mirror of
https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo.git
synced 2024-12-25 14:16:29 +08:00
1980 lines
No EOL
116 KiB
HTML
1980 lines
No EOL
116 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
||
<html class="no-js" lang="en">
|
||
<head>
|
||
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
|
||
<meta content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1" name="viewport"/>
|
||
<meta content="Data Structures and Algorithms Crash Course with Animated Illustrations and Off-the-Shelf Code" name="description"/>
|
||
<meta content="krahets" name="author"/>
|
||
<link href="https://www.hello-algo.com/en/" rel="canonical"/>
|
||
<link href="assets/images/favicon.png" rel="icon"/>
|
||
<meta content="mkdocs-1.5.3, mkdocs-material-9.5.5" name="generator"/>
|
||
<title>
|
||
Hello Algo
|
||
</title>
|
||
<link href="assets/stylesheets/main.50c56a3b.min.css" rel="stylesheet"/>
|
||
<link href="assets/stylesheets/palette.06af60db.min.css" rel="stylesheet"/>
|
||
<link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" rel="preconnect"/>
|
||
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:300,300i,400,400i,700,700i%7CRoboto+Mono:400,400i,700,700i&display=fallback" rel="stylesheet"/>
|
||
<style>
|
||
:root{--md-text-font:"Roboto";--md-code-font:"Roboto Mono"}
|
||
</style>
|
||
<link href="stylesheets/extra.css" rel="stylesheet"/>
|
||
<script>
|
||
__md_scope=new URL(".",location),__md_hash=e=>[...e].reduce((e,_)=>(e<<5)-e+_.charCodeAt(0),0),__md_get=(e,_=localStorage,t=__md_scope)=>JSON.parse(_.getItem(t.pathname+"."+e)),__md_set=(e,_,t=localStorage,a=__md_scope)=>{try{t.setItem(a.pathname+"."+e,JSON.stringify(_))}catch(e){}}
|
||
</script>
|
||
</head>
|
||
<body data-md-color-accent="teal" data-md-color-primary="white" data-md-color-scheme="default" dir="ltr" style="background-color: var(--md-body-bg-color);">
|
||
<input autocomplete="off" class="md-toggle" data-md-toggle="drawer" id="__drawer" type="checkbox"/>
|
||
<input autocomplete="off" class="md-toggle" data-md-toggle="search" id="__search" type="checkbox"/>
|
||
<label class="md-overlay" for="__drawer">
|
||
</label>
|
||
<div data-md-component="skip">
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div data-md-color-primary="black" data-md-color-scheme="slate" data-md-component="announce">
|
||
</div>
|
||
<header class="md-header md-header--shadow" data-md-color-primary="black" data-md-color-scheme="slate" data-md-component="header">
|
||
<nav aria-label="Header" class="md-header__inner md-grid">
|
||
<a aria-label="Hello Algo" class="md-header__button md-logo" data-md-component="logo" href="." title="Hello Algo">
|
||
<img alt="logo" src="assets/images/logo.svg"/>
|
||
</a>
|
||
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__drawer">
|
||
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
||
<path d="M3 6h18v2H3V6m0 5h18v2H3v-2m0 5h18v2H3v-2Z">
|
||
</path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
</label>
|
||
<div class="md-header__title" data-md-component="header-title">
|
||
<div class="md-header__ellipsis">
|
||
<div class="md-header__topic">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Hello Algo
|
||
</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="md-header__topic" data-md-component="header-topic">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Home
|
||
</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<form class="md-header__option" data-md-component="palette">
|
||
<input aria-label="Dark mode" class="md-option" data-md-color-accent="teal" data-md-color-media="" data-md-color-primary="white" data-md-color-scheme="default" id="__palette_0" name="__palette" type="radio"/>
|
||
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__palette_1" hidden="" title="Dark mode">
|
||
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
||
<path d="M7.5 2c-1.79 1.15-3 3.18-3 5.5s1.21 4.35 3.03 5.5C4.46 13 2 10.54 2 7.5A5.5 5.5 0 0 1 7.5 2m11.57 1.5 1.43 1.43L4.93 20.5 3.5 19.07 19.07 3.5m-6.18 2.43L11.41 5 9.97 6l.42-1.7L9 3.24l1.75-.12.58-1.65L12 3.1l1.73.03-1.35 1.13.51 1.67m-3.3 3.61-1.16-.73-1.12.78.34-1.32-1.09-.83 1.36-.09.45-1.29.51 1.27 1.36.03-1.05.87.4 1.31M19 13.5a5.5 5.5 0 0 1-5.5 5.5c-1.22 0-2.35-.4-3.26-1.07l7.69-7.69c.67.91 1.07 2.04 1.07 3.26m-4.4 6.58 2.77-1.15-.24 3.35-2.53-2.2m4.33-2.7 1.15-2.77 2.2 2.54-3.35.23m1.15-4.96-1.14-2.78 3.34.24-2.2 2.54M9.63 18.93l2.77 1.15-2.53 2.19-.24-3.34Z">
|
||
</path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
