mirror of
https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo.git
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e720aa2d24
* Sync recent changes to the revised Word. * Revised the preface chapter * Revised the introduction chapter * Revised the computation complexity chapter * Revised the chapter data structure * Revised the chapter array and linked list * Revised the chapter stack and queue * Revised the chapter hashing * Revised the chapter tree * Revised the chapter heap * Revised the chapter graph * Revised the chapter searching * Reivised the sorting chapter * Revised the divide and conquer chapter * Revised the chapter backtacking * Revised the DP chapter * Revised the greedy chapter * Revised the appendix chapter * Revised the preface chapter doubly * Revised the figures
147 lines
4.9 KiB
Swift
147 lines
4.9 KiB
Swift
/**
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* File: edit_distance.swift
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* Created Time: 2023-07-16
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* Author: nuomi1 (nuomi1@qq.com)
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*/
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/* 编辑距离:暴力搜索 */
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func editDistanceDFS(s: String, t: String, i: Int, j: Int) -> Int {
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// 若 s 和 t 都为空,则返回 0
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if i == 0, j == 0 {
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return 0
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}
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// 若 s 为空,则返回 t 长度
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if i == 0 {
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return j
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}
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// 若 t 为空,则返回 s 长度
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if j == 0 {
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return i
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}
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// 若两字符相等,则直接跳过此两字符
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if s.utf8CString[i - 1] == t.utf8CString[j - 1] {
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return editDistanceDFS(s: s, t: t, i: i - 1, j: j - 1)
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}
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// 最少编辑步数 = 插入、删除、替换这三种操作的最少编辑步数 + 1
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let insert = editDistanceDFS(s: s, t: t, i: i, j: j - 1)
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let delete = editDistanceDFS(s: s, t: t, i: i - 1, j: j)
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let replace = editDistanceDFS(s: s, t: t, i: i - 1, j: j - 1)
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// 返回最少编辑步数
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return min(min(insert, delete), replace) + 1
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}
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/* 编辑距离:记忆化搜索 */
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func editDistanceDFSMem(s: String, t: String, mem: inout [[Int]], i: Int, j: Int) -> Int {
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// 若 s 和 t 都为空,则返回 0
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if i == 0, j == 0 {
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return 0
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}
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// 若 s 为空,则返回 t 长度
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if i == 0 {
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return j
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}
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// 若 t 为空,则返回 s 长度
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if j == 0 {
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return i
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}
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// 若已有记录,则直接返回之
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if mem[i][j] != -1 {
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return mem[i][j]
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}
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// 若两字符相等,则直接跳过此两字符
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if s.utf8CString[i - 1] == t.utf8CString[j - 1] {
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return editDistanceDFS(s: s, t: t, i: i - 1, j: j - 1)
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}
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// 最少编辑步数 = 插入、删除、替换这三种操作的最少编辑步数 + 1
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let insert = editDistanceDFS(s: s, t: t, i: i, j: j - 1)
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let delete = editDistanceDFS(s: s, t: t, i: i - 1, j: j)
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let replace = editDistanceDFS(s: s, t: t, i: i - 1, j: j - 1)
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// 记录并返回最少编辑步数
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mem[i][j] = min(min(insert, delete), replace) + 1
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return mem[i][j]
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}
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/* 编辑距离:动态规划 */
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func editDistanceDP(s: String, t: String) -> Int {
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let n = s.utf8CString.count
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let m = t.utf8CString.count
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var dp = Array(repeating: Array(repeating: 0, count: m + 1), count: n + 1)
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// 状态转移:首行首列
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for i in stride(from: 1, through: n, by: 1) {
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dp[i][0] = i
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}
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for j in stride(from: 1, through: m, by: 1) {
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dp[0][j] = j
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}
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// 状态转移:其余行和列
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for i in stride(from: 1, through: n, by: 1) {
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for j in stride(from: 1, through: m, by: 1) {
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if s.utf8CString[i - 1] == t.utf8CString[j - 1] {
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// 若两字符相等,则直接跳过此两字符
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dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1]
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} else {
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// 最少编辑步数 = 插入、删除、替换这三种操作的最少编辑步数 + 1
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dp[i][j] = min(min(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]), dp[i - 1][j - 1]) + 1
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}
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}
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}
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return dp[n][m]
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}
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/* 编辑距离:空间优化后的动态规划 */
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func editDistanceDPComp(s: String, t: String) -> Int {
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let n = s.utf8CString.count
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let m = t.utf8CString.count
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var dp = Array(repeating: 0, count: m + 1)
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// 状态转移:首行
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for j in stride(from: 1, through: m, by: 1) {
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dp[j] = j
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}
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// 状态转移:其余行
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for i in stride(from: 1, through: n, by: 1) {
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// 状态转移:首列
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var leftup = dp[0] // 暂存 dp[i-1, j-1]
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dp[0] = i
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// 状态转移:其余列
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for j in stride(from: 1, through: m, by: 1) {
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let temp = dp[j]
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if s.utf8CString[i - 1] == t.utf8CString[j - 1] {
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// 若两字符相等,则直接跳过此两字符
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dp[j] = leftup
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} else {
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// 最少编辑步数 = 插入、删除、替换这三种操作的最少编辑步数 + 1
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dp[j] = min(min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]), leftup) + 1
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}
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leftup = temp // 更新为下一轮的 dp[i-1, j-1]
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}
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}
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return dp[m]
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}
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@main
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enum EditDistance {
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/* Driver Code */
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static func main() {
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let s = "bag"
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let t = "pack"
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let n = s.utf8CString.count
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let m = t.utf8CString.count
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// 暴力搜索
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var res = editDistanceDFS(s: s, t: t, i: n, j: m)
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print("将 \(s) 更改为 \(t) 最少需要编辑 \(res) 步")
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// 记忆化搜索
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var mem = Array(repeating: Array(repeating: -1, count: m + 1), count: n + 1)
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res = editDistanceDFSMem(s: s, t: t, mem: &mem, i: n, j: m)
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print("将 \(s) 更改为 \(t) 最少需要编辑 \(res) 步")
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// 动态规划
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res = editDistanceDP(s: s, t: t)
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print("将 \(s) 更改为 \(t) 最少需要编辑 \(res) 步")
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// 空间优化后的动态规划
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res = editDistanceDPComp(s: s, t: t)
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print("将 \(s) 更改为 \(t) 最少需要编辑 \(res) 步")
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}
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}
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