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< title > 5.3 < / title >
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跳转至
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Hello 算法
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5.3 双向队列
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正在初始化搜索引擎
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第 0 章 前言
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第 0 章 前言
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0.1 关于本书
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0.2 如何使用本书
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0.3 小结
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第 1 章 初识算法
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第 1 章 初识算法
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1.1 算法无处不在
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1.2 算法是什么
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1.3 小结
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第 2 章 复杂度分析
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第 2 章 复杂度分析
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2.1 算法效率评估
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2.2 迭代与递归
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2.3 时间复杂度
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2.4 空间复杂度
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2.5 小结
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第 3 章 数据结构
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第 3 章 数据结构
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3.1 数据结构分类
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3.2 基本数据类型
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3.3 数字编码 *
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3.4 字符编码 *
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3.5 小结
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第 5 章 栈与队列
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5.2 队列
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5.3 双向队列
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5.3.1 双向队列常用操作
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5.3.2 双向队列实现 *
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1. 基于双向链表的实现
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第 6 章 哈希表
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6.1 哈希表
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第 7 章 树
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7.3 二叉树数组表示
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7.5 AVL 树 *
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7.6 小结
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第 8 章 堆
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8.1 堆
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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8.2 建堆操作
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8.3 Top-K 问题
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8.4 小结
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< svg xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox = "0 0 24 24" > < path d = "m12 5.37-.44-.06L6 14.9c.24.21.4.48.47.78h11.06c.07-.3.23-.57.47-.78l-5.56-9.59-.44.06M6.6 16.53l4.28 2.53c.29-.27.69-.43 1.12-.43.43 0 .83.16 1.12.43l4.28-2.53H6.6M12 22a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68-1.68l.09-.56-4.3-2.55c-.31.36-.76.58-1.27.58a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68-1.68c0-.79.53-1.45 1.26-1.64V9.36c-.83-.11-1.47-.82-1.47-1.68A1.68 1.68 0 0 1 4.63 6c.55 0 1.03.26 1.34.66l4.41-2.53-.06-.45c0-.93.75-1.68 1.68-1.68.93 0 1.68.75 1.68 1.68l-.06.45 4.41 2.53c.31-.4.79-.66 1.34-.66a1.68 1.68 0 0 1 1.68 1.68c0 .86-.64 1.57-1.47 1.68v5.11c.73.19 1.26.85 1.26 1.64a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68 1.68c-.51 0-.96-.22-1.27-.58l-4.3 2.55.09.56A1.68 1.68 0 0 1 12 22M10.8 4.86 6.3 7.44l.02.24c0 .71-.44 1.32-1.06 1.57l.03 5.25 5.51-9.64m2.4 0 5.51 9.64.03-5.25c-.62-.25-1.06-.86-1.06-1.57l.02-.24-4.5-2.58Z" / > < / svg >
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第 9 章 图
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第 9 章 图
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9.1 图
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9.2 图基础操作
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9.3 图的遍历
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第 10 章 搜索
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10.1 二分查找
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10.2 二分查找插入点
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< a href = "../../chapter_searching/binary_search_edge/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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10.3 二分查找边界
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< / span >
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< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../chapter_searching/replace_linear_by_hashing/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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< span class = "md-ellipsis" >
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10.4 哈希优化策略
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< / span >
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< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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< a href = "../../chapter_searching/searching_algorithm_revisited/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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< span class = "md-ellipsis" >
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10.5 重识搜索算法
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< / span >
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< / a >
< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_searching/summary/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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< span class = "md-ellipsis" >
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10.6 小结
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< / span >
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< / a >
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< / ul >
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< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested" >
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< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_12" >
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< div class = "md-nav__link md-nav__container" >
< a href = "../../chapter_sorting/" class = "md-nav__link " >
< svg xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox = "0 0 24 24" > < path d = "M19 17h3l-4 4-4-4h3V3h2M2 17h10v2H2M6 5v2H2V5m0 6h7v2H2v-2Z" / > < / svg >
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第 11 章 排序
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第 11 章 排序
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< / label >
< ul class = "md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix >
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11.1 排序算法
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< / span >
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< / a >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_sorting/selection_sort/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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11.2 选择排序
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< / span >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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11.3 冒泡排序
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< / span >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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11.4 插入排序
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< / span >
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< / li >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_sorting/quick_sort/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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11.5 快速排序
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< / span >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_sorting/merge_sort/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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11.6 归并排序
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< / span >
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< / a >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_sorting/heap_sort/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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11.7 堆排序
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< / span >
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< / a >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_sorting/bucket_sort/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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11.8 桶排序
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< / span >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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11.9 计数排序
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< / span >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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11.10 基数排序
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_sorting/summary/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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11.11 小结
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< / span >
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< li class = "md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested" >
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< input class = "md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type = "checkbox" id = "__nav_13" >
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第 12 章 分治
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< / span >
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第 12 章 分治
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< / label >
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12.1 分治算法
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12.2 分治搜索策略
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< / span >
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
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12.3 构建树问题
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< li class = "md-nav__item" >
< a href = "../../chapter_divide_and_conquer/hanota_problem/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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12.4 汉诺塔问题
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< / span >
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< a href = "../../chapter_divide_and_conquer/summary/" class = "md-nav__link" >
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12.5 小结
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第 13 章 回溯
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第 13 章 回溯
