineno-18-26" href="#__codelineno-18-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-27" name="__codelineno-18-27" href="#__codelineno-18-27"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-18-28" name="__codelineno-18-28" href="#__codelineno-18-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 获取索引为 i 节点的右子节点的索引 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-29" name="__codelineno-18-29" href="#__codelineno-18-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-30" name="__codelineno-18-30" href="#__codelineno-18-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">2</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-31" name="__codelineno-18-31" href="#__codelineno-18-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-32" name="__codelineno-18-32" href="#__codelineno-18-32"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-18-33" name="__codelineno-18-33" href="#__codelineno-18-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 获取索引为 i 节点的父节点的索引 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-34" name="__codelineno-18-34" href="#__codelineno-18-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">parent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-35" name="__codelineno-18-35" href="#__codelineno-18-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">2</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-36" name="__codelineno-18-36" href="#__codelineno-18-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-37" name="__codelineno-18-37" href="#__codelineno-18-37"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-18-38" name="__codelineno-18-38" href="#__codelineno-18-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 层序遍历 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-39" name="__codelineno-18-39" href="#__codelineno-18-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">levelOrder</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-40" name="__codelineno-18-40" href="#__codelineno-18-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-41" name="__codelineno-18-41" href="#__codelineno-18-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 直接遍历数组</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-42" name="__codelineno-18-42" href="#__codelineno-18-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">();</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-43" name="__codelineno-18-43" href="#__codelineno-18-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">HasValue</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-44" name="__codelineno-18-44" href="#__codelineno-18-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">Value</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-45" name="__codelineno-18-45" href="#__codelineno-18-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-46" name="__codelineno-18-46" href="#__codelineno-18-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-47" name="__codelineno-18-47" href="#__codelineno-18-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-48" name="__codelineno-18-48" href="#__codelineno-18-48"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-18-49" name="__codelineno-18-49" href="#__codelineno-18-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 深度优先遍历 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-50" name="__codelineno-18-50" href="#__codelineno-18-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">private</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">dfs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">order</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-51" name="__codelineno-18-51" href="#__codelineno-18-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 若为空位,则返回</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-52" name="__codelineno-18-52" href="#__codelineno-18-52"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">HasValue</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-53" name="__codelineno-18-53" href="#__codelineno-18-53"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-54" name="__codelineno-18-54" href="#__codelineno-18-54"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 前序遍历</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-55" name="__codelineno-18-55" href="#__codelineno-18-55"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">order</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;pre&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-56" name="__codelineno-18-56" href="#__codelineno-18-56"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">Value</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-57" name="__codelineno-18-57" href="#__codelineno-18-57"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dfs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">order</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-58" name="__codelineno-18-58" href="#__codelineno-18-58"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 中序遍历</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-59" name="__codelineno-18-59" href="#__codelineno-18-59"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">order</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;in&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-60" name="__codelineno-18-60" href="#__codelineno-18-60"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">Value</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-61" name="__codelineno-18-61" href="#__codelineno-18-61"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dfs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">order</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-62" name="__codelineno-18-62" href="#__codelineno-18-62"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 后序遍历</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-63" name="__codelineno-18-63" href="#__codelineno-18-63"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">order</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;post&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-64" name="__codelineno-18-64" href="#__codelineno-18-64"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="n">Value</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-65" name="__codelineno-18-65" href="#__codelineno-18-65"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-66" name="__codelineno-18-66" href="#__codelineno-18-66"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-18-67" name="__codelineno-18-67" href="#__codelineno-18-67"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 前序遍历 