mirror of
https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo.git
synced 2024-12-26 14:36:28 +08:00
a005c6ebd3
* Update avatar's link in the landing page * Bug fixes * Move assets folder from overrides to docs * Reduce figures' corner radius * Update copyright * Update header image * Krahets -> krahets * Update the landing page
171 lines
5.2 KiB
C++
171 lines
5.2 KiB
C++
/**
|
|
* File: hash_map_open_addressing.cpp
|
|
* Created Time: 2023-06-13
|
|
* Author: krahets (krahets@163.com)
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
#include "./array_hash_map.cpp"
|
|
|
|
/* 开放寻址哈希表 */
|
|
class HashMapOpenAddressing {
|
|
private:
|
|
int size; // 键值对数量
|
|
int capacity = 4; // 哈希表容量
|
|
const double loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0; // 触发扩容的负载因子阈值
|
|
const int extendRatio = 2; // 扩容倍数
|
|
vector<Pair *> buckets; // 桶数组
|
|
Pair *TOMBSTONE = new Pair(-1, "-1"); // 删除标记
|
|
|
|
public:
|
|
/* 构造方法 */
|
|
HashMapOpenAddressing() : size(0), buckets(capacity, nullptr) {
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/* 析构方法 */
|
|
~HashMapOpenAddressing() {
|
|
for (Pair *pair : buckets) {
|
|
if (pair != nullptr && pair != TOMBSTONE) {
|
|
delete pair;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
delete TOMBSTONE;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/* 哈希函数 */
|
|
int hashFunc(int key) {
|
|
return key % capacity;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/* 负载因子 */
|
|
double loadFactor() {
|
|
return (double)size / capacity;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/* 搜索 key 对应的桶索引 */
|
|
int findBucket(int key) {
|
|
int index = hashFunc(key);
|
|
int firstTombstone = -1;
|
|
// 线性探测,当遇到空桶时跳出
|
|
while (buckets[index] != nullptr) {
|
|
// 若遇到 key ,返回对应的桶索引
|
|
if (buckets[index]->key == key) {
|
|
// 若之前遇到了删除标记,则将键值对移动至该索引处
|
|
if (firstTombstone != -1) {
|
|
buckets[firstTombstone] = buckets[index];
|
|
buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE;
|
|
return firstTombstone; // 返回移动后的桶索引
|
|
}
|
|
return index; // 返回桶索引
|
|
}
|
|
// 记录遇到的首个删除标记
|
|
if (firstTombstone == -1 && buckets[index] == TOMBSTONE) {
|
|
firstTombstone = index;
|
|
}
|
|
// 计算桶索引,越过尾部则返回头部
|
|
index = (index + 1) % capacity;
|
|
}
|
|
// 若 key 不存在,则返回添加点的索引
|
|
return firstTombstone == -1 ? index : firstTombstone;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/* 查询操作 */
|
|
string get(int key) {
|
|
// 搜索 key 对应的桶索引
|
|
int index = findBucket(key);
|
|
// 若找到键值对,则返回对应 val
|
|
if (buckets[index] != nullptr && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {
|
|
return buckets[index]->val;
|
|
}
|
|
// 若键值对不存在,则返回空字符串
|
|
return "";
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/* 添加操作 */
|
|
void put(int key, string val) {
|
|
// 当负载因子超过阈值时,执行扩容
|
|
if (loadFactor() > loadThres) {
|
|
extend();
|
|
}
|
|
// 搜索 key 对应的桶索引
|
|
int index = findBucket(key);
|
|
// 若找到键值对,则覆盖 val 并返回
|
|
if (buckets[index] != nullptr && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {
|
|
buckets[index]->val = val;
|
|
return;
|
|
}
|
|
// 若键值对不存在,则添加该键值对
|
|
buckets[index] = new Pair(key, val);
|
|
size++;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/* 删除操作 */
|
|
void remove(int key) {
|
|
// 搜索 key 对应的桶索引
|
|
int index = findBucket(key);
|
|
// 若找到键值对,则用删除标记覆盖它
|
|
if (buckets[index] != nullptr && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {
|
|
delete buckets[index];
|
|
buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE;
|
|
size--;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/* 扩容哈希表 */
|
|
void extend() {
|
|
// 暂存原哈希表
|
|
vector<Pair *> bucketsTmp = buckets;
|
|
// 初始化扩容后的新哈希表
|
|
capacity *= extendRatio;
|
|
buckets = vector<Pair *>(capacity, nullptr);
|
|
size = 0;
|
|
// 将键值对从原哈希表搬运至新哈希表
|
|
for (Pair *pair : bucketsTmp) {
|
|
if (pair != nullptr && pair != TOMBSTONE) {
|
|
put(pair->key, pair->val);
|
|
delete pair;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/* 打印哈希表 */
|
|
void print() {
|
|
for (Pair *pair : buckets) {
|
|
if (pair == nullptr) {
|
|
cout << "nullptr" << endl;
|
|
} else if (pair == TOMBSTONE) {
|
|
cout << "TOMBSTONE" << endl;
|
|
} else {
|
|
cout << pair->key << " -> " << pair->val << endl;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
/* Driver Code */
|
|
int main() {
|
|
// 初始化哈希表
|
|
HashMapOpenAddressing hashmap;
|
|
|
|
// 添加操作
|
|
// 在哈希表中添加键值对 (key, val)
|
|
hashmap.put(12836, "小哈");
|
|
hashmap.put(15937, "小啰");
|
|
hashmap.put(16750, "小算");
|
|
hashmap.put(13276, "小法");
|
|
hashmap.put(10583, "小鸭");
|
|
cout << "\n添加完成后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value" << endl;
|
|
hashmap.print();
|
|
|
|
// 查询操作
|
|
// 向哈希表中输入键 key ,得到值 val
|
|
string name = hashmap.get(13276);
|
|
cout << "\n输入学号 13276 ,查询到姓名 " << name << endl;
|
|
|
|
// 删除操作
|
|
// 在哈希表中删除键值对 (key, val)
|
|
hashmap.remove(16750);
|
|
cout << "\n删除 16750 后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value" << endl;
|
|
hashmap.print();
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
}
|