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13.3 子集和问题
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13.4 N 皇后问题
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14.2 DP 问题特性
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14.4 0-1 背包问题
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14.5 完全背包问题
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14.6 编辑距离问题
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14.7 小结
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15.1 贪心算法
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第 16 章 附录
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16.1 编程环境安装
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16.2 一起参与创作
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5.3.1 双向队列常用操作
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5.3.2 双向队列实现 *
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1. 基于双向链表的实现
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2. 基于数组的实现
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5.3.3 双向队列应用
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< h1 id = "53" > 5.3 双向队列< a class = "headerlink" href = "#53" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h1 >
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< p > 在队列中，我们仅能在头部删除或在尾部添加元素。如图 5-7 所示，「双向队列 double-ended queue」提供了更高的灵活性， < / p >
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< p > < a class = "glightbox" href = "../deque.assets/deque_operations.png" data-type = "image" data-width = "100%" data-height = "auto" data-desc-position = "bottom" > < img alt = "双向队列的操作" src = "../deque.assets/deque_operations.png" / > < / a > < / p >
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< p align = "center" > 图 5-7 双向队列的操作 < / p >
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< h2 id = "531" > 5.3.1 双向队列常用操作< a class = "headerlink" href = "#531" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h2 >
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< p > 双向队列的常用操作如表 5-3 所示，具体的方法名称需要根据所使用的编程语言来确定。< / p >
< p align = "center" > 表 5-3 双向队列操作效率 < / p >
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< div class = "center-table" >
< table >
< thead >
< tr >
< th > 方法名< / th >
< th > 描述< / th >
< th > 时间复杂度< / th >
< / tr >
< / thead >
< tbody >
< tr >
< td > pushFirst()< / td >
< td > 将元素添加至队首< / td >
< td > < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(1)\)< / span > < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > pushLast()< / td >
< td > 将元素添加至队尾< / td >
< td > < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(1)\)< / span > < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
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< td > popFirst()< / td >
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< td > 删除队首元素< / td >
< td > < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(1)\)< / span > < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
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< td > popLast()< / td >
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< td > 删除队尾元素< / td >
< td > < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(1)\)< / span > < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > peekFirst()< / td >
< td > 访问队首元素< / td >
< td > < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(1)\)< / span > < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > peekLast()< / td >
< td > 访问队尾元素< / td >
< td > < span class = "arithmatex" > \(O(1)\)< / span > < / td >
< / tr >
< / tbody >
< / table >
< / div >
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< p > 同样地，我们可以直接使用编程语言中已实现的双向队列类。< / p >
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< div class = "tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs = "1:12" > < input checked = "checked" id = "__tabbed_1_1" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_2" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_3" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_4" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_5" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_6" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_7" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_8" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_9" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_10" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_11" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_1_12" name = "__tabbed_1" type = "radio" / > < div class = "tabbed-labels" > < label for = "__tabbed_1_1" > Python< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_2" > C++< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_3" > Java< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_4" > C#< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_5" > Go< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_6" > Swift< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_7" > JS< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_8" > TS< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_9" > Dart< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_10" > Rust< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_11" > C< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_1_12" > Zig< / label > < / div >
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< div class = "tabbed-content" >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
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< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > deque.py< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-0-1" name = "__codelineno-0-1" href = "#__codelineno-0-1" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # 初始化双向队列< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-2" name = "__codelineno-0-2" href = "#__codelineno-0-2" > < / a > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > collections< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-0-3" name = "__codelineno-0-3" href = "#__codelineno-0-3" > < / a >
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< a id = "__codelineno-0-4" name = "__codelineno-0-4" href = "#__codelineno-0-4" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # 元素入队< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-5" name = "__codelineno-0-5" href = "#__codelineno-0-5" > < / a > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > append< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 2< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "c1" > # 添加至队尾< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-6" name = "__codelineno-0-6" href = "#__codelineno-0-6" > < / a > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > append< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 5< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-7" name = "__codelineno-0-7" href = "#__codelineno-0-7" > < / a > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > append< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 4< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-8" name = "__codelineno-0-8" href = "#__codelineno-0-8" > < / a > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > appendleft< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 3< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "c1" > # 添加至队首< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-9" name = "__codelineno-0-9" href = "#__codelineno-0-9" > < / a > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > appendleft< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-0-10" name = "__codelineno-0-10" href = "#__codelineno-0-10" > < / a >
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< a id = "__codelineno-0-11" name = "__codelineno-0-11" href = "#__codelineno-0-11" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # 访问元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-12" name = "__codelineno-0-12" href = "#__codelineno-0-12" > < / a > < span class = "n" > front< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "c1" > # 队首元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-13" name = "__codelineno-0-13" href = "#__codelineno-0-13" > < / a > < span class = "n" > rear< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "c1" > # 队尾元素< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-0-14" name = "__codelineno-0-14" href = "#__codelineno-0-14" > < / a >
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< a id = "__codelineno-0-15" name = "__codelineno-0-15" href = "#__codelineno-0-15" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # 元素出队< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-16" name = "__codelineno-0-16" href = "#__codelineno-0-16" > < / a > < span class = "n" > pop_front< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > popleft< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "c1" > # 队首元素出队< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-17" name = "__codelineno-0-17" href = "#__codelineno-0-17" > < / a > < span class = "n" > pop_rear< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "o" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > pop< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "c1" > # 队尾元素出队< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-0-18" name = "__codelineno-0-18" href = "#__codelineno-0-18" > < / a >
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< a id = "__codelineno-0-19" name = "__codelineno-0-19" href = "#__codelineno-0-19" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # 获取双向队列的长度< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-20" name = "__codelineno-0-20" href = "#__codelineno-0-20" > < / a > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "nb" > len< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-0-21" name = "__codelineno-0-21" href = "#__codelineno-0-21" > < / a >
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< a id = "__codelineno-0-22" name = "__codelineno-0-22" href = "#__codelineno-0-22" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > # 判断双向队列是否为空< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-0-23" name = "__codelineno-0-23" href = "#__codelineno-0-23" > < / a > < span class = "n" > is_empty< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "nb" > bool< / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "nb" > len< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span >