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-68" name="__codelineno-18-68" href="#__codelineno-18-68"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">preOrder</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-69" name="__codelineno-18-69" href="#__codelineno-18-69"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-70" name="__codelineno-18-70" href="#__codelineno-18-70"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dfs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;pre&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-71" name="__codelineno-18-71" href="#__codelineno-18-71"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-72" name="__codelineno-18-72" href="#__codelineno-18-72"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-73" name="__codelineno-18-73" href="#__codelineno-18-73"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-18-74" name="__codelineno-18-74" href="#__codelineno-18-74"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 中序遍历 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-75" name="__codelineno-18-75" href="#__codelineno-18-75"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">inOrder</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-76" name="__codelineno-18-76" href="#__codelineno-18-76"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-77" name="__codelineno-18-77" href="#__codelineno-18-77"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dfs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;in&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-78" name="__codelineno-18-78" href="#__codelineno-18-78"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-79" name="__codelineno-18-79" href="#__codelineno-18-79"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-80" name="__codelineno-18-80" href="#__codelineno-18-80"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-18-81" name="__codelineno-18-81" href="#__codelineno-18-81"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* 后序遍历 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-82" name="__codelineno-18-82" href="#__codelineno-18-82"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">public</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">postOrder</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-83" name="__codelineno-18-83" href="#__codelineno-18-83"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">new</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-84" name="__codelineno-18-84" href="#__codelineno-18-84"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dfs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;post&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-85" name="__codelineno-18-85" href="#__codelineno-18-85"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-86" name="__codelineno-18-86" href="#__codelineno-18-86"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-18-87" name="__codelineno-18-87" href="#__codelineno-18-87"></a><span class="p">}</span>
2023-07-19 16:10:17 +08:00
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
2023-07-24 13:09:54 +08:00
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_binary_tree.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-19-1" name="__codelineno-19-1" href="#__codelineno-19-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 数组表示下的二叉树类 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-2" name="__codelineno-19-2" href="#__codelineno-19-2"></a><span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">ArrayBinaryTree</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-3" name="__codelineno-19-3" href="#__codelineno-19-3"></a> <span class="kd">private</span> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nv">tree</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">?]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-4" name="__codelineno-19-4" href="#__codelineno-19-4"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-19-5" name="__codelineno-19-5" href="#__codelineno-19-5"></a> <span class="cm">/* 构造方法 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-6" name="__codelineno-19-6" href="#__codelineno-19-6"></a> <span class="kd">init</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">arr</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">?])</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-7" name="__codelineno-19-7" href="#__codelineno-19-7"></a> <span class="n">tree</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">arr</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-8" name="__codelineno-19-8" href="#__codelineno-19-8"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-9" name="__codelineno-19-9" href="#__codelineno-19-9"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-19-10" name="__codelineno-19-10" href="#__codelineno-19-10"></a> <span class="cm">/* 节点数量 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-11" name="__codelineno-19-11" href="#__codelineno-19-11"></a> <span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nf">size</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">Int</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-12" name="__codelineno-19-12" href="#__codelineno-19-12"></a> <span class="n">tree</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">count</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-13" name="__codelineno-19-13" href="#__codelineno-19-13"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-14" name="__codelineno-19-14" href="#__codelineno-19-14"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-19-15" name="__codelineno-19-15" href="#__codelineno-19-15"></a> <span class="cm">/* 获取索引为 i 节点的值 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-16" name="__codelineno-19-16" href="#__codelineno-19-16"></a> <span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nf">val</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">?</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-17" name="__codelineno-19-17" href="#__codelineno-19-17"></a> <span class="c1">// 若索引越界,则返回 null ,代表空位</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-18" name="__codelineno-19-18" href="#__codelineno-19-18"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="o">||</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">&gt;=</span> <span class="n">size</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-19" name="__codelineno-19-19" href="#__codelineno-19-19"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">nil</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-20" name="__codelineno-19-20" href="#__codelineno-19-20"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-21" name="__codelineno-19-21" href="#__codelineno-19-21"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">tree</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-22" name="__codelineno-19-22" href="#__codelineno-19-22"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-23" name="__codelineno-19-23" href="#__codelineno-19-23"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-19-24" name="__codelineno-19-24" href="#__codelineno-19-24"></a> <span class="cm">/* 