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<h1 id="112">11.2 &nbsp; 选择排序<a class="headerlink" href="#112" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
<p>「选择排序 selection sort」的工作原理非常直接开启一个循环每轮从未排序区间选择最小的元素将其放到已排序区间的末尾。</p>
<p>设数组的长度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> ,选择排序的算法流程如图 11-2 所示。</p>
<ol>
<li>初始状态下,所有元素未排序,即未排序(索引)区间为 <span class="arithmatex">\([0, n-1]\)</span></li>
<li>选取区间 <span class="arithmatex">\([0, n-1]\)</span> 中的最小元素,将其与索引 <span class="arithmatex">\(0\)</span> 处元素交换。完成后,数组前 1 个元素已排序。</li>
<li>选取区间 <span class="arithmatex">\([1, n-1]\)</span> 中的最小元素,将其与索引 <span class="arithmatex">\(1\)</span> 处元素交换。完成后,数组前 2 个元素已排序。</li>
<li>以此类推。经过 <span class="arithmatex">\(n - 1\)</span> 轮选择与交换后,数组前 <span class="arithmatex">\(n - 1\)</span> 个元素已排序。</li>
<li>仅剩的一个元素必定是最大元素,无须排序,因此数组排序完成。</li>
</ol>
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<p><img alt="选择排序步骤" src="../selection_sort.assets/selection_sort_step1.png" /></p>
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<p><img alt="selection_sort_step2" src="../selection_sort.assets/selection_sort_step2.png" /></p>
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<p><img alt="selection_sort_step3" src="../selection_sort.assets/selection_sort_step3.png" /></p>
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<p><img alt="selection_sort_step4" src="../selection_sort.assets/selection_sort_step4.png" /></p>
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<p><img alt="selection_sort_step5" src="../selection_sort.assets/selection_sort_step5.png" /></p>
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<p><img alt="selection_sort_step6" src="../selection_sort.assets/selection_sort_step6.png" /></p>
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<p><img alt="selection_sort_step7" src="../selection_sort.assets/selection_sort_step7.png" /></p>
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<p><img alt="selection_sort_step8" src="../selection_sort.assets/selection_sort_step8.png" /></p>
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<p><img alt="selection_sort_step9" src="../selection_sort.assets/selection_sort_step9.png" /></p>
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<p><img alt="selection_sort_step10" src="../selection_sort.assets/selection_sort_step10.png" /></p>
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<p><img alt="selection_sort_step11" src="../selection_sort.assets/selection_sort_step11.png" /></p>
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<p align="center"> 图 11-2 &nbsp; 选择排序步骤 </p>
<p>在代码中,我们用 <span class="arithmatex">\(k\)</span> 来记录未排序区间内的最小元素。</p>
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">selection_sort.java</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 选择排序 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2" href="#__codelineno-0-2"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">selectionSort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-3" name="__codelineno-0-3" href="#__codelineno-0-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="na">length</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-4" name="__codelineno-0-4" href="#__codelineno-0-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 外循环:未排序区间为 [i, n-1]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-5" name="__codelineno-0-5" href="#__codelineno-0-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-6" name="__codelineno-0-6" href="#__codelineno-0-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 内循环:找到未排序区间内的最小元素</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-7" name="__codelineno-0-7" href="#__codelineno-0-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">k</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-8" name="__codelineno-0-8" href="#__codelineno-0-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-9" name="__codelineno-0-9" href="#__codelineno-0-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-10" name="__codelineno-0-10" href="#__codelineno-0-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">k</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 记录最小元素的索引</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-11" name="__codelineno-0-11" href="#__codelineno-0-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-12" name="__codelineno-0-12" href="#__codelineno-0-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 将该最小元素与未排序区间的首个元素交换</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-13" name="__codelineno-0-13" href="#__codelineno-0-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">temp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-14" name="__codelineno-0-14" href="#__codelineno-0-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-15" name="__codelineno-0-15" href="#__codelineno-0-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">temp</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-16" name="__codelineno-0-16" href="#__codelineno-0-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-17" name="__codelineno-0-17" href="#__codelineno-0-17"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">selection_sort.cpp</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 选择排序 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-2" name="__codelineno-1-2" href="#__codelineno-1-2"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">selectionSort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">vector</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-3" name="__codelineno-1-3" href="#__codelineno-1-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-4" name="__codelineno-1-4" href="#__codelineno-1-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 外循环:未排序区间为 [i, n-1]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-5" name="__codelineno-1-5" href="#__codelineno-1-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-6" name="__codelineno-1-6" href="#__codelineno-1-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 内循环:找到未排序区间内的最小元素</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-7" name="__codelineno-1-7" href="#__codelineno-1-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">k</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-8" name="__codelineno-1-8" href="#__codelineno-1-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-9" name="__codelineno-1-9" href="#__codelineno-1-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">])</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-10" name="__codelineno-1-10" href="#__codelineno-1-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">k</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 记录最小元素的索引</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-11" name="__codelineno-1-11" href="#__codelineno-1-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-12" name="__codelineno-1-12" href="#__codelineno-1-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 将该最小元素与未排序区间的首个元素交换</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-13" name="__codelineno-1-13" href="#__codelineno-1-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">]);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-14" name="__codelineno-1-14" href="#__codelineno-1-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-15" name="__codelineno-1-15" href="#__codelineno-1-15"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
