mirror of
https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo.git
synced 2024-12-27 00:36:28 +08:00
f616dac7da
* Fix is_empty() implementation in the stack and queue chapter * Update en/CONTRIBUTING.md * Remove "剩余" from the state definition of knapsack problem * Sync zh and zh-hant versions * Update the stylesheets of code tabs * Fix quick_sort.rb * Fix TS code * Update chapter_paperbook * Upload the manuscript of 0.1 section * Fix binary_tree_dfs.rb * Bug fixes * Update README * Update README * Update README * Update README.md * Update README * Sync zh and zh-hant versions * Bug fixes
216 lines
5.3 KiB
Ruby
216 lines
5.3 KiB
Ruby
=begin
|
||
File: avl_tree.rb
|
||
Created Time: 2024-04-17
|
||
Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)
|
||
=end
|
||
|
||
require_relative '../utils/tree_node'
|
||
require_relative '../utils/print_util'
|
||
|
||
### AVL 樹 ###
|
||
class AVLTree
|
||
### 建構子 ###
|
||
def initialize
|
||
@root = nil
|
||
end
|
||
|
||
### 獲取二元樹根節點 ###
|
||
def get_root
|
||
@root
|
||
end
|
||
|
||
### 獲取節點高度 ###
|
||
def height(node)
|
||
# 空節點高度為 -1 ,葉節點高度為 0
|
||
return node.height unless node.nil?
|
||
|
||
-1
|
||
end
|
||
|
||
### 更新節點高度 ###
|
||
def update_height(node)
|
||
# 節點高度等於最高子樹高度 + 1
|
||
node.height = [height(node.left), height(node.right)].max + 1
|
||
end
|
||
|
||
### 獲取平衡因子 ###
|
||
def balance_factor(node)
|
||
# 空節點平衡因子為 0
|
||
return 0 if node.nil?
|
||
|
||
# 節點平衡因子 = 左子樹高度 - 右子樹高度
|
||
height(node.left) - height(node.right)
|
||
end
|
||
|
||
### 右旋操作 ###
|
||
def right_rotate(node)
|
||
child = node.left
|
||
grand_child = child.right
|
||
# 以 child 為原點,將 node 向右旋轉
|
||
child.right = node
|
||
node.left = grand_child
|
||
# 更新節點高度
|
||
update_height(node)
|
||
update_height(child)
|
||
# 返回旋轉後子樹的根節點
|
||
child
|
||
end
|
||
|
||
### 左旋操作 ###
|
||
def left_rotate(node)
|
||
child = node.right
|
||
grand_child = child.left
|
||
# 以 child 為原點,將 node 向左旋轉
|
||
child.left = node
|
||
node.right = grand_child
|
||
# 更新節點高度
|
||
update_height(node)
|
||
update_height(child)
|
||
# 返回旋轉後子樹的根節點
|
||
child
|
||
end
|
||
|
||
### 執行旋轉操作,使該子樹重新恢復平衡 ###
|
||
def rotate(node)
|
||
# 獲取節點 node 的平衡因子
|
||
balance_factor = balance_factor(node)
|
||
# 左遍樹
|
||
if balance_factor > 1
|
||
if balance_factor(node.left) >= 0
|
||
# 右旋
|
||
return right_rotate(node)
|
||
else
|
||
# 先左旋後右旋
|
||
node.left = left_rotate(node.left)
|
||
return right_rotate(node)
|
||
end
|
||
# 右遍樹
|
||
elsif balance_factor < -1
|
||
if balance_factor(node.right) <= 0
|
||
# 左旋
|
||
return left_rotate(node)
|
||
else
|
||
# 先右旋後左旋
|
||
node.right = right_rotate(node.right)
|
||
return left_rotate(node)
|
||
end
|
||
end
|
||
# 平衡樹,無須旋轉,直接返回
|
||
node
|
||
end
|
||
|
||
### 插入節點 ###
|
||
def insert(val)
|
||
@root = insert_helper(@root, val)
|
||
end
|
||
|
||
### 遞迴插入節點(輔助方法)###
|
||
def insert_helper(node, val)
|
||
return TreeNode.new(val) if node.nil?
