mirror of
https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo.git
synced 2024-12-26 21:56:29 +08:00
2626de8d0b
introduction, computational complexity.
249 lines
No EOL
9.1 KiB
Zig
249 lines
No EOL
9.1 KiB
Zig
// File: avl_tree.zig
|
||
// Created Time: 2023-01-15
|
||
// Author: sjinzh (sjinzh@gmail.com)
|
||
|
||
const std = @import("std");
|
||
const inc = @import("include");
|
||
|
||
// AVL 树
|
||
pub fn AVLTree(comptime T: type) type {
|
||
return struct {
|
||
const Self = @This();
|
||
|
||
root: ?*inc.TreeNode(T) = null, // 根节点
|
||
mem_arena: ?std.heap.ArenaAllocator = null,
|
||
mem_allocator: std.mem.Allocator = undefined, // 内存分配器
|
||
|
||
// 构造方法
|
||
pub fn init(self: *Self, allocator: std.mem.Allocator) void {
|
||
if (self.mem_arena == null) {
|
||
self.mem_arena = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(allocator);
|
||
self.mem_allocator = self.mem_arena.?.allocator();
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// 析构方法
|
||
pub fn deinit(self: *Self) void {
|
||
if (self.mem_arena == null) return;
|
||
self.mem_arena.?.deinit();
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// 获取节点高度
|
||
fn height(self: *Self, node: ?*inc.TreeNode(T)) i32 {
|
||
_ = self;
|
||
// 空节点高度为 -1 ,叶节点高度为 0
|
||
return if (node == null) -1 else node.?.height;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// 更新节点高度
|
||
fn updateHeight(self: *Self, node: ?*inc.TreeNode(T)) void {
|
||
// 节点高度等于最高子树高度 + 1
|
||
node.?.height = @max(self.height(node.?.left), self.height(node.?.right)) + 1;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// 获取平衡因子
|
||
fn balanceFactor(self: *Self, node: ?*inc.TreeNode(T)) i32 {
|
||
// 空节点平衡因子为 0
|
||
if (node == null) return 0;
|
||
// 节点平衡因子 = 左子树高度 - 右子树高度
|
||
return self.height(node.?.left) - self.height(node.?.right);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// 右旋操作
|
||
fn rightRotate(self: *Self, node: ?*inc.TreeNode(T)) ?*inc.TreeNode(T) {
|
||
var child = node.?.left;
|
||
var grandChild = child.?.right;
|
||
// 以 child 为原点,将 node 向右旋转
|
||
child.?.right = node;
|
||
node.?.left = grandChild;
|
||
// 更新节点高度
|
||
self.updateHeight(node);
|
||
self.updateHeight(child);
|
||
// 返回旋转后子树的根节点
|
||
return child;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// 左旋操作
|
||
fn leftRotate(self: *Self, node: ?*inc.TreeNode(T)) ?*inc.TreeNode(T) {
|
||
var child = node.?.right;
|
||
var grandChild = child.?.left;
|
||
// 以 child 为原点,将 node 向左旋转
|
||
child.?.left = node;
|
||
node.?.right = grandChild;
|
||
// 更新节点高度
|
||
self.updateHeight(node);
|
||
self.updateHeight(child);
|
||
// 返回旋转后子树的根节点
|
||
return child;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// 执行旋转操作,使该子树重新恢复平衡
|
||
fn rotate(self: *Self, node: ?*inc.TreeNode(T)) ?*inc.TreeNode(T) {
|
||
// 获取节点 node 的平衡因子
|
||
var balance_factor = self.balanceFactor(node);
|
||
// 左偏树
|
||
if (balance_factor > 1) {
|
||
if (self.balanceFactor(node.?.left) >= 0) {
|
||
// 右旋
|
||
return self.rightRotate(node);
|
||
} else {
|
||
// 先左旋后右旋
|
||
node.?.left = self.leftRotate(node.?.left);
|
||
return self.rightRotate(node);
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
// 右偏树
|
||
if (balance_factor < -1) {
|
||
if (self.balanceFactor(node.?.right) <= 0) {
|
||
// 左旋
|
||
return self.leftRotate(node);
|
||
} else {
|
||
// 先右旋后左旋
|
||
node.?.right = self.rightRotate(node.?.right);
|
||
return self.leftRotate(node);
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
// 平衡树,无须旋转,直接返回
|
||
return node;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// 插入节点
|
||
fn insert(self: *Self, val: T) !void {
|
||
self.root = (try self.insertHelper(self.root, val)).?;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// 递归插入节点(辅助方法)
|
||
fn insertHelper(self: *Self, node_: ?*inc.TreeNode(T), val: T) !?*inc.TreeNode(T) {
|
||
var node = node_;
|
||
if (node == null) {
|
||
var tmp_node = try self.mem_allocator.create(inc.TreeNode(T));
