hello-algo/codes/rust/chapter_hashing/hash_map_open_addressing.rs
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---------

Co-authored-by: Yudong Jin <krahets@163.com>
2024-03-16 02:13:41 +08:00

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/*
* File: hash_map_open_addressing.rs
* Created Time: 2023-07-16
* Author: WSL0809 (wslzzy@outlook.com), night-cruise (2586447362@qq.com)
*/
#![allow(non_snake_case)]
#![allow(unused)]
mod array_hash_map;
use array_hash_map::Pair;
/* 开放寻址哈希表 */
struct HashMapOpenAddressing {
size: usize, // 键值对数量
capacity: usize, // 哈希表容量
load_thres: f64, // 触发扩容的负载因子阈值
extend_ratio: usize, // 扩容倍数
buckets: Vec<Option<Pair>>, // 桶数组
TOMBSTONE: Option<Pair>, // 删除标记
}
impl HashMapOpenAddressing {
/* 构造方法 */
fn new() -> Self {
Self {
size: 0,
capacity: 4,
load_thres: 2.0 / 3.0,
extend_ratio: 2,
buckets: vec![None; 4],
TOMBSTONE: Some(Pair {
key: -1,
val: "-1".to_string(),
}),
}
}
/* 哈希函数 */
fn hash_func(&self, key: i32) -> usize {
(key % self.capacity as i32) as usize
}
/* 负载因子 */
fn load_factor(&self) -> f64 {
self.size as f64 / self.capacity as f64
}
/* 搜索 key 对应的桶索引 */
fn find_bucket(&mut self, key: i32) -> usize {
let mut index = self.hash_func(key);
let mut first_tombstone = -1;
// 线性探测,当遇到空桶时跳出
while self.buckets[index].is_some() {
// 若遇到 key返回对应的桶索引
if self.buckets[index].as_ref().unwrap().key == key {
// 若之前遇到了删除标记,则将建值对移动至该索引
if first_tombstone != -1 {
self.buckets[first_tombstone as usize] = self.buckets[index].take();
self.buckets[index] = self.TOMBSTONE.clone();
return first_tombstone as usize; // 返回移动后的桶索引
}
return index; // 返回桶索引
}
// 记录遇到的首个删除标记
if first_tombstone == -1 && self.buckets[index] == self.TOMBSTONE {
first_tombstone = index as i32;
}
// 计算桶索引,越过尾部则返回头部
index = (index + 1) % self.capacity;
}
// 若 key 不存在,则返回添加点的索引
if first_tombstone == -1 {
index
} else {
first_tombstone as usize
}
}
/* 查询操作 */
fn get(&mut self, key: i32) -> Option<&str> {
// 搜索 key 对应的桶索引
let index = self.find_bucket(key);
// 若找到键值对,则返回对应 val
if self.buckets[index].is_some() && self.buckets[index] != self.TOMBSTONE {
return self.buckets[index].as_ref().map(|pair| &pair.val as &str);
}
// 若键值对不存在,则返回 null
None
}
/* 添加操作 */
fn put(&mut self, key: i32, val: String) {
// 当负载因子超过阈值时,执行扩容
if self.load_factor() > self.load_thres {
self.extend();
}
// 搜索 key 对应的桶索引
let index = self.find_bucket(key);
// 若找到键值对,则覆盖 val 并返回
if self.buckets[index].is_some() && self.buckets[index] != self.TOMBSTONE {
self.buckets[index].as_mut().unwrap().val = val;
return;
}
// 若键值对不存在,则添加该键值对
self.buckets[index] = Some(Pair { key, val });
self.size += 1;
}
/* 删除操作 */
fn remove(&mut self, key: i32) {
// 搜索 key 对应的桶索引
let index = self.find_bucket(key);
// 若找到键值对,则用删除标记覆盖它
if self.buckets[index].is_some() && self.buckets[index] != self.TOMBSTONE {
self.buckets[index] = self.TOMBSTONE.clone();
self.size -= 1;
}
}
/* 扩容哈希表 */
fn extend(&mut self) {
// 暂存原哈希表
let buckets_tmp = self.buckets.clone();
// 初始化扩容后的新哈希表
self.capacity *= self.extend_ratio;
self.buckets = vec![None; self.capacity];
self.size = 0;
// 将键值对从原哈希表搬运至新哈希表
for pair in buckets_tmp {
if pair.is_none() || pair == self.TOMBSTONE {
continue;
}
let pair = pair.unwrap();
self.put(pair.key, pair.val);
}
}
/* 打印哈希表 */
fn print(&self) {
for pair in &self.buckets {
if pair.is_none() {
println!("null");
} else if pair == &self.TOMBSTONE {
println!("TOMBSTONE");
} else {
let pair = pair.as_ref().unwrap();
println!("{} -> {}", pair.key, pair.val);
}
}
}
}
/* Driver Code */
fn main() {
/* 初始化哈希表 */
let mut hashmap = HashMapOpenAddressing::new();
/* 添加操作 */
// 在哈希表中添加键值对 (key, value)
hashmap.put(12836, "小哈".to_string());
hashmap.put(15937, "小啰".to_string());
hashmap.put(16750, "小算".to_string());
hashmap.put(13276, "小法".to_string());
hashmap.put(10583, "小鸭".to_string());
println!("\n添加完成后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value");
hashmap.print();
/* 查询操作 */
// 向哈希表中输入键 key ,得到值 val
let name = hashmap.get(13276).unwrap();
println!("\n输入学号 13276 ,查询到姓名 {}", name);
/* 删除操作 */
// 在哈希表中删除键值对 (key, val)
hashmap.remove(16750);
println!("\n删除 16750 后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value");
hashmap.print();
}