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< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > deque.cpp< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-1-1" name = "__codelineno-1-1" href = "#__codelineno-1-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 初始化双向队列 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-2" name = "__codelineno-1-2" href = "#__codelineno-1-2" > < / a > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-3" name = "__codelineno-1-3" href = "#__codelineno-1-3" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-4" name = "__codelineno-1-4" href = "#__codelineno-1-4" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 元素入队 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-5" name = "__codelineno-1-5" href = "#__codelineno-1-5" > < / a > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > push_back< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 2< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 添加至队尾< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-6" name = "__codelineno-1-6" href = "#__codelineno-1-6" > < / a > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > push_back< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 5< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-7" name = "__codelineno-1-7" href = "#__codelineno-1-7" > < / a > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > push_back< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 4< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-8" name = "__codelineno-1-8" href = "#__codelineno-1-8" > < / a > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > push_front< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 3< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 添加至队首< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-9" name = "__codelineno-1-9" href = "#__codelineno-1-9" > < / a > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > push_front< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-10" name = "__codelineno-1-10" href = "#__codelineno-1-10" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-11" name = "__codelineno-1-11" href = "#__codelineno-1-11" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 访问元素 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-12" name = "__codelineno-1-12" href = "#__codelineno-1-12" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > front< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > front< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 队首元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-13" name = "__codelineno-1-13" href = "#__codelineno-1-13" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > back< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > back< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 队尾元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-14" name = "__codelineno-1-14" href = "#__codelineno-1-14" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-15" name = "__codelineno-1-15" href = "#__codelineno-1-15" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 元素出队 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-16" name = "__codelineno-1-16" href = "#__codelineno-1-16" > < / a > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > pop_front< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 队首元素出队< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-17" name = "__codelineno-1-17" href = "#__codelineno-1-17" > < / a > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > pop_back< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 队尾元素出队< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-18" name = "__codelineno-1-18" href = "#__codelineno-1-18" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-19" name = "__codelineno-1-19" href = "#__codelineno-1-19" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 获取双向队列的长度 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-20" name = "__codelineno-1-20" href = "#__codelineno-1-20" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-21" name = "__codelineno-1-21" href = "#__codelineno-1-21" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-22" name = "__codelineno-1-22" href = "#__codelineno-1-22" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 判断双向队列是否为空 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-1-23" name = "__codelineno-1-23" href = "#__codelineno-1-23" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > bool< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > empty< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > empty< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
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< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > deque.java< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-2-1" name = "__codelineno-2-1" href = "#__codelineno-2-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 初始化双向队列 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-2" name = "__codelineno-2-2" href = "#__codelineno-2-2" > < / a > < span class = "n" > Deque< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "n" > Integer< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > LinkedList< / span > < span class = "o" > < > < / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-2-3" name = "__codelineno-2-3" href = "#__codelineno-2-3" > < / a >
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< a id = "__codelineno-2-4" name = "__codelineno-2-4" href = "#__codelineno-2-4" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 元素入队 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-5" name = "__codelineno-2-5" href = "#__codelineno-2-5" > < / a > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > offerLast< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 2< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 添加至队尾< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-6" name = "__codelineno-2-6" href = "#__codelineno-2-6" > < / a > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > offerLast< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 5< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-7" name = "__codelineno-2-7" href = "#__codelineno-2-7" > < / a > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > offerLast< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 4< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-8" name = "__codelineno-2-8" href = "#__codelineno-2-8" > < / a > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > offerFirst< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 3< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 添加至队首< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-9" name = "__codelineno-2-9" href = "#__codelineno-2-9" > < / a > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > offerFirst< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-2-10" name = "__codelineno-2-10" href = "#__codelineno-2-10" > < / a >
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< a id = "__codelineno-2-11" name = "__codelineno-2-11" href = "#__codelineno-2-11" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 访问元素 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-12" name = "__codelineno-2-12" href = "#__codelineno-2-12" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > peekFirst< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > peekFirst< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 队首元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-13" name = "__codelineno-2-13" href = "#__codelineno-2-13" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > peekLast< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > peekLast< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 队尾元素< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-2-14" name = "__codelineno-2-14" href = "#__codelineno-2-14" > < / a >
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< a id = "__codelineno-2-15" name = "__codelineno-2-15" href = "#__codelineno-2-15" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 元素出队 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-16" name = "__codelineno-2-16" href = "#__codelineno-2-16" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > popFirst< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > pollFirst< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 队首元素出队< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-17" name = "__codelineno-2-17" href = "#__codelineno-2-17" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > popLast< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > pollLast< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 队尾元素出队< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-2-18" name = "__codelineno-2-18" href = "#__codelineno-2-18" > < / a >
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< a id = "__codelineno-2-19" name = "__codelineno-2-19" href = "#__codelineno-2-19" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 获取双向队列的长度 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-20" name = "__codelineno-2-20" href = "#__codelineno-2-20" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-2-21" name = "__codelineno-2-21" href = "#__codelineno-2-21" > < / a >
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< a id = "__codelineno-2-22" name = "__codelineno-2-22" href = "#__codelineno-2-22" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 判断双向队列是否为空 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-2-23" name = "__codelineno-2-23" href = "#__codelineno-2-23" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > boolean< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "na" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
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< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
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< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > deque.cs< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-3-1" name = "__codelineno-3-1" href = "#__codelineno-3-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 初始化双向队列 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-2" name = "__codelineno-3-2" href = "#__codelineno-3-2" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // 在 C# 中，将链表 LinkedList 看作双向队列来使用< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-3" name = "__codelineno-3-3" href = "#__codelineno-3-3" > < / a > < span class = "n" > LinkedList< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > new< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > LinkedList< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-3-4" name = "__codelineno-3-4" href = "#__codelineno-3-4" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-5" name = "__codelineno-3-5" href = "#__codelineno-3-5" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 元素入队 */< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-3-6" name = "__codelineno-3-6" href = "#__codelineno-3-6" > < / a > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > AddLast< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "m" > 2< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 添加至队尾< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-7" name = "__codelineno-3-7" href = "#__codelineno-3-7" > < / a > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > AddLast< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "m" > 5< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-8" name = "__codelineno-3-8" href = "#__codelineno-3-8" > < / a > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > AddLast< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "m" > 4< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-9" name = "__codelineno-3-9" href = "#__codelineno-3-9" > < / a > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > AddFirst< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "m" > 3< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 添加至队首< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-10" name = "__codelineno-3-10" href = "#__codelineno-3-10" > < / a > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > AddFirst< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "m" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-3-11" name = "__codelineno-3-11" href = "#__codelineno-3-11" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-12" name = "__codelineno-3-12" href = "#__codelineno-3-12" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 访问元素 */< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-3-13" name = "__codelineno-3-13" href = "#__codelineno-3-13" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > peekFirst< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > First< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > Value< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 队首元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-14" name = "__codelineno-3-14" href = "#__codelineno-3-14" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > peekLast< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > Last< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > Value< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 队尾元素< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-3-15" name = "__codelineno-3-15" href = "#__codelineno-3-15" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-16" name = "__codelineno-3-16" href = "#__codelineno-3-16" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 元素出队 */< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-3-17" name = "__codelineno-3-17" href = "#__codelineno-3-17" > < / a > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > RemoveFirst< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 队首元素出队< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-18" name = "__codelineno-3-18" href = "#__codelineno-3-18" > < / a > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > RemoveLast< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 队尾元素出队< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-3-19" name = "__codelineno-3-19" href = "#__codelineno-3-19" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-20" name = "__codelineno-3-20" href = "#__codelineno-3-20" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 获取双向队列的长度 */< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-3-21" name = "__codelineno-3-21" href = "#__codelineno-3-21" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > Count< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-3-22" name = "__codelineno-3-22" href = "#__codelineno-3-22" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-3-23" name = "__codelineno-3-23" href = "#__codelineno-3-23" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 判断双向队列是否为空 */< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-3-24" name = "__codelineno-3-24" href = "#__codelineno-3-24" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > bool< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > Count< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "m" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
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< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
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< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > deque_test.go< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-4-1" name = "__codelineno-4-1" href = "#__codelineno-4-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 初始化双向队列 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-2" name = "__codelineno-4-2" href = "#__codelineno-4-2" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // 在 Go 中，将 list 作为双向队列使用< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-3" name = "__codelineno-4-3" href = "#__codelineno-4-3" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > deque< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > list< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > New< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-4-4" name = "__codelineno-4-4" href = "#__codelineno-4-4" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-5" name = "__codelineno-4-5" href = "#__codelineno-4-5" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 元素入队 */< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-4-6" name = "__codelineno-4-6" href = "#__codelineno-4-6" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > PushBack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 2< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 添加至队尾< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-7" name = "__codelineno-4-7" href = "#__codelineno-4-7" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > PushBack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 5< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-8" name = "__codelineno-4-8" href = "#__codelineno-4-8" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > PushBack< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 4< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-9" name = "__codelineno-4-9" href = "#__codelineno-4-9" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > PushFront< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 3< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 添加至队首< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-10" name = "__codelineno-4-10" href = "#__codelineno-4-10" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > PushFront< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-11" name = "__codelineno-4-11" href = "#__codelineno-4-11" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-12" name = "__codelineno-4-12" href = "#__codelineno-4-12" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 访问元素 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-13" name = "__codelineno-4-13" href = "#__codelineno-4-13" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > front< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > Front< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 队首元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-14" name = "__codelineno-4-14" href = "#__codelineno-4-14" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > rear< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > Back< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 队尾元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-15" name = "__codelineno-4-15" href = "#__codelineno-4-15" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-16" name = "__codelineno-4-16" href = "#__codelineno-4-16" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 元素出队 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-17" name = "__codelineno-4-17" href = "#__codelineno-4-17" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > Remove< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > front< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 队首元素出队< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-18" name = "__codelineno-4-18" href = "#__codelineno-4-18" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > Remove< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "nx" > rear< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 队尾元素出队< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-4-19" name = "__codelineno-4-19" href = "#__codelineno-4-19" > < / a >
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< a id = "__codelineno-4-20" name = "__codelineno-4-20" href = "#__codelineno-4-20" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 获取双向队列的长度 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-21" name = "__codelineno-4-21" href = "#__codelineno-4-21" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > size< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > Len< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-22" name = "__codelineno-4-22" href = "#__codelineno-4-22" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-23" name = "__codelineno-4-23" href = "#__codelineno-4-23" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 判断双向队列是否为空 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-4-24" name = "__codelineno-4-24" href = "#__codelineno-4-24" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > :=< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > Len< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ==< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span >
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< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
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< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > deque.swift< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-5-1" name = "__codelineno-5-1" href = "#__codelineno-5-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 初始化双向队列 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-2" name = "__codelineno-5-2" href = "#__codelineno-5-2" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // Swift 没有内置的双向队列类，可以把 Array 当作双向队列来使用< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-3" name = "__codelineno-5-3" href = "#__codelineno-5-3" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > var< / span > < span class = "nv" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nb" > Int< / span > < span class = "p" > ]< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-5-4" name = "__codelineno-5-4" href = "#__codelineno-5-4" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-5" name = "__codelineno-5-5" href = "#__codelineno-5-5" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 元素入队 */< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-5-6" name = "__codelineno-5-6" href = "#__codelineno-5-6" > < / a > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > append< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 2< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "c1" > // 添加至队尾< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-7" name = "__codelineno-5-7" href = "#__codelineno-5-7" > < / a > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > append< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 5< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-8" name = "__codelineno-5-8" href = "#__codelineno-5-8" > < / a > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > append< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 4< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-9" name = "__codelineno-5-9" href = "#__codelineno-5-9" > < / a > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "bp" > insert< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 3< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > at< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "c1" > // 添加至队首< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-10" name = "__codelineno-5-10" href = "#__codelineno-5-10" > < / a > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "bp" > insert< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "n" > at< / span > < span class = "p" > :< / span > < span class = "mi" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-11" name = "__codelineno-5-11" href = "#__codelineno-5-11" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-12" name = "__codelineno-5-12" href = "#__codelineno-5-12" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 访问元素 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-13" name = "__codelineno-5-13" href = "#__codelineno-5-13" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "nv" > peekFirst< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "bp" > first< / span > < span class = "p" > !