hello-algo/zh-hant/codes/kotlin/chapter_computational_complexity/recursion.kt
Yudong Jin b2f0d4603d
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2024-04-11 20:18:19 +08:00

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1.7 KiB
Kotlin

/**
* File: recursion.kt
* Created Time: 2024-01-25
* Author: curtishd (1023632660@qq.com)
*/
package chapter_computational_complexity.recursion
import java.util.*
/* 遞迴 */
fun recur(n: Int): Int {
// 終止條件
if (n == 1)
return 1
// 遞: 遞迴呼叫
val res = recur(n - 1)
// 迴: 返回結果
return n + res
}
/* 使用迭代模擬遞迴 */
fun forLoopRecur(n: Int): Int {
// 使用一個顯式的堆疊來模擬系統呼叫堆疊
val stack = Stack<Int>()
var res = 0
// 遞: 遞迴呼叫
for (i in n downTo 0) {
stack.push(i)
}
// 迴: 返回結果
while (stack.isNotEmpty()) {
// 透過“出堆疊操作”模擬“迴”
res += stack.pop()
}
// res = 1+2+3+...+n
return res
}
/* 尾遞迴 */
tailrec fun tailRecur(n: Int, res: Int): Int {
// 新增 tailrec 關鍵詞,以開啟尾遞迴最佳化
// 終止條件
if (n == 0)
return res
// 尾遞迴呼叫
return tailRecur(n - 1, res + n)
}
/* 費波那契數列:遞迴 */
fun fib(n: Int): Int {
// 終止條件 f(1) = 0, f(2) = 1
if (n == 1 || n == 2)
return n - 1
// 遞迴呼叫 f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2)
val res = fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2)
// 返回結果 f(n)
return res
}
/* Driver Code */
fun main() {
val n = 5
var res: Int
res = recur(n)
println("\n遞迴函式的求和結果 res = $res")
res = forLoopRecur(n)
println("\n使用迭代模擬遞迴求和結果 res = $res")
res = tailRecur(n, 0)
println("\n尾遞迴函式的求和結果 res = $res")
res = fib(n)
println("\n費波那契數列的第 $n 項為 $res")
}