</label>
|
||
<input aria-label="Light mode" class="md-option" data-md-color-accent="teal" data-md-color-media="" data-md-color-primary="black" data-md-color-scheme="slate" id="__palette_1" name="__palette" type="radio"/>
|
||
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__palette_0" hidden="" title="Light mode">
|
||
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
||
<path d="M7.5 2c-1.79 1.15-3 3.18-3 5.5s1.21 4.35 3.03 5.5C4.46 13 2 10.54 2 7.5A5.5 5.5 0 0 1 7.5 2m11.57 1.5 1.43 1.43L4.93 20.5 3.5 19.07 19.07 3.5m-6.18 2.43L11.41 5 9.97 6l.42-1.7L9 3.24l1.75-.12.58-1.65L12 3.1l1.73.03-1.35 1.13.51 1.67m-3.3 3.61-1.16-.73-1.12.78.34-1.32-1.09-.83 1.36-.09.45-1.29.51 1.27 1.36.03-1.05.87.4 1.31M19 13.5a5.5 5.5 0 0 1-5.5 5.5c-1.22 0-2.35-.4-3.26-1.07l7.69-7.69c.67.91 1.07 2.04 1.07 3.26m-4.4 6.58 2.77-1.15-.24 3.35-2.53-2.2m4.33-2.7 1.15-2.77 2.2 2.54-3.35.23m1.15-4.96-1.14-2.78 3.34.24-2.2 2.54M9.63 18.93l2.77 1.15-2.53 2.19-.24-3.34Z">
|
||
</path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
</label>
|
||
</form>
|
||
<script>
|
||
var media,input,key,value,palette=__md_get("__palette");if(palette&&palette.color){"(prefers-color-scheme)"===palette.color.media&&(media=matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)"),input=document.querySelector(media.matches?"[data-md-color-media='(prefers-color-scheme: light)']":"[data-md-color-media='(prefers-color-scheme: dark)']"),palette.color.media=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-media"),palette.color.scheme=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-scheme"),palette.color.primary=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-primary"),palette.color.accent=input.getAttribute("data-md-color-accent"));for([key,value]of Object.entries(palette.color))document.body.setAttribute("data-md-color-"+key,value)}
|
||
</script>
|
||
<div class="md-header__option">
|
||
<div class="md-select">
|
||
<button aria-label="Select language" class="md-header__button md-icon">
|
||
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
||
<path d="m12.87 15.07-2.54-2.51.03-.03A17.52 17.52 0 0 0 14.07 6H17V4h-7V2H8v2H1v2h11.17C11.5 7.92 10.44 9.75 9 11.35 8.07 10.32 7.3 9.19 6.69 8h-2c.73 1.63 1.73 3.17 2.98 4.56l-5.09 5.02L4 19l5-5 3.11 3.11.76-2.04M18.5 10h-2L12 22h2l1.12-3h4.75L21 22h2l-4.5-12m-2.62 7 1.62-4.33L19.12 17h-3.24Z">
|
||
</path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
</button>
|
||
<div class="md-select__inner">
|
||
<ul class="md-select__list">
|
||
<li class="md-select__item">
|
||
<a class="md-select__link" href="/" hreflang="zh">
|
||
简体中文
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-select__item">
|
||
<a class="md-select__link" href="/zh-hant/" hreflang="zh-Hant">
|
||
繁體中文
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-select__item">
|
||
<a class="md-select__link" href="/en/" hreflang="en">
|
||
English
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<label class="md-header__button md-icon" for="__search">
|
||
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
||
<path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 16 9.5c0 1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 4.23l.27.27h.79l5 5-1.5 1.5-5-5v-.79l-.27-.27A6.516 6.516 0 0 1 9.5 16 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 3 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 9.5 3m0 2C7 5 5 7 5 9.5S7 14 9.5 14 14 12 14 9.5 12 5 9.5 5Z" fill="var(--md-default-fg-color)">
|
||
</path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
</label>
|
||
<div class="md-search" data-md-component="search" role="dialog">
|
||
<label class="md-search__overlay" for="__search">
|
||
</label>
|
||
<div class="md-search__inner" role="search">
|
||
<form class="md-search__form" name="search">
|
||
<input aria-label="Search" autocapitalize="off" autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" class="md-search__input" data-md-component="search-query" name="query" placeholder="Search" required="" spellcheck="false" type="text"/>
|
||
<label class="md-search__icon md-icon" for="__search">
|
||
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
||
<path d="M9.5 3A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 16 9.5c0 1.61-.59 3.09-1.56 4.23l.27.27h.79l5 5-1.5 1.5-5-5v-.79l-.27-.27A6.516 6.516 0 0 1 9.5 16 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 3 9.5 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 9.5 3m0 2C7 5 5 7 5 9.5S7 14 9.5 14 14 12 14 9.5 12 5 9.5 5Z" fill="var(--md-default-fg-color)">
