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216 lines
5.3 KiB
Ruby
216 lines
5.3 KiB
Ruby
=begin
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File: avl_tree.rb
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Created Time: 2024-04-17
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Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)
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=end
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require_relative '../utils/tree_node'
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require_relative '../utils/print_util'
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### AVL 樹 ###
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class AVLTree
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### 建構子 ###
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def initialize
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@root = nil
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end
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### 獲取二元樹根節點 ###
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def get_root
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@root
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end
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### 獲取節點高度 ###
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def height(node)
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# 空節點高度為 -1 ,葉節點高度為 0
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return node.height unless node.nil?
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-1
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end
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### 更新節點高度 ###
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def update_height(node)
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# 節點高度等於最高子樹高度 + 1
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node.height = [height(node.left), height(node.right)].max + 1
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end
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### 獲取平衡因子 ###
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def balance_factor(node)
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# 空節點平衡因子為 0
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return 0 if node.nil?
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# 節點平衡因子 = 左子樹高度 - 右子樹高度
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height(node.left) - height(node.right)
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end
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### 右旋操作 ###
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def right_rotate(node)
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child = node.left
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grand_child = child.right
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# 以 child 為原點,將 node 向右旋轉
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child.right = node
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node.left = grand_child
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# 更新節點高度
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update_height(node)
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update_height(child)
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# 返回旋轉後子樹的根節點
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child
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end
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### 左旋操作 ###
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def left_rotate(node)
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child = node.right
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grand_child = child.left
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# 以 child 為原點,將 node 向左旋轉
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child.left = node
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node.right = grand_child
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# 更新節點高度
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update_height(node)
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update_height(child)
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# 返回旋轉後子樹的根節點
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child
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end
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### 執行旋轉操作,使該子樹重新恢復平衡 ###
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def rotate(node)
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# 獲取節點 node 的平衡因子
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balance_factor = balance_factor(node)
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# 左遍樹
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if balance_factor > 1
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if balance_factor(node.left) >= 0
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# 右旋
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return right_rotate(node)
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else
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# 先左旋後右旋
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node.left = left_rotate(node.left)
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return right_rotate(node)
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end
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# 右遍樹
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elsif balance_factor < -1
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if balance_factor(node.right) <= 0
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# 左旋
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return left_rotate(node)
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else
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# 先右旋後左旋
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node.right = right_rotate(node.right)
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return left_rotate(node)
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end
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end
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# 平衡樹,無須旋轉,直接返回
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node
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end
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### 插入節點 ###
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def insert(val)
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@root = insert_helper(@root, val)
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end
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### 遞迴插入節點(輔助方法)###
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def insert_helper(node, val)
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return TreeNode.new(val) if node.nil?
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# 1. 查詢插入位置並插入節點
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if val < node.val
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node.left = insert_helper(node.left, val)
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elsif val > node.val
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node.right = insert_helper(node.right, val)
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else
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# 重複節點不插入,直接返回
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return node
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end
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# 更新節點高度
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update_height(node)
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# 2. 執行旋轉操作,使該子樹重新恢復平衡
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rotate(node)
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end
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### 刪除節點 ###
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def remove(val)
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@root = remove_helper(@root, val)
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end
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### 遞迴刪除節點(輔助方法)###
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def remove_helper(node, val)
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return if node.nil?
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# 1. 查詢節點並刪除
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if val < node.val
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node.left = remove_helper(node.left, val)
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elsif val > node.val
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node.right = remove_helper(node.right, val)
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else
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if node.left.nil? || node.right.nil?
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child = node.left || node.right
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# 子節點數量 = 0 ,直接刪除 node 並返回
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return if child.nil?
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# 子節點數量 = 1 ,直接刪除 node
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node = child
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else
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# 子節點數量 = 2 ,則將中序走訪的下個節點刪除,並用該節點替換當前節點
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temp = node.right
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while !temp.left.nil?
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temp = temp.left
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end
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node.right = remove_helper(node.right, temp.val)
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node.val = temp.val
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end
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end
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# 更新節點高度
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update_height(node)
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# 2. 執行旋轉操作,使該子樹重新恢復平衡
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rotate(node)
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end
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### 查詢節點 ###
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def search(val)
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cur = @root
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# 迴圈查詢,越過葉節點後跳出
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while !cur.nil?
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# 目標節點在 cur 的右子樹中
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if cur.val < val
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cur = cur.right
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# 目標節點在 cur 的左子樹中
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elsif cur.val > val
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cur = cur.left
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# 找到目標節點,跳出迴圈
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else
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break
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end
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end
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# 返回目標節點
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cur
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end
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end
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### Driver Code ###
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if __FILE__ == $0
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def test_insert(tree, val)
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tree.insert(val)
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puts "\n插入節點 #{val} 後,AVL 樹為"
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print_tree(tree.get_root)
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end
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def test_remove(tree, val)
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tree.remove(val)
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puts "\n刪除節點 #{val} 後,AVL 樹為"
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print_tree(tree.get_root)
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end
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# 初始化空 AVL 樹
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avl_tree = AVLTree.new
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# 插入節點
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# 請關注插入節點後,AVL 樹是如何保持平衡的
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for val in [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 7, 9, 10, 6]
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test_insert(avl_tree, val)
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end
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# 插入重複節點
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test_insert(avl_tree, 7)
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# 刪除節點
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# 請關注刪除節點後,AVL 樹是如何保持平衡的
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test_remove(avl_tree, 8) # 刪除度為 0 的節點
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test_remove(avl_tree, 5) # 刪除度為 1 的節點
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test_remove(avl_tree, 4) # 刪除度為 2 的節點
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result_node = avl_tree.search(7)
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puts "\n查詢到的節點物件為 #{result_node},節點值 = #{result_node.val}"
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end
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