|
||
# 1. 查詢插入位置並插入節點
|
||
if val < node.val
|
||
node.left = insert_helper(node.left, val)
|
||
elsif val > node.val
|
||
node.right = insert_helper(node.right, val)
|
||
else
|
||
# 重複節點不插入,直接返回
|
||
return node
|
||
end
|
||
# 更新節點高度
|
||
update_height(node)
|
||
# 2. 執行旋轉操作,使該子樹重新恢復平衡
|
||
rotate(node)
|
||
end
|
||
|
||
### 刪除節點 ###
|
||
def remove(val)
|
||
@root = remove_helper(@root, val)
|
||
end
|
||
|
||
### 遞迴刪除節點(輔助方法)###
|
||
def remove_helper(node, val)
|
||
return if node.nil?
|
||
# 1. 查詢節點並刪除
|
||
if val < node.val
|
||
node.left = remove_helper(node.left, val)
|
||
elsif val > node.val
|
||
node.right = remove_helper(node.right, val)
|
||
else
|
||
if node.left.nil? || node.right.nil?
|
||
child = node.left || node.right
|
||
# 子節點數量 = 0 ,直接刪除 node 並返回
|
||
return if child.nil?
|
||
# 子節點數量 = 1 ,直接刪除 node
|
||
node = child
|
||
else
|
||
# 子節點數量 = 2 ,則將中序走訪的下個節點刪除,並用該節點替換當前節點
|
||
temp = node.right
|
||
while !temp.left.nil?
|
||
temp = temp.left
|
||
end
|
||
node.right = remove_helper(node.right, temp.val)
|
||
node.val = temp.val
|
||
end
|
||
end
|
||
# 更新節點高度
|
||
update_height(node)
|
||
# 2. 執行旋轉操作,使該子樹重新恢復平衡
|
||
rotate(node)
|
||
end
|
||
|
||
### 查詢節點 ###
|
||
def search(val)
|
||
cur = @root
|
||
# 迴圈查詢,越過葉節點後跳出
|
||
while !cur.nil?
|
||
# 目標節點在 cur 的右子樹中
|
||
if cur.val < val
|
||
cur = cur.right
|
||
# 目標節點在 cur 的左子樹中
|
||
elsif cur.val > val
|
||
cur = cur.left
|
||
# 找到目標節點,跳出迴圈
|
||
else
|
||
break
|
||
end
|
||
end
|
||
# 返回目標節點
|
||
cur
|
||
end
|
||
end
|
||
|
||
### Driver Code ###
|
||
if __FILE__ == $0
|
||
def test_insert(tree, val)
|
||
tree.insert(val)
|
||
puts "\n插入節點 #{val} 後,AVL 樹為"
|
||
print_tree(tree.get_root)
|
||
end
|
||
|
||
def test_remove(tree, val)
|
||
tree.remove(val)
|
||
puts "\n刪除節點 #{val} 後,AVL 樹為"
|
||
print_tree(tree.get_root)
|
||
end
|
||
|
||
# 初始化空 AVL 樹
|
||
avl_tree = AVLTree.new
|
||
|
||
# 插入節點
|
||
# 請關注插入節點後,AVL 樹是如何保持平衡的
|
||
for val in [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 7, 9, 10, 6]
|
||
test_insert(avl_tree, val)
|
||
end
|
||
|
||
# 插入重複節點
|
||
test_insert(avl_tree, 7)
|
||
|
||
# 刪除節點
|
||
# 請關注刪除節點後,AVL 樹是如何保持平衡的
|
||
test_remove(avl_tree, 8) # 刪除度為 0 的節點
|
||
test_remove(avl_tree, 5) # 刪除度為 1 的節點
|
||
test_remove(avl_tree, 4) # 刪除度為 2 的節點
|
||
|
||
result_node = avl_tree.search(7)
|
||
puts "\n查詢到的節點物件為 #{result_node},節點值 = #{result_node.val}"
|
||
end
|