< / span > < span class = "c1" > // 队首元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-14" name = "__codelineno-5-14" href = "#__codelineno-5-14" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "nv" > peekLast< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "bp" > last< / span > < span class = "p" > !< / span > < span class = "c1" > // 队尾元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-15" name = "__codelineno-5-15" href = "#__codelineno-5-15" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-16" name = "__codelineno-5-16" href = "#__codelineno-5-16" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 元素出队 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-17" name = "__codelineno-5-17" href = "#__codelineno-5-17" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // 使用 Array 模拟时 popFirst 的复杂度为 O(n)< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-18" name = "__codelineno-5-18" href = "#__codelineno-5-18" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "nv" > popFirst< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > removeFirst< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "c1" > // 队首元素出队< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-19" name = "__codelineno-5-19" href = "#__codelineno-5-19" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "nv" > popLast< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "bp" > removeLast< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "c1" > // 队尾元素出队< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-20" name = "__codelineno-5-20" href = "#__codelineno-5-20" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-21" name = "__codelineno-5-21" href = "#__codelineno-5-21" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 获取双向队列的长度 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-22" name = "__codelineno-5-22" href = "#__codelineno-5-22" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "nv" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "bp" > count< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-23" name = "__codelineno-5-23" href = "#__codelineno-5-23" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-24" name = "__codelineno-5-24" href = "#__codelineno-5-24" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 判断双向队列是否为空 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-5-25" name = "__codelineno-5-25" href = "#__codelineno-5-25" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "nv" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "p" > =< / span > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "bp" > isEmpty< / span >
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< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
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< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > deque.js< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-6-1" name = "__codelineno-6-1" href = "#__codelineno-6-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 初始化双向队列 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-2" name = "__codelineno-6-2" href = "#__codelineno-6-2" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // JavaScript 没有内置的双端队列，只能把 Array 当作双端队列来使用< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-3" name = "__codelineno-6-3" href = "#__codelineno-6-3" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > deque< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > [];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-4" name = "__codelineno-6-4" href = "#__codelineno-6-4" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-5" name = "__codelineno-6-5" href = "#__codelineno-6-5" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 元素入队 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-6" name = "__codelineno-6-6" href = "#__codelineno-6-6" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mf" > 2< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-7" name = "__codelineno-6-7" href = "#__codelineno-6-7" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mf" > 5< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-8" name = "__codelineno-6-8" href = "#__codelineno-6-8" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mf" > 4< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-9" name = "__codelineno-6-9" href = "#__codelineno-6-9" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // 请注意， ， < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-10" name = "__codelineno-6-10" href = "#__codelineno-6-10" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > unshift< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mf" > 3< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-11" name = "__codelineno-6-11" href = "#__codelineno-6-11" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > unshift< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mf" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-12" name = "__codelineno-6-12" href = "#__codelineno-6-12" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > console< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > log< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s2" > " 双向队列 deque = " < / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-13" name = "__codelineno-6-13" href = "#__codelineno-6-13" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-14" name = "__codelineno-6-14" href = "#__codelineno-6-14" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 访问元素 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-15" name = "__codelineno-6-15" href = "#__codelineno-6-15" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > peekFirst< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-16" name = "__codelineno-6-16" href = "#__codelineno-6-16" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > console< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > log< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s2" > " 队首元素 peekFirst = " < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > peekFirst< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-17" name = "__codelineno-6-17" href = "#__codelineno-6-17" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > peekLast< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > length< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-18" name = "__codelineno-6-18" href = "#__codelineno-6-18" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > console< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > log< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s2" > " 队尾元素 peekLast = " < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > peekLast< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-19" name = "__codelineno-6-19" href = "#__codelineno-6-19" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-20" name = "__codelineno-6-20" href = "#__codelineno-6-20" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 元素出队 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-21" name = "__codelineno-6-21" href = "#__codelineno-6-21" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // 请注意， ， < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-22" name = "__codelineno-6-22" href = "#__codelineno-6-22" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > popFront< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > shift< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-23" name = "__codelineno-6-23" href = "#__codelineno-6-23" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > console< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > log< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s2" > " 队首出队元素 popFront = " < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > popFront< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s2" > " ，队首出队后 deque = " < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-24" name = "__codelineno-6-24" href = "#__codelineno-6-24" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > popBack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > pop< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-25" name = "__codelineno-6-25" href = "#__codelineno-6-25" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > console< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > log< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s2" > " 队尾出队元素 popBack = " < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > popBack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s2" > " ，队尾出队后 deque = " < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-26" name = "__codelineno-6-26" href = "#__codelineno-6-26" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-27" name = "__codelineno-6-27" href = "#__codelineno-6-27" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 获取双向队列的长度 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-28" name = "__codelineno-6-28" href = "#__codelineno-6-28" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > size< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > length< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-29" name = "__codelineno-6-29" href = "#__codelineno-6-29" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > console< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > log< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s2" > " 双向队列长度 size = " < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-30" name = "__codelineno-6-30" href = "#__codelineno-6-30" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-31" name = "__codelineno-6-31" href = "#__codelineno-6-31" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 判断双向队列是否为空 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-32" name = "__codelineno-6-32" href = "#__codelineno-6-32" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > size< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ===< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-6-33" name = "__codelineno-6-33" href = "#__codelineno-6-33" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > console< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > log< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s2" > " 双向队列是否为空 = " < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
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< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
