hello-algo/codes/java/chapter_backtracking/n_queens.java
Yudong Jin f6976978dd
Prepare 1.0.0 release (#1044)
* Update the book with the thrid revised edition

* Fix a typo

* Update the contributors' information

* Update the mindmap

* Update the version number
2024-01-14 03:16:20 +08:00

77 lines
2.8 KiB
Java
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

/**
* File: n_queens.java
* Created Time: 2023-05-04
* Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
*/
package chapter_backtracking;
import java.util.*;
public class n_queens {
/* 回溯算法n 皇后 */
public static void backtrack(int row, int n, List<List<String>> state, List<List<List<String>>> res,
boolean[] cols, boolean[] diags1, boolean[] diags2) {
// 当放置完所有行时,记录解
if (row == n) {
List<List<String>> copyState = new ArrayList<>();
for (List<String> sRow : state) {
copyState.add(new ArrayList<>(sRow));
}
res.add(copyState);
return;
}
// 遍历所有列
for (int col = 0; col < n; col++) {
// 计算该格子对应的主对角线和次对角线
int diag1 = row - col + n - 1;
int diag2 = row + col;
// 剪枝:不允许该格子所在列、主对角线、次对角线上存在皇后
if (!cols[col] && !diags1[diag1] && !diags2[diag2]) {
// 尝试:将皇后放置在该格子
state.get(row).set(col, "Q");
cols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = true;
// 放置下一行
backtrack(row + 1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);
// 回退:将该格子恢复为空位
state.get(row).set(col, "#");
cols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = false;
}
}
}
/* 求解 n 皇后 */
public static List<List<List<String>>> nQueens(int n) {
// 初始化 n*n 大小的棋盘,其中 'Q' 代表皇后,'#' 代表空位
List<List<String>> state = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
List<String> row = new ArrayList<>();
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
row.add("#");
}
state.add(row);
}
boolean[] cols = new boolean[n]; // 记录列是否有皇后
boolean[] diags1 = new boolean[2 * n - 1]; // 记录主对角线上是否有皇后
boolean[] diags2 = new boolean[2 * n - 1]; // 记录次对角线上是否有皇后
List<List<List<String>>> res = new ArrayList<>();
backtrack(0, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);
return res;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int n = 4;
List<List<List<String>>> res = nQueens(n);
System.out.println("输入棋盘长宽为 " + n);
System.out.println("皇后放置方案共有 " + res.size() + "");
for (List<List<String>> state : res) {
System.out.println("--------------------");
for (List<String> row : state) {
System.out.println(row);
}
}
}
}