mirror of
https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo.git
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e720aa2d24
* Sync recent changes to the revised Word. * Revised the preface chapter * Revised the introduction chapter * Revised the computation complexity chapter * Revised the chapter data structure * Revised the chapter array and linked list * Revised the chapter stack and queue * Revised the chapter hashing * Revised the chapter tree * Revised the chapter heap * Revised the chapter graph * Revised the chapter searching * Reivised the sorting chapter * Revised the divide and conquer chapter * Revised the chapter backtacking * Revised the DP chapter * Revised the greedy chapter * Revised the appendix chapter * Revised the preface chapter doubly * Revised the figures
159 lines
4.9 KiB
C
159 lines
4.9 KiB
C
/**
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* File: edit_distance.c
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* Created Time: 2023-10-02
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* Author: Zuoxun (845242523@qq.com)
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*/
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#include "../utils/common.h"
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/* 求最小值 */
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int myMin(int a, int b) {
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return a < b ? a : b;
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}
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/* 编辑距离:暴力搜索 */
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int editDistanceDFS(char *s, char *t, int i, int j) {
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// 若 s 和 t 都为空,则返回 0
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if (i == 0 && j == 0)
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return 0;
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// 若 s 为空,则返回 t 长度
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if (i == 0)
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return j;
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// 若 t 为空,则返回 s 长度
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if (j == 0)
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return i;
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// 若两字符相等,则直接跳过此两字符
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if (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1])
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return editDistanceDFS(s, t, i - 1, j - 1);
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// 最少编辑步数 = 插入、删除、替换这三种操作的最少编辑步数 + 1
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int insert = editDistanceDFS(s, t, i, j - 1);
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int del = editDistanceDFS(s, t, i - 1, j);
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int replace = editDistanceDFS(s, t, i - 1, j - 1);
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// 返回最少编辑步数
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return myMin(myMin(insert, del), replace) + 1;
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}
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/* 编辑距离:记忆化搜索 */
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int editDistanceDFSMem(char *s, char *t, int memCols, int **mem, int i, int j) {
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// 若 s 和 t 都为空,则返回 0
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if (i == 0 && j == 0)
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return 0;
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// 若 s 为空,则返回 t 长度
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if (i == 0)
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return j;
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// 若 t 为空,则返回 s 长度
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if (j == 0)
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return i;
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// 若已有记录,则直接返回之
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if (mem[i][j] != -1)
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return mem[i][j];
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// 若两字符相等,则直接跳过此两字符
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if (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1])
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return editDistanceDFSMem(s, t, memCols, mem, i - 1, j - 1);
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// 最少编辑步数 = 插入、删除、替换这三种操作的最少编辑步数 + 1
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int insert = editDistanceDFSMem(s, t, memCols, mem, i, j - 1);
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int del = editDistanceDFSMem(s, t, memCols, mem, i - 1, j);
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int replace = editDistanceDFSMem(s, t, memCols, mem, i - 1, j - 1);
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// 记录并返回最少编辑步数
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mem[i][j] = myMin(myMin(insert, del), replace) + 1;
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return mem[i][j];
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}
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/* 编辑距离:动态规划 */
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int editDistanceDP(char *s, char *t, int n, int m) {
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int **dp = malloc((n + 1) * sizeof(int *));
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for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {
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dp[i] = calloc(m + 1, sizeof(int));
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}
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// 状态转移:首行首列
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for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
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dp[i][0] = i;
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}
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for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
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dp[0][j] = j;
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}
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// 状态转移:其余行和列
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for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
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for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
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if (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {
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// 若两字符相等,则直接跳过此两字符
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dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1];
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} else {
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// 最少编辑步数 = 插入、删除、替换这三种操作的最少编辑步数 + 1
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dp[i][j] = myMin(myMin(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]), dp[i - 1][j - 1]) + 1;
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}
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}
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}
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int res = dp[n][m];
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// 释放内存
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for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {
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free(dp[i]);
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}
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return res;
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}
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/* 编辑距离:空间优化后的动态规划 */
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int editDistanceDPComp(char *s, char *t, int n, int m) {
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int *dp = calloc(m + 1, sizeof(int));
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// 状态转移:首行
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for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
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dp[j] = j;
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}
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// 状态转移:其余行
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for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
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// 状态转移:首列
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int leftup = dp[0]; // 暂存 dp[i-1, j-1]
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dp[0] = i;
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// 状态转移:其余列
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for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
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int temp = dp[j];
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if (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {
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// 若两字符相等,则直接跳过此两字符
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dp[j] = leftup;
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} else {
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// 最少编辑步数 = 插入、删除、替换这三种操作的最少编辑步数 + 1
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dp[j] = myMin(myMin(dp[j - 1], dp[j]), leftup) + 1;
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}
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leftup = temp; // 更新为下一轮的 dp[i-1, j-1]
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}
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}
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int res = dp[m];
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// 释放内存
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free(dp);
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return res;
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}
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/* Driver Code */
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int main() {
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char *s = "bag";
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char *t = "pack";
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int n = strlen(s), m = strlen(t);
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// 暴力搜索
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int res = editDistanceDFS(s, t, n, m);
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printf("将 %s 更改为 %s 最少需要编辑 %d 步\n", s, t, res);
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// 记忆化搜索
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int **mem = malloc((n + 1) * sizeof(int *));
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for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {
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mem[i] = malloc((m + 1) * sizeof(int));
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memset(mem[i], -1, (m + 1) * sizeof(int));
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}
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res = editDistanceDFSMem(s, t, m + 1, mem, n, m);
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printf("将 %s 更改为 %s 最少需要编辑 %d 步\n", s, t, res);
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// 释放内存
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for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {
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free(mem[i]);
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}
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free(mem);
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// 动态规划
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res = editDistanceDP(s, t, n, m);
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printf("将 %s 更改为 %s 最少需要编辑 %d 步\n", s, t, res);
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// 空间优化后的动态规划
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res = editDistanceDPComp(s, t, n, m);
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printf("将 %s 更改为 %s 最少需要编辑 %d 步\n", s, t, res);
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return 0;
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}
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