|
||
tmp_node.init(val);
|
||
return tmp_node;
|
||
}
|
||
// 1. 查找插入位置,并插入节点
|
||
if (val < node.?.val) {
|
||
node.?.left = try self.insertHelper(node.?.left, val);
|
||
} else if (val > node.?.val) {
|
||
node.?.right = try self.insertHelper(node.?.right, val);
|
||
} else {
|
||
return node; // 重复节点不插入,直接返回
|
||
}
|
||
self.updateHeight(node); // 更新节点高度
|
||
// 2. 执行旋转操作,使该子树重新恢复平衡
|
||
node = self.rotate(node);
|
||
// 返回子树的根节点
|
||
return node;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// 删除节点
|
||
fn remove(self: *Self, val: T) void {
|
||
self.root = self.removeHelper(self.root, val).?;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// 递归删除节点(辅助方法)
|
||
fn removeHelper(self: *Self, node_: ?*inc.TreeNode(T), val: T) ?*inc.TreeNode(T) {
|
||
var node = node_;
|
||
if (node == null) return null;
|
||
// 1. 查找节点,并删除之
|
||
if (val < node.?.val) {
|
||
node.?.left = self.removeHelper(node.?.left, val);
|
||
} else if (val > node.?.val) {
|
||
node.?.right = self.removeHelper(node.?.right, val);
|
||
} else {
|
||
if (node.?.left == null or node.?.right == null) {
|
||
var child = if (node.?.left != null) node.?.left else node.?.right;
|
||
// 子节点数量 = 0 ,直接删除 node 并返回
|
||
if (child == null) {
|
||
return null;
|
||
// 子节点数量 = 1 ,直接删除 node
|
||
} else {
|
||
node = child;
|
||
}
|
||
} else {
|
||
// 子节点数量 = 2 ,则将中序遍历的下个节点删除,并用该节点替换当前节点
|
||
var temp = node.?.right;
|
||
while (temp.?.left != null) {
|
||
temp = temp.?.left;
|
||
}
|
||
node.?.right = self.removeHelper(node.?.right, temp.?.val);
|
||
node.?.val = temp.?.val;
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
self.updateHeight(node); // 更新节点高度
|
||
// 2. 执行旋转操作,使该子树重新恢复平衡
|
||
node = self.rotate(node);
|
||
// 返回子树的根节点
|
||
return node;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// 查找节点
|
||
fn search(self: *Self, val: T) ?*inc.TreeNode(T) {
|
||
var cur = self.root;
|
||
// 循环查找,越过叶节点后跳出
|
||
while (cur != null) {
|
||
// 目标节点在 cur 的右子树中
|
||
if (cur.?.val < val) {
|
||
cur = cur.?.right;
|
||
// 目标节点在 cur 的左子树中
|
||
} else if (cur.?.val > val) {
|
||
cur = cur.?.left;
|
||
// 找到目标节点,跳出循环
|
||
} else {
|
||
break;
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
// 返回目标节点
|
||
return cur;
|
||
}
|
||
};
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
pub fn testInsert(comptime T: type, tree_: *AVLTree(T), val: T) !void {
|
||
var tree = tree_;
|
||
try tree.insert(val);
|
||
std.debug.print("\n插入节点 {} 后,AVL 树为\n", .{val});
|
||
try inc.PrintUtil.printTree(tree.root, null, false);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
pub fn testRemove(comptime T: type, tree_: *AVLTree(T), val: T) void {
|
||
var tree = tree_;
|
||
tree.remove(val);
|
||
std.debug.print("\n删除节点 {} 后,AVL 树为\n", .{val});
|
||
try inc.PrintUtil.printTree(tree.root, null, false);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// Driver Code
|
||
pub fn main() !void {
|
||
// 初始化空 AVL 树
|
||
var avl_tree = AVLTree(i32){};
|
||
avl_tree.init(std.heap.page_allocator);
|
||
defer avl_tree.deinit();
|
||
|
||
// 插入节点
|
||
// 请关注插入节点后,AVL 树是如何保持平衡的
|
||
try testInsert(i32, &avl_tree, 1);
|
||
try testInsert(i32, &avl_tree, 2);
|
||
try testInsert(i32, &avl_tree, 3);
|
||
try testInsert(i32, &avl_tree, 4);
|
||
try testInsert(i32, &avl_tree, 5);
|
||
try testInsert(i32, &avl_tree, 8);
|
||
try testInsert(i32, &avl_tree, 7);
|
||
try testInsert(i32, &avl_tree, 9);
|
||
try testInsert(i32, &avl_tree, 10);
|
||
try testInsert(i32, &avl_tree, 6);
|
||
|
||
// 插入重复节点
|
||
try testInsert(i32, &avl_tree, 7);
|
||
|
||
// 删除节点
|
||
// 请关注删除节点后,AVL 树是如何保持平衡的
|
||
testRemove(i32, &avl_tree, 8); // 删除度为 0 的节点
|
||
testRemove(i32, &avl_tree, 5); // 删除度为 1 的节点
|
||
testRemove(i32, &avl_tree, 4); // 删除度为 2 的节点
|
||
|
||
// 查找节点
|
||
var node = avl_tree.search(7).?;
|
||
std.debug.print("\n查找到的节点对象为 {any},节点值 = {}\n", .{node, node.val});
|
||
|
||
_ = try std.io.getStdIn().reader().readByte();
|
||
} |