hello-algo/codes/java/chapter_hashing/hash_map_open_addressing.java
Yudong Jin a005c6ebd3
Some improvements (#1073)
* Update avatar's link in the landing page

* Bug fixes

* Move assets folder from overrides to docs

* Reduce figures' corner radius

* Update copyright

* Update header image

* Krahets -> krahets

* Update the landing page
2024-02-07 22:21:18 +08:00

158 lines
5 KiB
Java
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

/**
* File: hash_map_open_addressing.java
* Created Time: 2023-06-13
* Author: krahets (krahets@163.com)
*/
package chapter_hashing;
/* 开放寻址哈希表 */
class HashMapOpenAddressing {
private int size; // 键值对数量
private int capacity = 4; // 哈希表容量
private final double loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0; // 触发扩容的负载因子阈值
private final int extendRatio = 2; // 扩容倍数
private Pair[] buckets; // 桶数组
private final Pair TOMBSTONE = new Pair(-1, "-1"); // 删除标记
/* 构造方法 */
public HashMapOpenAddressing() {
size = 0;
buckets = new Pair[capacity];
}
/* 哈希函数 */
private int hashFunc(int key) {
return key % capacity;
}
/* 负载因子 */
private double loadFactor() {
return (double) size / capacity;
}
/* 搜索 key 对应的桶索引 */
private int findBucket(int key) {
int index = hashFunc(key);
int firstTombstone = -1;
// 线性探测,当遇到空桶时跳出
while (buckets[index] != null) {
// 若遇到 key ,返回对应的桶索引
if (buckets[index].key == key) {
// 若之前遇到了删除标记,则将键值对移动至该索引处
if (firstTombstone != -1) {
buckets[firstTombstone] = buckets[index];
buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE;
return firstTombstone; // 返回移动后的桶索引
}
return index; // 返回桶索引
}
// 记录遇到的首个删除标记
if (firstTombstone == -1 && buckets[index] == TOMBSTONE) {
firstTombstone = index;
}
// 计算桶索引,越过尾部则返回头部
index = (index + 1) % capacity;
}
// 若 key 不存在,则返回添加点的索引
return firstTombstone == -1 ? index : firstTombstone;
}
/* 查询操作 */
public String get(int key) {
// 搜索 key 对应的桶索引
int index = findBucket(key);
// 若找到键值对,则返回对应 val
if (buckets[index] != null && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {
return buckets[index].val;
}
// 若键值对不存在,则返回 null
return null;
}
/* 添加操作 */
public void put(int key, String val) {
// 当负载因子超过阈值时,执行扩容
if (loadFactor() > loadThres) {
extend();
}
// 搜索 key 对应的桶索引
int index = findBucket(key);
// 若找到键值对,则覆盖 val 并返回
if (buckets[index] != null && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {
buckets[index].val = val;
return;
}
// 若键值对不存在,则添加该键值对
buckets[index] = new Pair(key, val);
size++;
}
/* 删除操作 */
public void remove(int key) {
// 搜索 key 对应的桶索引
int index = findBucket(key);
// 若找到键值对,则用删除标记覆盖它
if (buckets[index] != null && buckets[index] != TOMBSTONE) {
buckets[index] = TOMBSTONE;
size--;
}
}
/* 扩容哈希表 */
private void extend() {
// 暂存原哈希表
Pair[] bucketsTmp = buckets;
// 初始化扩容后的新哈希表
capacity *= extendRatio;
buckets = new Pair[capacity];
size = 0;
// 将键值对从原哈希表搬运至新哈希表
for (Pair pair : bucketsTmp) {
if (pair != null && pair != TOMBSTONE) {
put(pair.key, pair.val);
}
}
}
/* 打印哈希表 */
public void print() {
for (Pair pair : buckets) {
if (pair == null) {
System.out.println("null");
} else if (pair == TOMBSTONE) {
System.out.println("TOMBSTONE");
} else {
System.out.println(pair.key + " -> " + pair.val);
}
}
}
}
public class hash_map_open_addressing {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 初始化哈希表
HashMapOpenAddressing hashmap = new HashMapOpenAddressing();
// 添加操作
// 在哈希表中添加键值对 (key, val)
hashmap.put(12836, "小哈");
hashmap.put(15937, "小啰");
hashmap.put(16750, "小算");
hashmap.put(13276, "小法");
hashmap.put(10583, "小鸭");
System.out.println("\n添加完成后哈希表为\nKey -> Value");
hashmap.print();
// 查询操作
// 向哈希表中输入键 key ,得到值 val
String name = hashmap.get(13276);
System.out.println("\n输入学号 13276 ,查询到姓名 " + name);
// 删除操作
// 在哈希表中删除键值对 (key, val)
hashmap.remove(16750);
System.out.println("\n删除 16750 后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value");
hashmap.print();
}
}