hello-algo/codes/kotlin/chapter_computational_complexity/recursion.kt
curtishd 4d9bbe72e1
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Kotlin

/**
* File: recursion.kt
* Created Time: 2024-01-25
* Author: curtishd (1023632660@qq.com)
*/
package chapter_computational_complexity.recursion
import java.util.*
/* 递归 */
fun recur(n: Int): Int {
// 终止条件
if (n == 1)
return 1
// 递: 递归调用
val res = recur(n - 1)
// 归: 返回结果
return n + res
}
/* 使用迭代模拟递归 */
fun forLoopRecur(n: Int): Int {
// 使用一个显式的栈来模拟系统调用栈
val stack = Stack<Int>()
var res = 0
// 递: 递归调用
for (i in n downTo 0) {
// 通过“入栈操作”模拟“递”
stack.push(i)
}
// 归: 返回结果
while (stack.isNotEmpty()) {
// 通过“出栈操作”模拟“归”
res += stack.pop()
}
// res = 1+2+3+...+n
return res
}
/* 尾递归 */
tailrec fun tailRecur(n: Int, res: Int): Int {
// 添加 tailrec 关键词,以开启尾递归优化
// 终止条件
if (n == 0)
return res
// 尾递归调用
return tailRecur(n - 1, res + n)
}
/* 斐波那契数列:递归 */
fun fib(n: Int): Int {
// 终止条件 f(1) = 0, f(2) = 1
if (n == 1 || n == 2)
return n - 1
// 递归调用 f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2)
val res = fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2)
// 返回结果 f(n)
return res
}
/* Driver Code */
fun main() {
val n = 5
var res: Int
res = recur(n)
println("\n递归函数的求和结果 res = $res")
res = forLoopRecur(n)
println("\n使用迭代模拟递归求和结果 res = $res")
res = tailRecur(n, 0)
println("\n尾递归函数的求和结果 res = $res")
res = fib(n)
println("\n斐波那契数列的第 $n 项为 $res")
}