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<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">selection_sort.py</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">selection_sort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">list</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">]):</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-2" name="__codelineno-2-2" href="#__codelineno-2-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;选择排序&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-3" name="__codelineno-2-3" href="#__codelineno-2-3"></a> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-4" name="__codelineno-2-4" href="#__codelineno-2-4"></a> <span class="c1"># 外循环:未排序区间为 [i, n-1]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-5" name="__codelineno-2-5" href="#__codelineno-2-5"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">):</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-6" name="__codelineno-2-6" href="#__codelineno-2-6"></a> <span class="c1"># 内循环:找到未排序区间内的最小元素</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-7" name="__codelineno-2-7" href="#__codelineno-2-7"></a> <span class="n">k</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">i</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-8" name="__codelineno-2-8" href="#__codelineno-2-8"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">j</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">n</span><span class="p">):</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-9" name="__codelineno-2-9" href="#__codelineno-2-9"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">]:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-10" name="__codelineno-2-10" href="#__codelineno-2-10"></a> <span class="n">k</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">j</span> <span class="c1"># 记录最小元素的索引</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-11" name="__codelineno-2-11" href="#__codelineno-2-11"></a> <span class="c1"># 将该最小元素与未排序区间的首个元素交换</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-12" name="__codelineno-2-12" href="#__codelineno-2-12"></a> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">selection_sort.go</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1" href="#__codelineno-3-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 选择排序 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-2" name="__codelineno-3-2" href="#__codelineno-3-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">selectionSort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-3" name="__codelineno-3-3" href="#__codelineno-3-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-4" name="__codelineno-3-4" href="#__codelineno-3-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 外循环:未排序区间为 [i, n-1]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-5" name="__codelineno-3-5" href="#__codelineno-3-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-6" name="__codelineno-3-6" href="#__codelineno-3-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 内循环:找到未排序区间内的最小元素</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-7" name="__codelineno-3-7" href="#__codelineno-3-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">k</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-8" name="__codelineno-3-8" href="#__codelineno-3-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-9" name="__codelineno-3-9" href="#__codelineno-3-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">k</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-10" name="__codelineno-3-10" href="#__codelineno-3-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 记录最小元素的索引</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-11" name="__codelineno-3-11" href="#__codelineno-3-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">k</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">j</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-12" name="__codelineno-3-12" href="#__codelineno-3-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-13" name="__codelineno-3-13" href="#__codelineno-3-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-14" name="__codelineno-3-14" href="#__codelineno-3-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 将该最小元素与未排序区间的首个元素交换</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-15" name="__codelineno-3-15" href="#__codelineno-3-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">k</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">k</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-16" name="__codelineno-3-16" href="#__codelineno-3-16"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-3-17" name="__codelineno-3-17" href="#__codelineno-3-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-18" name="__codelineno-3-18" href="#__codelineno-3-18"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">selection_sort.js</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-4-1" name="__codelineno-4-1" href="#__codelineno-4-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 选择排序 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-2" name="__codelineno-4-2" href="#__codelineno-4-2"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">selectionSort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-3" name="__codelineno-4-3" href="#__codelineno-4-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-4" name="__codelineno-4-4" href="#__codelineno-4-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 外循环:未排序区间为 [i, n-1]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-5" name="__codelineno-4-5" href="#__codelineno-4-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-6" name="__codelineno-4-6" href="#__codelineno-4-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 内循环:找到未排序区间内的最小元素</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-7" name="__codelineno-4-7" href="#__codelineno-4-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">k</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-8" name="__codelineno-4-8" href="#__codelineno-4-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-9" name="__codelineno-4-9" href="#__codelineno-4-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">k</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-10" name="__codelineno-4-10" href="#__codelineno-4-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">k</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 记录最小元素的索引</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-11" name="__codelineno-4-11" href="#__codelineno-4-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-12" name="__codelineno-4-12" href="#__codelineno-4-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-13" name="__codelineno-4-13" href="#__codelineno-4-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 将该最小元素与未排序区间的首个元素交换</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-14" name="__codelineno-4-14" href="#__codelineno-4-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">k</span><span class="p">]]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">k</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]];</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-15" name="__codelineno-4-15" href="#__codelineno-4-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-16" name="__codelineno-4-16" href="#__codelineno-4-16"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">selection_sort.ts</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1" href="#__codelineno-5-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 选择排序 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-2" name="__codelineno-5-2" href="#__codelineno-5-2"></a><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">selectionSort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">number</span><span class="p">[])</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-3" name="__codelineno-5-3" href="#__codelineno-5-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-4" name="__codelineno-5-4" href="#__codelineno-5-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 外循环:未排序区间为 [i, n-1]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-5" name="__codelineno-5-5" href="#__codelineno-5-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-6" name="__codelineno-5-6" href="#__codelineno-5-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 内循环:找到未排序区间内的最小元素</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-7" name="__codelineno-5-7" href="#__codelineno-5-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">k</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-8" name="__codelineno-5-8" href="#__codelineno-5-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-9" name="__codelineno-5-9" href="#__codelineno-5-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">k</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-10" name="__codelineno-5-10" href="#__codelineno-5-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">k</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">j</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 记录最小元素的索引</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-11" name="__codelineno-5-11" href="#__codelineno-5-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-12" name="__codelineno-5-12" href="#__codelineno-5-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-13" name="__codelineno-5-13" href="#__codelineno-5-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 将该最小元素与未排序区间的首个元素交换</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-14" name="__codelineno-5-14" href="#__codelineno-5-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">k</span><span class="p">]]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">k</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">i</span><span class="p">]];</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-15" name="__codelineno-5-15" href="#__codelineno-5-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-16" name="__codelineno-5-16" href="#__codelineno-5-16"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">selection_sort.c</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-6-1" name="__codelineno-6-1" href="#__codelineno-6-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 选择排序 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-2" name="__codelineno-6-2" href="#__codelineno-6-2"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">selectionSort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-3" name="__codelineno-6-3" href="#__codelineno-6-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 外循环:未排序区间为 [i, n-1]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-4" name="__codelineno-6-4" href="#__codelineno-6-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-5" name="__codelineno-6-5" href="#__codelineno-6-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 内循环:找到未排序区间内的最小元素</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-6" name="__codelineno-6-6" href="#__codelineno-6-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">k</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-7" name="__codelineno-6-7" href="#__codelineno-6-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-8" name="__codelineno-6-8" href="#__codelineno-6-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">])</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-9" name="__codelineno-6-9" href="#__codelineno-6-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">k</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 记录最小元素的索引</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-10" name="__codelineno-6-10" href="#__codelineno-6-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-11" name="__codelineno-6-11" href="#__codelineno-6-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 