获取索引为 i 节点的左子节点的索引 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-25" name="__codelineno-19-25" href="#__codelineno-19-25"></a> <span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nf">left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">Int</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-26" name="__codelineno-19-26" href="#__codelineno-19-26"></a> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-27" name="__codelineno-19-27" href="#__codelineno-19-27"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-28" name="__codelineno-19-28" href="#__codelineno-19-28"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-19-29" name="__codelineno-19-29" href="#__codelineno-19-29"></a> <span class="cm">/* 获取索引为 i 节点的右子节点的索引 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-30" name="__codelineno-19-30" href="#__codelineno-19-30"></a> <span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nf">right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">Int</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-31" name="__codelineno-19-31" href="#__codelineno-19-31"></a> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-32" name="__codelineno-19-32" href="#__codelineno-19-32"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-33" name="__codelineno-19-33" href="#__codelineno-19-33"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-19-34" name="__codelineno-19-34" href="#__codelineno-19-34"></a> <span class="cm">/* 获取索引为 i 节点的父节点的索引 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-35" name="__codelineno-19-35" href="#__codelineno-19-35"></a> <span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nf">parent</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">-&gt;</span> <span class="nb">Int</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-36" name="__codelineno-19-36" href="#__codelineno-19-36"></a> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="mi">2</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-37" name="__codelineno-19-37" href="#__codelineno-19-37"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-38" name="__codelineno-19-38" href="#__codelineno-19-38"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-19-39" name="__codelineno-19-39" href="#__codelineno-19-39"></a> <span class="cm">/* 层序遍历 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-40" name="__codelineno-19-40" href="#__codelineno-19-40"></a> <span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nf">levelOrder</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">-&gt;</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-41" name="__codelineno-19-41" href="#__codelineno-19-41"></a> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nv">res</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-42" name="__codelineno-19-42" href="#__codelineno-19-42"></a> <span class="c1">// 直接遍历数组</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-43" name="__codelineno-19-43" href="#__codelineno-19-43"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="bp">stride</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">from</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">to</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">size</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">by</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-44" name="__codelineno-19-44" href="#__codelineno-19-44"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">val</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">val</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-45" name="__codelineno-19-45" href="#__codelineno-19-45"></a> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-46" name="__codelineno-19-46" href="#__codelineno-19-46"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-47" name="__codelineno-19-47" href="#__codelineno-19-47"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-48" name="__codelineno-19-48" href="#__codelineno-19-48"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">res</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-49" name="__codelineno-19-49" href="#__codelineno-19-49"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-50" name="__codelineno-19-50" href="#__codelineno-19-50"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-19-51" name="__codelineno-19-51" href="#__codelineno-19-51"></a> <span class="cm">/* 深度优先遍历 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-52" name="__codelineno-19-52" href="#__codelineno-19-52"></a> <span class="kd">private</span> <span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nf">dfs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">order</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">String</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kr">inout</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-53" name="__codelineno-19-53" href="#__codelineno-19-53"></a> <span class="c1">// 若为空位,则返回</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-54" name="__codelineno-19-54" href="#__codelineno-19-54"></a> <span class="k">guard</span> <span class="kd">let</span> <span class="nv">val</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">val</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-55" name="__codelineno-19-55" href="#__codelineno-19-55"></a> <span class="k">return</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-56" name="__codelineno-19-56" href="#__codelineno-19-56"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-57" name="__codelineno-19-57" href="#__codelineno-19-57"></a> <span class="c1">// 前序遍历</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-58" name="__codelineno-19-58" href="#__codelineno-19-58"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">order</span> <span class="p">==</span> <span class="s">&quot;pre&quot;</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-59" name="__codelineno-19-59" href="#__codelineno-19-59"></a> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-60" name="__codelineno-19-60" href="#__codelineno-19-60"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-61" name="__codelineno-19-61" href="#__codelineno-19-61"></a> <span class="n">dfs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kr">left</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">order</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">order</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">&amp;</span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-62" name="__codelineno-19-62" href="#__codelineno-19-62"></a> <span class="c1">// 中序遍历</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-63" name="__codelineno-19-63" href="#__codelineno-19-63"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">order</span> <span class="p">==</span> <span