2023-07-18 12:49:03 +08:00
|
|
|
|
/**
|
|
|
|
|
* File: edit_distance.swift
|
|
|
|
|
* Created Time: 2023-07-16
|
|
|
|
|
* Author: nuomi1 (nuomi1@qq.com)
|
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 编辑距离:暴力搜索 */
|
|
|
|
|
func editDistanceDFS(s: String, t: String, i: Int, j: Int) -> Int {
|
|
|
|
|
// 若 s 和 t 都为空,则返回 0
|
|
|
|
|
if i == 0, j == 0 {
|
|
|
|
|
return 0
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 若 s 为空,则返回 t 长度
|
|
|
|
|
if i == 0 {
|
|
|
|
|
return j
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 若 t 为空,则返回 s 长度
|
|
|
|
|
if j == 0 {
|
|
|
|
|
return i
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 若两字符相等,则直接跳过此两字符
|
|
|
|
|
if s.utf8CString[i - 1] == t.utf8CString[j - 1] {
|
|
|
|
|
return editDistanceDFS(s: s, t: t, i: i - 1, j: j - 1)
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 最少编辑步数 = 插入、删除、替换这三种操作的最少编辑步数 + 1
|
|
|
|
|
let insert = editDistanceDFS(s: s, t: t, i: i, j: j - 1)
|
|
|
|
|
let delete = editDistanceDFS(s: s, t: t, i: i - 1, j: j)
|
|
|
|
|
let replace = editDistanceDFS(s: s, t: t, i: i - 1, j: j - 1)
|
|
|
|
|
// 返回最少编辑步数
|
|
|
|
|
return min(min(insert, delete), replace) + 1
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 编辑距离:记忆化搜索 */
|
|
|
|
|
func editDistanceDFSMem(s: String, t: String, mem: inout [[Int]], i: Int, j: Int) -> Int {
|
|
|
|
|
// 若 s 和 t 都为空,则返回 0
|
|
|
|
|
if i == 0, j == 0 {
|
|
|
|
|
return 0
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 若 s 为空,则返回 t 长度
|
|
|
|
|
if i == 0 {
|
|
|
|
|
return j
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 若 t 为空,则返回 s 长度
|
|
|
|
|
if j == 0 {
|
|
|
|
|
return i
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 若已有记录,则直接返回之
|
|
|
|
|
if mem[i][j] != -1 {
|
|
|
|
|
return mem[i][j]
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 若两字符相等,则直接跳过此两字符
|
|
|
|
|
if s.utf8CString[i - 1] == t.utf8CString[j - 1] {
|
|
|
|
|
return editDistanceDFS(s: s, t: t, i: i - 1, j: j - 1)
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 最少编辑步数 = 插入、删除、替换这三种操作的最少编辑步数 + 1
|
|
|
|
|
let insert = editDistanceDFS(s: s, t: t, i: i, j: j - 1)
|
|
|
|
|
let delete = editDistanceDFS(s: s, t: t, i: i - 1, j: j)
|
|
|
|
|
let replace = editDistanceDFS(s: s, t: t, i: i - 1, j: j - 1)
|
|
|
|
|
// 记录并返回最少编辑步数
|
|
|
|
|
mem[i][j] = min(min(insert, delete), replace) + 1
|
|
|
|
|
return mem[i][j]
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* 编辑距离:动态规划 */
|
|
|
|
|
func editDistanceDP(s: String, t: String) -> Int {
|
|
|
|
|
let n = s.utf8CString.count
|
|
|
|
|
let m = t.utf8CString.count
|
|
|
|
|
var dp = Array(repeating: Array(repeating: 0, count: m + 1), count: n + 1)
|
|
|
|
|
// 状态转移:首行首列
|
|
|
|
|
for i in stride(from: 1, through: n, by: 1) {
|
|
|
|
|
dp[i][0] = i
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
for j in stride(from: 1, through: m, by: 1) {
|
|
|
|
|
dp[0][j] = j