将该最小元素与未排序区间的首个元素交换</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-12" name="__codelineno-6-12" href="#__codelineno-6-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">temp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-13" name="__codelineno-6-13" href="#__codelineno-6-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">];</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-14" name="__codelineno-6-14" href="#__codelineno-6-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">temp</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-15" name="__codelineno-6-15" href="#__codelineno-6-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-6-16" name="__codelineno-6-16" href="#__codelineno-6-16"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">selection_sort.cs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-7-1" name="__codelineno-7-1" href="#__codelineno-7-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 选择排序 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-2" name="__codelineno-7-2" href="#__codelineno-7-2"></a><span class="k">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">selectionSort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-3" name="__codelineno-7-3" href="#__codelineno-7-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">Length</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-4" name="__codelineno-7-4" href="#__codelineno-7-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 外循环:未排序区间为 [i, n-1]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-5" name="__codelineno-7-5" href="#__codelineno-7-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-6" name="__codelineno-7-6" href="#__codelineno-7-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 内循环:找到未排序区间内的最小元素</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-7" name="__codelineno-7-7" href="#__codelineno-7-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">k</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-8" name="__codelineno-7-8" href="#__codelineno-7-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-9" name="__codelineno-7-9" href="#__codelineno-7-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">])</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-10" name="__codelineno-7-10" href="#__codelineno-7-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">k</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 记录最小元素的索引</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-11" name="__codelineno-7-11" href="#__codelineno-7-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-12" name="__codelineno-7-12" href="#__codelineno-7-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 将该最小元素与未排序区间的首个元素交换</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-13" name="__codelineno-7-13" href="#__codelineno-7-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">]);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-14" name="__codelineno-7-14" href="#__codelineno-7-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-15" name="__codelineno-7-15" href="#__codelineno-7-15"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">selection_sort.swift</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-8-1" name="__codelineno-8-1" href="#__codelineno-8-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 选择排序 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-2" name="__codelineno-8-2" href="#__codelineno-8-2"></a><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nf">selectionSort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kr">inout</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">Int</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-3" name="__codelineno-8-3" href="#__codelineno-8-3"></a> <span class="c1">// 外循环:未排序区间为 [i, n-1]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-4" name="__codelineno-8-4" href="#__codelineno-8-4"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">indices</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">dropLast</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-5" name="__codelineno-8-5" href="#__codelineno-8-5"></a> <span class="c1">// 内循环:找到未排序区间内的最小元素</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-6" name="__codelineno-8-6" href="#__codelineno-8-6"></a> <span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nv">k</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">i</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-7" name="__codelineno-8-7" href="#__codelineno-8-7"></a> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">j</span> <span class="k">in</span> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">indices</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="bp">dropFirst</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-8" name="__codelineno-8-8" href="#__codelineno-8-8"></a> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-9" name="__codelineno-8-9" href="#__codelineno-8-9"></a> <span class="n">k</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="n">j</span> <span class="c1">// 记录最小元素的索引</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-10" name="__codelineno-8-10" href="#__codelineno-8-10"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-11" name="__codelineno-8-11" href="#__codelineno-8-11"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-12" name="__codelineno-8-12" href="#__codelineno-8-12"></a> <span class="c1">// 将该最小元素与未排序区间的首个元素交换</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-13" name="__codelineno-8-13" href="#__codelineno-8-13"></a> <span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">swapAt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-14" name="__codelineno-8-14" href="#__codelineno-8-14"></a> <span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-15" name="__codelineno-8-15" href="#__codelineno-8-15"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">selection_sort.zig</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-9-1" name="__codelineno-9-1" href="#__codelineno-9-1"></a><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">class</span><span class="p">]{}</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">]{</span><span class="n">selectionSort</span><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">selection_sort.dart</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-10-1" name="__codelineno-10-1" href="#__codelineno-10-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 选择排序 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-10-2" name="__codelineno-10-2" href="#__codelineno-10-2"></a><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">selectionSort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">List</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-10-3" name="__codelineno-10-3" href="#__codelineno-10-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">length</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-10-4" name="__codelineno-10-4" href="#__codelineno-10-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 外循环:未排序区间为 [i, n-1]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-10-5" name="__codelineno-10-5" href="#__codelineno-10-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-10-6" name="__codelineno-10-6" href="#__codelineno-10-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 内循环:找到未排序区间内的最小元素</span>
