mirror of
https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo.git
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138 lines
3.7 KiB
Kotlin
138 lines
3.7 KiB
Kotlin
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/**
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* File: min_path_sum.kt
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* Created Time: 2024-01-25
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* Author: curtishd (1023632660@qq.com)
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*/
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package chapter_dynamic_programming
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import java.util.*
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import kotlin.math.min
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/* 最小路徑和:暴力搜尋 */
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fun minPathSumDFS(
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grid: Array<Array<Int>>,
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i: Int,
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j: Int
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): Int {
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// 若為左上角單元格,則終止搜尋
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if (i == 0 && j == 0) {
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return grid[0][0]
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}
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// 若行列索引越界,則返回 +∞ 代價
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if (i < 0 || j < 0) {
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return Int.MAX_VALUE
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}
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// 計算從左上角到 (i-1, j) 和 (i, j-1) 的最小路徑代價
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val up = minPathSumDFS(grid, i - 1, j)
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val left = minPathSumDFS(grid, i, j - 1)
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// 返回從左上角到 (i, j) 的最小路徑代價
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return (min(left.toDouble(), up.toDouble()) + grid[i][j]).toInt()
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}
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/* 最小路徑和:記憶化搜尋 */
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fun minPathSumDFSMem(
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grid: Array<Array<Int>>,
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mem: Array<Array<Int>>,
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i: Int,
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j: Int
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): Int {
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// 若為左上角單元格,則終止搜尋
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if (i == 0 && j == 0) {
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return grid[0][0]
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}
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// 若行列索引越界,則返回 +∞ 代價
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if (i < 0 || j < 0) {
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return Int.MAX_VALUE
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}
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// 若已有記錄,則直接返回
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if (mem[i][j] != -1) {
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return mem[i][j]
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}
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// 左邊和上邊單元格的最小路徑代價
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val up = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i - 1, j)
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val left = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, i, j - 1)
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// 記錄並返回左上角到 (i, j) 的最小路徑代價
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mem[i][j] = (min(left.toDouble(), up.toDouble()) + grid[i][j]).toInt()
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return mem[i][j]
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}
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/* 最小路徑和:動態規劃 */
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fun minPathSumDP(grid: Array<Array<Int>>): Int {
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val n = grid.size
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val m = grid[0].size
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// 初始化 dp 表
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val dp = Array(n) { IntArray(m) }
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dp[0][0] = grid[0][0]
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// 狀態轉移:首行
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for (j in 1..<m) {
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dp[0][j] = dp[0][j - 1] + grid[0][j]
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}
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// 狀態轉移:首列
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for (i in 1..<n) {
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dp[i][0] = dp[i - 1][0] + grid[i][0]
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}
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// 狀態轉移:其餘行和列
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for (i in 1..<n) {
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for (j in 1..<m) {
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dp[i][j] =
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(min(dp[i][j - 1].toDouble(), dp[i - 1][j].toDouble()) + grid[i][j]).toInt()
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}
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}
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return dp[n - 1][m - 1]
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}
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/* 最小路徑和:空間最佳化後的動態規劃 */
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fun minPathSumDPComp(grid: Array<Array<Int>>): Int {
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val n = grid.size
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val m = grid[0].size
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// 初始化 dp 表
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val dp = IntArray(m)
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// 狀態轉移:首行
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dp[0] = grid[0][0]
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for (j in 1..<m) {
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dp[j] = dp[j - 1] + grid[0][j]
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}
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// 狀態轉移:其餘行
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for (i in 1..<n) {
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// 狀態轉移:首列
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dp[0] = dp[0] + grid[i][0]
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// 狀態轉移:其餘列
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for (j in 1..<m) {
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dp[j] = (min(dp[j - 1].toDouble(), dp[j].toDouble()) + grid[i][j]).toInt()
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}
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}
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return dp[m - 1]
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}
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/* Driver Code */
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fun main() {
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val grid = arrayOf(
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arrayOf(1, 3, 1, 5),
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arrayOf(2, 2, 4, 2),
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arrayOf(5, 3, 2, 1),
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arrayOf(4, 3, 5, 2)
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)
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val n = grid.size
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val m = grid[0].size
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// 暴力搜尋
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var res = minPathSumDFS(grid, n - 1, m - 1)
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println("從左上角到右下角的最小路徑和為 $res")
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// 記憶化搜尋
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val mem = Array(n) { Array(m) { 0 } }
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for (row in mem) {
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Arrays.fill(row, -1)
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}
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res = minPathSumDFSMem(grid, mem, n - 1, m - 1)
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println("從左上角到右下角的最小路徑和為 $res")
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// 動態規劃
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res = minPathSumDP(grid)
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println("從左上角到右下角的最小路徑和為 $res")
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// 空間最佳化後的動態規劃
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res = minPathSumDPComp(grid)
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println("從左上角到右下角的最小路徑和為 $res")
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}
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