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< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > deque.ts< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-7-1" name = "__codelineno-7-1" href = "#__codelineno-7-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 初始化双向队列 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-2" name = "__codelineno-7-2" href = "#__codelineno-7-2" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // TypeScript 没有内置的双端队列，只能把 Array 当作双端队列来使用< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-3" name = "__codelineno-7-3" href = "#__codelineno-7-3" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > deque< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "p" > []< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > [];< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-7-4" name = "__codelineno-7-4" href = "#__codelineno-7-4" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-5" name = "__codelineno-7-5" href = "#__codelineno-7-5" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 元素入队 */< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-7-6" name = "__codelineno-7-6" href = "#__codelineno-7-6" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mf" > 2< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-7" name = "__codelineno-7-7" href = "#__codelineno-7-7" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mf" > 5< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-8" name = "__codelineno-7-8" href = "#__codelineno-7-8" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > push< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mf" > 4< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-9" name = "__codelineno-7-9" href = "#__codelineno-7-9" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // 请注意， ， < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-10" name = "__codelineno-7-10" href = "#__codelineno-7-10" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > unshift< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mf" > 3< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-11" name = "__codelineno-7-11" href = "#__codelineno-7-11" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > unshift< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mf" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-12" name = "__codelineno-7-12" href = "#__codelineno-7-12" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > console< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > log< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s2" > " 双向队列 deque = " < / span > < span class = "p" > ,< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-13" name = "__codelineno-7-13" href = "#__codelineno-7-13" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-14" name = "__codelineno-7-14" href = "#__codelineno-7-14" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 访问元素 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-15" name = "__codelineno-7-15" href = "#__codelineno-7-15" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > peekFirst< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-16" name = "__codelineno-7-16" href = "#__codelineno-7-16" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > console< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > log< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s2" > " 队首元素 peekFirst = " < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > peekFirst< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-17" name = "__codelineno-7-17" href = "#__codelineno-7-17" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > peekLast< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "nx" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > length< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > ];< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-18" name = "__codelineno-7-18" href = "#__codelineno-7-18" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > console< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > log< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s2" > " 队尾元素 peekLast = " < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > peekLast< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-7-19" name = "__codelineno-7-19" href = "#__codelineno-7-19" > < / a >
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< a id = "__codelineno-7-20" name = "__codelineno-7-20" href = "#__codelineno-7-20" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 元素出队 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-21" name = "__codelineno-7-21" href = "#__codelineno-7-21" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // 请注意， ， < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-22" name = "__codelineno-7-22" href = "#__codelineno-7-22" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > popFront< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > shift< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kr" > as< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-23" name = "__codelineno-7-23" href = "#__codelineno-7-23" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > console< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > log< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s2" > " 队首出队元素 popFront = " < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > popFront< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s2" > " ，队首出队后 deque = " < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-24" name = "__codelineno-7-24" href = "#__codelineno-7-24" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > popBack< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > pop< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kr" > as< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-25" name = "__codelineno-7-25" href = "#__codelineno-7-25" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > console< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > log< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s2" > " 队尾出队元素 popBack = " < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > popBack< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "s2" > " ，队尾出队后 deque = " < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-26" name = "__codelineno-7-26" href = "#__codelineno-7-26" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-27" name = "__codelineno-7-27" href = "#__codelineno-7-27" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 获取双向队列的长度 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-28" name = "__codelineno-7-28" href = "#__codelineno-7-28" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > size< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > number< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > length< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-29" name = "__codelineno-7-29" href = "#__codelineno-7-29" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > console< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > log< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s2" > " 双向队列长度 size = " < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > size< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-30" name = "__codelineno-7-30" href = "#__codelineno-7-30" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-31" name = "__codelineno-7-31" href = "#__codelineno-7-31" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 判断双向队列是否为空 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-32" name = "__codelineno-7-32" href = "#__codelineno-7-32" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > const< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "o" > :< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kt" > boolean< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > size< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > ===< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "mf" > 0< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-7-33" name = "__codelineno-7-33" href = "#__codelineno-7-33" > < / a > < span class = "nx" > console< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "nx" > log< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "s2" > " 双向队列是否为空 = " < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > +< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nx" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
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< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
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< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > deque.dart< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-8-1" name = "__codelineno-8-1" href = "#__codelineno-8-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 初始化双向队列 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-2" name = "__codelineno-8-2" href = "#__codelineno-8-2" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // 在 Dart 中， < / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-3" name = "__codelineno-8-3" href = "#__codelineno-8-3" > < / a > < span class = "n" > Queue< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > Queue< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-8-4" name = "__codelineno-8-4" href = "#__codelineno-8-4" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-5" name = "__codelineno-8-5" href = "#__codelineno-8-5" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 元素入队 */< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-8-6" name = "__codelineno-8-6" href = "#__codelineno-8-6" > < / a > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > addLast< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "m" > 2< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 添加至队尾< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-7" name = "__codelineno-8-7" href = "#__codelineno-8-7" > < / a > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > addLast< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "m" > 5< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-8" name = "__codelineno-8-8" href = "#__codelineno-8-8" > < / a > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > addLast< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "m" > 4< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-9" name = "__codelineno-8-9" href = "#__codelineno-8-9" > < / a > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > addFirst< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "m" > 3< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 添加至队首< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-10" name = "__codelineno-8-10" href = "#__codelineno-8-10" > < / a > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > addFirst< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "m" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-8-11" name = "__codelineno-8-11" href = "#__codelineno-8-11" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-12" name = "__codelineno-8-12" href = "#__codelineno-8-12" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 访问元素 */< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-8-13" name = "__codelineno-8-13" href = "#__codelineno-8-13" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > peekFirst< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > first< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 队首元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-14" name = "__codelineno-8-14" href = "#__codelineno-8-14" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > peekLast< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > last< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 队尾元素< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-8-15" name = "__codelineno-8-15" href = "#__codelineno-8-15" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-16" name = "__codelineno-8-16" href = "#__codelineno-8-16" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 元素出队 */< / span >