<a id="__codelineno-10-7" name="__codelineno-10-7" href="#__codelineno-10-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">k</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-10-8" name="__codelineno-10-8" href="#__codelineno-10-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-10-9" name="__codelineno-10-9" href="#__codelineno-10-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">k</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 记录最小元素的索引</span>
<a id="__codelineno-10-10" name="__codelineno-10-10" href="#__codelineno-10-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-10-11" name="__codelineno-10-11" href="#__codelineno-10-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 将该最小元素与未排序区间的首个元素交换</span>
<a id="__codelineno-10-12" name="__codelineno-10-12" href="#__codelineno-10-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">temp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">];</span>
<a id="__codelineno-10-13" name="__codelineno-10-13" href="#__codelineno-10-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">];</span>
<a id="__codelineno-10-14" name="__codelineno-10-14" href="#__codelineno-10-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">temp</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-10-15" name="__codelineno-10-15" href="#__codelineno-10-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-10-16" name="__codelineno-10-16" href="#__codelineno-10-16"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
<div class="tabbed-block">
<div class="highlight"><span class="filename">selection_sort.rs</span><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-11-1" name="__codelineno-11-1" href="#__codelineno-11-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 选择排序 */</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-2" name="__codelineno-11-2" href="#__codelineno-11-2"></a><span class="k">fn</span> <span class="nf">selection_sort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nums</span>: <span class="kp">&amp;</span><span class="nc">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kt">i32</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-3" name="__codelineno-11-3" href="#__codelineno-11-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="p">();</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-4" name="__codelineno-11-4" href="#__codelineno-11-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 外循环:未排序区间为 [i, n-1]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-5" name="__codelineno-11-5" href="#__codelineno-11-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">..</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-6" name="__codelineno-11-6" href="#__codelineno-11-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 内循环:找到未排序区间内的最小元素</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-7" name="__codelineno-11-7" href="#__codelineno-11-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">mut</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">k</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-8" name="__codelineno-11-8" href="#__codelineno-11-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">in</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">i</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">..</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-9" name="__codelineno-11-9" href="#__codelineno-11-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-10" name="__codelineno-11-10" href="#__codelineno-11-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">k</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 记录最小元素的索引</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-11" name="__codelineno-11-11" href="#__codelineno-11-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-12" name="__codelineno-11-12" href="#__codelineno-11-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-13" name="__codelineno-11-13" href="#__codelineno-11-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 将该最小元素与未排序区间的首个元素交换</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-14" name="__codelineno-11-14" href="#__codelineno-11-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nums</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">swap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">k</span><span class="p">);</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-15" name="__codelineno-11-15" href="#__codelineno-11-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-16" name="__codelineno-11-16" href="#__codelineno-11-16"></a><span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<h2 id="1121">11.2.1 &nbsp; 算法特性<a class="headerlink" href="#1121" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>时间复杂度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n^2)\)</span> 、非自适应排序</strong>:外循环共 <span class="arithmatex">\(n - 1\)</span> 轮,第一轮的未排序区间长度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> ,最后一轮的未排序区间长度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(2\)</span> ,即各轮外循环分别包含 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(n - 1\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(\dots\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(2\)</span> 轮内循环,求和为 <span class="arithmatex">\(\frac{(n - 1)(n + 2)}{2}\)</span></li>
<li><strong>空间复杂度 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(1)\)</span> 、原地排序</strong>:指针 <span class="arithmatex">\(i\)</span> , <span class="arithmatex">\(j\)</span> 使用常数大小的额外空间。</li>
<li><strong>非稳定排序</strong>:如图 11-3 所示,元素 <code>nums[i]</code> 有可能被交换至与其相等的元素的右边,导致两者相对顺序发生改变。</li>
</ul>
<p><img alt="选择排序非稳定示例" src="../selection_sort.assets/selection_sort_instability.png" /></p>
<p align="center"> 图 11-3 &nbsp; 选择排序非稳定示例 </p>
<h2 id="__comments">评论</h2>
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