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145 lines
4.3 KiB
Python
145 lines
4.3 KiB
Python
"""
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File: binary_search_tree.py
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Created Time: 2022-12-20
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Author: a16su (lpluls001@gmail.com)
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"""
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import sys, os.path as osp
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sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
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from modules import *
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class BinarySearchTree:
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"""二叉搜索树"""
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def __init__(self):
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"""构造方法"""
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# 初始化空树
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self.__root = None
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def get_root(self) -> TreeNode | None:
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"""获取二叉树根节点"""
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return self.__root
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def search(self, num: int) -> TreeNode | None:
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"""查找节点"""
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cur = self.__root
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# 循环查找,越过叶节点后跳出
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while cur is not None:
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# 目标节点在 cur 的右子树中
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if cur.val < num:
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cur = cur.right
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# 目标节点在 cur 的左子树中
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elif cur.val > num:
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cur = cur.left
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# 找到目标节点,跳出循环
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else:
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break
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return cur
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def insert(self, num: int):
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"""插入节点"""
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# 若树为空,则初始化根节点
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if self.__root is None:
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self.__root = TreeNode(num)
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return
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# 循环查找,越过叶节点后跳出
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cur, pre = self.__root, None
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while cur is not None:
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# 找到重复节点,直接返回
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if cur.val == num:
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return
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pre = cur
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# 插入位置在 cur 的右子树中
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if cur.val < num:
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cur = cur.right
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# 插入位置在 cur 的左子树中
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else:
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cur = cur.left
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# 插入节点
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node = TreeNode(num)
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if pre.val < num:
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pre.right = node
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else:
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pre.left = node
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def remove(self, num: int):
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"""删除节点"""
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# 若树为空,直接提前返回
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if self.__root is None:
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return
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# 循环查找,越过叶节点后跳出
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cur, pre = self.__root, None
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while cur is not None:
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# 找到待删除节点,跳出循环
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if cur.val == num:
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break
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pre = cur
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# 待删除节点在 cur 的右子树中
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if cur.val < num:
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cur = cur.right
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# 待删除节点在 cur 的左子树中
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else:
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cur = cur.left
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# 若无待删除节点,则直接返回
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if cur is None:
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return
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# 子节点数量 = 0 or 1
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if cur.left is None or cur.right is None:
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# 当子节点数量 = 0 / 1 时, child = null / 该子节点
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child = cur.left or cur.right
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# 删除节点 cur
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if cur != self.__root:
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if pre.left == cur:
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pre.left = child
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else:
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pre.right = child
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else:
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# 若删除节点为根节点,则重新指定根节点
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self.__root = child
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# 子节点数量 = 2
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else:
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# 获取中序遍历中 cur 的下一个节点
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tmp: TreeNode = cur.right
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while tmp.left is not None:
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tmp = tmp.left
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# 递归删除节点 tmp
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self.remove(tmp.val)
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# 用 tmp 覆盖 cur
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cur.val = tmp.val
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"""Driver Code"""
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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# 初始化二叉搜索树
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bst = BinarySearchTree()
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nums = [8, 4, 12, 2, 6, 10, 14, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15]
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# 请注意,不同的插入顺序会生成不同的二叉树,该序列可以生成一个完美二叉树
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for num in nums:
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bst.insert(num)
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print("\n初始化的二叉树为\n")
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print_tree(bst.get_root())
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# 查找节点
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node = bst.search(7)
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print("\n查找到的节点对象为: {},节点值 = {}".format(node, node.val))
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# 插入节点
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bst.insert(16)
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print("\n插入节点 16 后,二叉树为\n")
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print_tree(bst.get_root())
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# 删除节点
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bst.remove(1)
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print("\n删除节点 1 后,二叉树为\n")
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print_tree(bst.get_root())
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bst.remove(2)
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print("\n删除节点 2 后,二叉树为\n")
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print_tree(bst.get_root())
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bst.remove(4)
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print("\n删除节点 4 后,二叉树为\n")
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print_tree(bst.get_root())
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