mirror of
https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo.git
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192 lines
5.3 KiB
C++
192 lines
5.3 KiB
C++
/**
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* File: binary_search_tree.c
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* Created Time: 2023-01-11
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* Author: Reanon (793584285@qq.com)
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*/
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#include "../include/include.h"
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/* 二叉搜索树 */
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struct binarySearchTree {
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TreeNode *root;
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};
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typedef struct binarySearchTree binarySearchTree;
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int sortIntHelper(const void *a, const void *b) {
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// 从小到大排序
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return (*(int *) a - *(int *) b);
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}
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/* 构建二叉搜索树 */
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TreeNode *buildTree(int nums[], int i, int j) {
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if (i > j) {
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return NULL;
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}
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// 将数组中间结点作为根结点
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int mid = (i + j) / 2;
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TreeNode *root = newTreeNode(nums[mid]);
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// 递归建立左子树和右子树
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root->left = buildTree(nums, i, mid - 1);
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root->right = buildTree(nums, mid + 1, j);
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return root;
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}
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binarySearchTree *newBinarySearchTree(int nums[], int size) {
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binarySearchTree *bst = (binarySearchTree *) malloc(sizeof(binarySearchTree));
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TreeNode *root;
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// 从小到大排序数组
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qsort(nums, size, sizeof(int), sortIntHelper);
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// 构建二叉搜索树
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root = buildTree(nums, 0, size - 1);
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bst->root = root;
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return bst;
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}
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/* 获取二叉树根结点 */
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TreeNode *getRoot(binarySearchTree *bst) {
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return bst->root;
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}
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/* 查找结点 */
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TreeNode *search(binarySearchTree *bst, int num) {
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TreeNode *cur = bst->root;
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// 循环查找,越过叶结点后跳出
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while (cur != NULL) {
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// 目标结点在 root 的右子树中
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if (cur->val < num) {
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cur = cur->right;
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} else if (cur->val > num) {
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// 目标结点在 root 的左子树中
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cur = cur->left;
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} else {
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// 找到目标结点,跳出循环
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break;
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}
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}
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// 返回目标结点
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return cur;
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}
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/* 插入结点 */
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TreeNode *insert(binarySearchTree *bst, int num) {
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// 若树为空,直接提前返回
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if (bst->root == NULL) return NULL;
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TreeNode *cur = bst->root, *pre = NULL;
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// 循环查找,越过叶结点后跳出
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while (cur != NULL) {
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// 找到重复结点,直接返回
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if (cur->val == num) {
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return NULL;
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}
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pre = cur;
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if (cur->val < num) {
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// 插入位置在 root 的右子树中
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cur = cur->right;
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} else {
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// 插入位置在 root 的左子树中
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cur = cur->left;
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}
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}
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// 插入结点 val
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TreeNode *node = newTreeNode(num);
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if (pre->val < num) {
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pre->right = node;
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} else {
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pre->left = node;
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}
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return node;
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}
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/* 获取中序遍历中的下一个结点(仅适用于 root 有左子结点的情况) */
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TreeNode *getInOrderNext(TreeNode *root) {
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if (root == NULL) return root;
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// 循环访问左子结点,直到叶结点时为最小结点,跳出
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while (root->left != NULL) {
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root = root->left;
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}
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return root;
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}
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/* 删除结点 */
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// 由于引入了 stdio.h ,此处无法使用 remove 关键词
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TreeNode *removeNode(binarySearchTree *bst, int num) {
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// 若树为空,直接提前返回
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if (bst->root == NULL) return NULL;
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TreeNode *cur = bst->root, *pre = NULL;
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// 循环查找,越过叶结点后跳出
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while (cur != NULL) {
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// 找到待删除结点,跳出循环
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if (cur->val == num) break;
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pre = cur;
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if (cur->val < num) {
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// 待删除结点在 root 的右子树中
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cur = cur->right;
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} else {
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// 待删除结点在 root 的左子树中
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cur = cur->left;
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}
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}
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// 若无待删除结点,则直接返回
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if (cur == NULL) {
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return NULL;
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}
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// 判断待删除结点是否存在子结点
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if (cur->left == NULL || cur->right == NULL) {
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/* 子结点数量 = 0 or 1 */
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// 当子结点数量 = 0 / 1 时, child = nullptr / 该子结点
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TreeNode *child = cur->left != NULL ? cur->left : cur->right;
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// 删除结点 cur
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if (pre->left == cur) {
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pre->left = child;
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} else {
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pre->right = child;
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}
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} else {
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/* 子结点数量 = 2 */
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// 获取中序遍历中 cur 的下一个结点
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TreeNode *nex = getInOrderNext(cur->right);
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int tmp = nex->val;
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// 递归删除结点 nex
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removeNode(bst, nex->val);
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// 将 nex 的值复制给 cur
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cur->val = tmp;
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}
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return cur;
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}
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/* Driver Code */
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int main() {
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/* 初始化二叉搜索树 */
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int nums[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15};
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binarySearchTree *bst = newBinarySearchTree(nums, sizeof(nums) / sizeof(int));
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printf("初始化的二叉树为\n");
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printTree(getRoot(bst));
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/* 查找结点 */
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TreeNode *node = search(bst, 7);
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printf("查找到的结点对象的结点值 = %d\n", node->val);
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/* 插入结点 */
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insert(bst, 16);
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printf("插入结点 16 后,二叉树为\n");
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printTree(getRoot(bst));
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/* 删除结点 */
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removeNode(bst, 1);
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printf("删除结点 1 后,二叉树为\n");
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printTree(getRoot(bst));
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removeNode(bst, 2);
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printf("删除结点 2 后,二叉树为\n");
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printTree(getRoot(bst));
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removeNode(bst, 4);
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printf("删除结点 4 后,二叉树为\n");
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printTree(getRoot(bst));
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// 释放内存
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free(bst);
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return 0;
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}
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