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
2023-12-02 06:21:34 +08:00
|
|
|
|
// 状态转移:其余行和列
|
2023-07-18 12:49:03 +08:00
|
|
|
|
for i in stride(from: 1, through: n, by: 1) {
|
|
|
|
|
for j in stride(from: 1, through: m, by: 1) {
|
|
|
|
|
if s.utf8CString[i - 1] == t.utf8CString[j - 1] {
|
|
|
|
|
// 若两字符相等,则直接跳过此两字符
|
|
|
|
|
dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1]
|
|
|
|
|
} else {
|
|
|
|
|
// 最少编辑步数 = 插入、删除、替换这三种操作的最少编辑步数 + 1
|
|
|
|
|
dp[i][j] = min(min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]), dp[i - 1][j - 1]) + 1
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
return dp[n][m]
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
2023-08-27 00:50:18 +08:00
|
|
|
|
/* 编辑距离:空间优化后的动态规划 */
|
2023-07-18 12:49:03 +08:00
|
|
|
|
func editDistanceDPComp(s: String, t: String) -> Int {
|
|
|
|
|
let n = s.utf8CString.count
|
|
|
|
|
let m = t.utf8CString.count
|
|
|
|
|
var dp = Array(repeating: 0, count: m + 1)
|
|
|
|
|
// 状态转移:首行
|
|
|
|
|
for j in stride(from: 1, through: m, by: 1) {
|
|
|
|
|
dp[j] = j
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
// 状态转移:其余行
|
|
|
|
|
for i in stride(from: 1, through: n, by: 1) {
|
|
|
|
|
// 状态转移:首列
|
|
|
|
|
var leftup = dp[0] // 暂存 dp[i-1, j-1]
|
|
|
|
|
dp[0] = i
|
|
|
|
|
// 状态转移:其余列
|
|
|
|
|
for j in stride(from: 1, through: m, by: 1) {
|
|
|
|
|
let temp = dp[j]
|
|
|
|
|
if s.utf8CString[i - 1] == t.utf8CString[j - 1] {
|
|
|
|
|
// 若两字符相等,则直接跳过此两字符
|
|
|
|
|
dp[j] = leftup
|
|
|
|
|
} else {
|
|
|
|
|
// 最少编辑步数 = 插入、删除、替换这三种操作的最少编辑步数 + 1
|
|
|
|
|
dp[j] = min(min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]), leftup) + 1
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
leftup = temp // 更新为下一轮的 dp[i-1, j-1]
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
return dp[m]
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@main
|
|
|
|
|
enum EditDistance {
|
|
|
|
|
/* Driver Code */
|
|
|
|
|
static func main() {
|
|
|
|
|
let s = "bag"
|
|
|
|
|
let t = "pack"
|
|
|
|
|
let n = s.utf8CString.count
|
|
|
|
|
let m = t.utf8CString.count
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 暴力搜索
|
|
|
|
|
var res = editDistanceDFS(s: s, t: t, i: n, j: m)
|
|
|
|
|
print("将 \(s) 更改为 \(t) 最少需要编辑 \(res) 步")
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 记忆化搜索
|
|
|
|
|
var mem = Array(repeating: Array(repeating: -1, count: m + 1), count: n + 1)
|
|
|
|
|
res = editDistanceDFSMem(s: s, t: t, mem: &mem, i: n, j: m)
|
|
|
|
|
print("将 \(s) 更改为 \(t) 最少需要编辑 \(res) 步")
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 动态规划
|
|
|
|
|
res = editDistanceDP(s: s, t: t)
|
|
|
|
|
print("将 \(s) 更改为 \(t) 最少需要编辑 \(res) 步")
|
|
|
|
|
|
2023-08-27 00:50:18 +08:00
|
|
|
|
// 空间优化后的动态规划
|
2023-07-18 12:49:03 +08:00
|
|
|
|
res = editDistanceDPComp(s: s, t: t)
|
|
|
|
|
print("将 \(s) 更改为 \(t) 最少需要编辑 \(res) 步")
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|