hello-algo/codes/ruby/chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_ii.rb
khoaxuantu aa818945f0
feat: Add Ruby code - chapter "Backtracking" (#1373)
* [feat] add ruby code - chapter backtracking

* feat: add ruby code block - chapter backtracking
2024-05-24 15:41:40 +08:00

51 lines
1.5 KiB
Ruby

=begin
File: subset_sum_ii.rb
Created Time: 2024-05-22
Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)
=end
### 回溯算法:子集和 II ###
def backtrack(state, target, choices, start, res)
# 子集和等于 target 时,记录解
if target.zero?
res << state.dup
return
end
# 遍历所有选择
# 剪枝二:从 start 开始遍历,避免生成重复子集
# 剪枝三:从 start 开始遍历,避免重复选择同一元素
for i in start...choices.length
# 剪枝一:若子集和超过 target ,则直接结束循环
# 这是因为数组已排序,后边元素更大,子集和一定超过 target
break if target - choices[i] < 0
# 剪枝四:如果该元素与左边元素相等,说明该搜索分支重复,直接跳过
next if i > start && choices[i] == choices[i - 1]
# 尝试:做出选择,更新 target, start
state << choices[i]
# 进行下一轮选择
backtrack(state, target - choices[i], choices, i + 1, res)
# 回退:撤销选择,恢复到之前的状态
state.pop
end
end
### 求解子集和 II ###
def subset_sum_ii(nums, target)
state = [] # 状态(子集)
nums.sort! # 对 nums 进行排序
start = 0 # 遍历起始点
res = [] # 结果列表(子集列表)
backtrack(state, target, nums, start, res)
res
end
### Driver Code ###
if __FILE__ == $0
nums = [4, 4, 5]
target = 9
res = subset_sum_ii(nums, target)
puts "输入数组 nums = #{nums}, target = #{target}"
puts "所有和等于 #{target} 的子集 res = #{res}"
end