class="s">&quot;in&quot;</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-64" name="__codelineno-19-64" href="#__codelineno-19-64"></a> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-65" name="__codelineno-19-65" href="#__codelineno-19-65"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-66" name="__codelineno-19-66" href="#__codelineno-19-66"></a> <span class="n">dfs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kr">right</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">order</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">order</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">&amp;</span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-67" name="__codelineno-19-67" href="#__codelineno-19-67"></a> <span class="c1">// 后序遍历</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-68" name="__codelineno-19-68" href="#__codelineno-19-68"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">order</span> <span class="p">==</span> <span class="s">&quot;post&quot;</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-69" name="__codelineno-19-69" href="#__codelineno-19-69"></a> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">val</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-70" name="__codelineno-19-70" href="#__codelineno-19-70"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-71" name="__codelineno-19-71" href="#__codelineno-19-71"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-72" name="__codelineno-19-72" href="#__codelineno-19-72"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-19-73" name="__codelineno-19-73" href="#__codelineno-19-73"></a> <span class="cm">/* 前序遍历 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-74" name="__codelineno-19-74" href="#__codelineno-19-74"></a> <span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nf">preOrder</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">-&gt;</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-75" name="__codelineno-19-75" href="#__codelineno-19-75"></a> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nv">res</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-76" name="__codelineno-19-76" href="#__codelineno-19-76"></a> <span class="n">dfs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">order</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">&quot;pre&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">&amp;</span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-77" name="__codelineno-19-77" href="#__codelineno-19-77"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">res</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-78" name="__codelineno-19-78" href="#__codelineno-19-78"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-79" name="__codelineno-19-79" href="#__codelineno-19-79"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-19-80" name="__codelineno-19-80" href="#__codelineno-19-80"></a> <span class="cm">/* 中序遍历 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-81" name="__codelineno-19-81" href="#__codelineno-19-81"></a> <span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nf">inOrder</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">-&gt;</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-82" name="__codelineno-19-82" href="#__codelineno-19-82"></a> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nv">res</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-83" name="__codelineno-19-83" href="#__codelineno-19-83"></a> <span class="n">dfs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">order</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">&quot;in&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">&amp;</span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-84" name="__codelineno-19-84" href="#__codelineno-19-84"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">res</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-85" name="__codelineno-19-85" href="#__codelineno-19-85"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-86" name="__codelineno-19-86" href="#__codelineno-19-86"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-19-87" name="__codelineno-19-87" href="#__codelineno-19-87"></a> <span class="cm">/* 后序遍历 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-88" name="__codelineno-19-88" href="#__codelineno-19-88"></a> <span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nf">postOrder</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">-&gt;</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-89" name="__codelineno-19-89" href="#__codelineno-19-89"></a> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nv">res</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-90" name="__codelineno-19-90" href="#__codelineno-19-90"></a> <span class="n">dfs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">order</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">&quot;post&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">res</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">&amp;</span><span class="n">res</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-91" name="__codelineno-19-91" href="#__codelineno-19-91"></a> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">res</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-92" name="__codelineno-19-92" href="#__codelineno-19-92"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-19-93" name="__codelineno-19-93" href="#__codelineno-19-93"></a><span class="p">}</span>
2023-07-19 16:10:17 +08:00
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_binary_tree.zig</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-20-1" name="__codelineno-20-1" href="#__codelineno-20-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">ArrayBinaryTree</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">array_binary_tree.dart</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-21-1" name="__codelineno-21-1" href="#__codelineno-21-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">ArrayBinaryTree</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
2023-05-21 19:29:51 +08:00
<h2 id="733">7.3.3. &nbsp; 优势与局限性<a class="headerlink" href="#733" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
2023-07-24 03:03:58 +08:00
<p>二叉树的数组表示的优点包括:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>数组存储在连续的内存空间中,对缓存友好,访问与遍历速度较快;</li>
2023-04-17 21:00:28 +08:00
<li>不需要存储指针,比较节省空间;</li>
<li>允许随机访问节点;</li>
</ul>
<p>然而,数组表示也具有一些局限性:</p>
<ul>
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<li>数组存储需要连续内存空间,因此不适合存储数据量过大的树;</li>
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<li>增删节点需要通过数组插入与删除操作实现,效率较低;</li>
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<li>当二叉树中存在大量 <span class="arithmatex">\(\text{None}\)</span> 时,数组中包含的节点数据比重较低,空间利用率较低;</li>
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</ul>
<h2 id="__comments">评论</h2>
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