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< a id = "__codelineno-8-17" name = "__codelineno-8-17" href = "#__codelineno-8-17" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > popFirst< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > removeFirst< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 队首元素出队< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-18" name = "__codelineno-8-18" href = "#__codelineno-8-18" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > popLast< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > removeLast< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 队尾元素出队< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-19" name = "__codelineno-8-19" href = "#__codelineno-8-19" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-20" name = "__codelineno-8-20" href = "#__codelineno-8-20" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 获取双向队列的长度 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-21" name = "__codelineno-8-21" href = "#__codelineno-8-21" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > int< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > length< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-22" name = "__codelineno-8-22" href = "#__codelineno-8-22" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-23" name = "__codelineno-8-23" href = "#__codelineno-8-23" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 判断双向队列是否为空 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-8-24" name = "__codelineno-8-24" href = "#__codelineno-8-24" > < / a > < span class = "kt" > bool< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > isEmpty< / span > < span class = "p" > ;< / span > < span class = "n" > W< / span >
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< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
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< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > deque.rs< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-9-1" name = "__codelineno-9-1" href = "#__codelineno-9-1" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 初始化双向队列 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-2" name = "__codelineno-9-2" href = "#__codelineno-9-2" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "k" > mut< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > : < span class = "nc" > VecDeque< / span > < span class = "o" > < < / span > < span class = "kt" > u32< / span > < span class = "o" > > < / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > VecDeque< / span > ::< span class = "n" > new< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-3" name = "__codelineno-9-3" href = "#__codelineno-9-3" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-4" name = "__codelineno-9-4" href = "#__codelineno-9-4" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 元素入队 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-5" name = "__codelineno-9-5" href = "#__codelineno-9-5" > < / a > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > push_back< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 2< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 添加至队尾< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-6" name = "__codelineno-9-6" href = "#__codelineno-9-6" > < / a > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > push_back< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 5< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-7" name = "__codelineno-9-7" href = "#__codelineno-9-7" > < / a > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > push_back< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 4< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-8" name = "__codelineno-9-8" href = "#__codelineno-9-8" > < / a > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > push_front< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 3< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 添加至队首< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-9" name = "__codelineno-9-9" href = "#__codelineno-9-9" > < / a > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > push_front< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "mi" > 1< / span > < span class = "p" > );< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-10" name = "__codelineno-9-10" href = "#__codelineno-9-10" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-11" name = "__codelineno-9-11" href = "#__codelineno-9-11" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 访问元素 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-12" name = "__codelineno-9-12" href = "#__codelineno-9-12" > < / a > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > Some< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > front< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > front< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 队首元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-13" name = "__codelineno-9-13" href = "#__codelineno-9-13" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-14" name = "__codelineno-9-14" href = "#__codelineno-9-14" > < / a > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > Some< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > rear< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > back< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 队尾元素< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-15" name = "__codelineno-9-15" href = "#__codelineno-9-15" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-16" name = "__codelineno-9-16" href = "#__codelineno-9-16" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-17" name = "__codelineno-9-17" href = "#__codelineno-9-17" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 元素出队 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-18" name = "__codelineno-9-18" href = "#__codelineno-9-18" > < / a > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > Some< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > pop_front< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > pop_front< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 队首元素出队< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-19" name = "__codelineno-9-19" href = "#__codelineno-9-19" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-20" name = "__codelineno-9-20" href = "#__codelineno-9-20" > < / a > < span class = "k" > if< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "nb" > Some< / span > < span class = "p" > (< / span > < span class = "n" > pop_rear< / span > < span class = "p" > )< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > pop_back< / span > < span class = "p" > ()< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "p" > {< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "c1" > // 队尾元素出队< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-21" name = "__codelineno-9-21" href = "#__codelineno-9-21" > < / a > < span class = "p" > }< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-22" name = "__codelineno-9-22" href = "#__codelineno-9-22" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-23" name = "__codelineno-9-23" href = "#__codelineno-9-23" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 获取双向队列的长度 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-24" name = "__codelineno-9-24" href = "#__codelineno-9-24" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > size< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > len< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-25" name = "__codelineno-9-25" href = "#__codelineno-9-25" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-26" name = "__codelineno-9-26" href = "#__codelineno-9-26" > < / a > < span class = "cm" > /* 判断双向队列是否为空 */< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-9-27" name = "__codelineno-9-27" href = "#__codelineno-9-27" > < / a > < span class = "kd" > let< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > is_empty< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "o" > =< / span > < span class = "w" > < / span > < span class = "n" > deque< / span > < span class = "p" > .< / span > < span class = "n" > is_empty< / span > < span class = "p" > ();< / span >
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< / code > < / pre > < / div >
< / div >
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< div class = "tabbed-block" >
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< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > deque.c< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-10-1" name = "__codelineno-10-1" href = "#__codelineno-10-1" > < / a > < span class = "c1" > // C 未提供内置双向队列< / span >
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< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > deque.zig< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-11-1" name = "__codelineno-11-1" href = "#__codelineno-11-1" > < / a >
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< / code > < / pre > < / div >
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< h2 id = "532" > 5.3.2 双向队列实现 *< a class = "headerlink" href = "#532" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h2 >
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< p > 双向队列的实现与队列类似，可以选择链表或数组作为底层数据结构。< / p >
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< h3 id = "1" > 1. 基于双向链表的实现< a class = "headerlink" href = "#1" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h3 >
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< p > 回顾上一节内容，我们使用普通单向链表来实现队列，因为它可以方便地删除头节点（对应出队操作）和在尾节点后添加新节点（对应入队操作）。< / p >
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< p > 对于双向队列而言，头部和尾部都可以执行入队和出队操作。换句话说，双向队列需要实现另一个对称方向的操作。为此，我们采用“双向链表”作为双向队列的底层数据结构。< / p >
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< p > 如图 5-8 所示，我们将双向链表的头节点和尾节点视为双向队列的队首和队尾，同时实现在两端添加和删除节点的功能。< / p >
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< div class = "tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs = "2:5" > < input checked = "checked" id = "__tabbed_2_1" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_2_2" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_2_3" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_2_4" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_2_5" name = "__tabbed_2" type = "radio" / > < div class = "tabbed-labels" > < label for = "__tabbed_2_1" > LinkedListDeque< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_2_2" > pushLast()< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_2_3" > pushFirst()< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_2_4" > popLast()< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_2_5" > popFirst()< / label > < / div >
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< div class = "tabbed-content" >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
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< p > < a class = "glightbox" href = "../deque.assets/linkedlist_deque.png" data-type = "image" data-width = "100%" data-height = "auto" data-desc-position = "bottom" > < img alt = "基于链表实现双向队列的入队出队操作" src = "../deque.assets/linkedlist_deque.png" / > < / a > < / p >
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< / div >
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< p > < a class = "glightbox" href = "../deque.assets/linkedlist_deque_push_last.png" data-type = "image" data-width = "100%" data-height = "auto" data-desc-position = "bottom" > < img alt = "linkedlist_deque_push_last" src = "../deque.assets/linkedlist_deque_push_last.png" / > < / a > < / p >
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< p > < a class = "glightbox" href = "../deque.assets/linkedlist_deque_push_first.png" data-type = "image" data-width = "100%" data-height = "auto" data-desc-position = "bottom" > < img alt = "linkedlist_deque_push_first" src = "../deque.assets/linkedlist_deque_push_first.png" / > < / a > < / p >
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< / div >
< div class = "tabbed-block" >
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< p > < a class = "glightbox" href = "../deque.assets/linkedlist_deque_pop_last.png" data-type = "image" data-width = "100%" data-height = "auto" data-desc-position = "bottom" > < img alt = "linkedlist_deque_pop_last" src = "../deque.assets/linkedlist_deque_pop_last.png" / > < / a > < / p >
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< / div >
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< p > < a class = "glightbox" href = "../deque.assets/linkedlist_deque_pop_first.png" data-type = "image" data-width = "100%" data-height = "auto" data-desc-position = "bottom" > < img alt = "linkedlist_deque_pop_first" src = "../deque.assets/linkedlist_deque_pop_first.png" / > < / a > < / p >
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< p align = "center" > 图 5-8 基于链表实现双向队列的入队出队操作 < / p >
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< p > 实现代码如下所示。< / p >
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< div class = "tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs = "3:12" > < input checked = "checked" id = "__tabbed_3_1" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_2" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_3" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_4" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_5" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_6" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_7" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_8" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_9" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_10" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_11" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_3_12" name = "__tabbed_3" type = "radio" / > < div class = "tabbed-labels" > < label for = "__tabbed_3_1" > Python< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_2" > C++< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_3" > Java< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_4" > C#< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_5" > Go< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_6" > Swift< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_7" > JS< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_8" > TS< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_9" > Dart< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_10" > Rust< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_11" > C< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_3_12" > Zig< / label > < / div >
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< div class = "tabbed-block" >
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< div class = "highlight" > < span class = "filename" > linkedlist_deque.py< / span > < pre > < span > < / span > < code > < a id = "__codelineno-12-1" name = "__codelineno-12-1" href = "#__codelineno-12-1" > < / a > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > class< / span > < span class = "p" > ]{< / span > < span class = "n" > ListNode< / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > func< / span > < span class = "p" > ]{}< / span >
< a id = "__codelineno-12-2" name = "__codelineno-12-2" href = "#__codelineno-12-2" > < / a >
< a id = "__codelineno-12-3" name = "__codelineno-12-3" href = "#__codelineno-12-3" > < / a > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > class< / span > < span class = "p" > ]{< / span > < span class = "n" > LinkedListDeque< / span > < span class = "p" > }< / span > < span class = "o" > -< / span > < span class = "p" > [< / span > < span class = "n" > func< / span > < span class = "p" > ]{}< / span >
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< h3 id = "2" > 2. 基于数组的实现< a class = "headerlink" href = "#2" title = "Permanent link" > ¶ < / a > < / h3 >
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< p > 如图 5-9 所示，与基于数组实现队列类似，我们也可以使用环形数组来实现双向队列。< / p >
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< div class = "tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs = "4:5" > < input checked = "checked" id = "__tabbed_4_1" name = "__tabbed_4" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_4_2" name = "__tabbed_4" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_4_3" name = "__tabbed_4" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_4_4" name = "__tabbed_4" type = "radio" / > < input id = "__tabbed_4_5" name = "__tabbed_4" type = "radio" / > < div class = "tabbed-labels" > < label for = "__tabbed_4_1" > ArrayDeque< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_4_2" > pushLast()< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_4_3" > pushFirst()< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_4_4" > popLast()< / label > < label for = "__tabbed_4_5" > popFirst()< / label > < / div >
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< p > < a class = "glightbox" href = "../deque.assets/array_deque.png" data-type = "image" data-width = "100%" data-height = "auto" data-desc-position = "bottom" > < img alt = "基于数组实现双向队列的入队出队操作" src = "../deque.assets/array_deque.png" / > < / a > < / p >
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< p > < a class = "glightbox" href = "../deque.assets/array_deque_push_last.png" data-type = "image" data-width = "100%" data-height = "auto" data-desc-position = "bottom" > < img alt = "array_deque_push_last" src = "../deque.assets/array_deque_push_last.png" / > < / a > < / p >
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< p > < a class = "glightbox" href = "../deque.assets/array_deque_push_first.png" data-type = "image" data-width = "100%" data-height = "auto" data-desc-position = "bottom" > < img alt = "array_deque_push_first" src = "../deque.assets/array_deque_push_first.png" / > < / a > < / p >
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< p > < a class = "glightbox" href = "../deque.assets/array_deque_pop_last.png" data-type = "image" data-width = "100%" data-height = "auto" data-desc-position = "bottom" > < img alt = "array_deque_pop_last" src = "../deque.assets/array_deque_pop_last.png" / > < / a > < / p >
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< p > < a class = "glightbox" href = "../deque.assets/array_deque_pop_first.png" data-type = "image" data-width = "100%" data-height = "auto" data-desc-position = "bottom" > < img alt = "array_deque_pop_first" src = "../deque.assets/array_deque_pop_first.png" / > < / a > < / p >
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< p align = "center" > 图 5-9 基于数组实现双向队列的入队出队操作 < / p >
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< p > 在队列的实现基础上，仅需增加“队首入队”和“队尾出队”的方法。< / p >
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< p > 双向队列兼具栈与队列的逻辑，< strong > 因此它可以实现这两者的所有应用场景，同时提供更高的自由度< / strong > 。< / p >
< p > 我们知道，软件的“撤销”功能通常使用栈来实现：系统将每次更改操作 < code > push< / code > 到栈中，然后通过 < code > pop< / code > 实现撤销。然而，考虑到系统资源的限制，软件通常会限制撤销的步数（例如仅允许保存 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(50\)< / span > 步）。当栈的长度超过 < span class = "arithmatex" > \(50\)< / span > 时，软件需要在栈底（即队首）执行删除操作。< strong > 但栈无法实现该功能，此时就需要使用双向队列来替代栈< / strong > 。请注意，“撤销”的核心逻辑仍然遵循栈的先入后出原则，只是双向队列能够更加灵活地实现一些额外逻辑。< / p >
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< script id = "__config" type = "application/json" > { "base" : "../.." , "features" : [ "content.action.edit" , "content.code.annotate" , "content.code.copy" , "content.tabs.link" , "content.tooltips" , "navigation.indexes" , "navigation.instant" , "navigation.top" , "navigation.footer" , "navigation.tracking" , "search.highlight" , "search.share" , "search.suggest" , "toc.follow" ] , "search" : "../../assets/javascripts/workers/search.a264c092.min.js" , "translations" : { "clipboard.copied" : "\u5df2\u590d\u5236" , "clipboard.copy" : "\u590d\u5236" , "search.result.more.one" : "\u5728\u8be5\u9875\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6709 1 \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c" , "search.result.more.other" : "\u5728\u8be5\u9875\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6709 # \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c" , "search.result.none" : "\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c" , "search.result.one" : "\u627e\u5230 1 \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c" , "search.result.other" : "# \u4e2a\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c" , "search.result.placeholder" : "\u952e\u5165\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u641c\u7d22" , "search.result.term.missing" : "\u7f3a\u5c11" , "select.version" : "\u9009\u62e9\u5f53\u524d\u7248\u672c" } } < / script >
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< script src = "../../assets/javascripts/bundle.4e0fa4ba.min.js" > < / script >
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< script src = "../../javascripts/mathjax.js" > < / script >
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< script src = "https://polyfill.io/v3/polyfill.min.js?features=es6" > < / script >
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< script src = "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/tex-mml-chtml.js" > < / script >
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< script > document $ . subscribe ( ( ) => { const lightbox = GLightbox ( { "touchNavigation" : true , "loop" : false , "zoomable" : true , "draggable" : false , "openEffect" : "zoom" , "closeEffect" : "zoom" , "slideEffect" : "none" } ) ; } ) < / script > < / body >
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< / html >