|
||
</path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
||
<path d="M20 11v2H8l5.5 5.5-1.42 1.42L4.16 12l7.92-7.92L13.5 5.5 8 11h12Z">
|
||
</path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
</label>
|
||
<nav aria-label="Search" class="md-search__options">
|
||
<a aria-label="Share" class="md-search__icon md-icon" data-clipboard="" data-clipboard-text="" data-md-component="search-share" href="javascript:void(0)" tabindex="-1" title="Share">
|
||
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
||
<path d="M18 16.08c-.76 0-1.44.3-1.96.77L8.91 12.7c.05-.23.09-.46.09-.7 0-.24-.04-.47-.09-.7l7.05-4.11c.54.5 1.25.81 2.04.81a3 3 0 0 0 3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3-3 3 3 0 0 0-3 3c0 .24.04.47.09.7L8.04 9.81C7.5 9.31 6.79 9 6 9a3 3 0 0 0-3 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3c.79 0 1.5-.31 2.04-.81l7.12 4.15c-.05.21-.08.43-.08.66 0 1.61 1.31 2.91 2.92 2.91 1.61 0 2.92-1.3 2.92-2.91A2.92 2.92 0 0 0 18 16.08Z">
|
||
</path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
</a>
|
||
<button aria-label="Clear" class="md-search__icon md-icon" tabindex="-1" title="Clear" type="reset">
|
||
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
||
<path d="M19 6.41 17.59 5 12 10.59 6.41 5 5 6.41 10.59 12 5 17.59 6.41 19 12 13.41 17.59 19 19 17.59 13.41 12 19 6.41Z">
|
||
</path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
</button>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
<div class="md-search__suggest" data-md-component="search-suggest">
|
||
</div>
|
||
</form>
|
||
<div class="md-search__output">
|
||
<div class="md-search__scrollwrap" data-md-scrollfix="">
|
||
<div class="md-search-result" data-md-component="search-result">
|
||
<div class="md-search-result__meta">
|
||
Initializing search
|
||
</div>
|
||
<ol class="md-search-result__list" role="presentation">
|
||
</ol>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="md-header__source">
|
||
<a class="md-source" data-md-component="source" href="https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo" title="Go to repository">
|
||
<div class="md-source__icon md-icon">
|
||
<svg viewbox="0 0 496 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
||
<!--! Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2023 Fonticons, Inc.-->
|
||
<path d="M165.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6zm-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3zm44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9zM244.8 8C106.1 8 0 113.3 0 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C428.2 457.8 496 362.9 496 252 496 113.3 383.5 8 244.8 8zM97.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1zm-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7zm32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1zm-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9 1.6 2.3 4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3 1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2z">
|
||
</path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="md-source__repository">
|
||
krahets/hello-algo
|
||
</div>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</header>
|
||
<div class="md-container" data-md-component="container">
|
||
<section class="home-div" data-md-color-primary="grey" data-md-color-scheme="slate" style="height: min(100vh, 120vw); position: relative; margin-top:-2.4rem; padding: 0; overflow: hidden;">
|
||
<img alt="" class="hero-bg" src="../assets/hero/universe_bg.png"/>
|
||
<div class="hero-div">
|
||
<img alt="" src="../assets/hero/ground.png" style="position: absolute; width: auto; height: 26.445%; left: 28.211%; top: 54.145%;"/>
|
||
<img alt="" src="../assets/hero/links.png" style="position: absolute; width: auto; height: 78.751%; left: 10.545%; top: 7.326%;"/>
|
||
<a href="chapter_introduction/">
|
||
<img alt="" src="../assets/hero/astronaut.png" style="height: 46.673%; left: 35.413%; top: 24.343%;"/>
|
||
<span style="left: 52.744%; top: 22.319%;">
|
||
Encounter with Algorithms
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
<a href="chapter_computational_complexity/">
|
||
<img alt="" src="../assets/hero/chapter_computational_complexity.png" style="height: 12.347%; left: 36.267%; top: 37.653%;"/>
|
||
<span style="left: 40.244%; top: 33.919%;">
|
||
Complexity analysis
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
<a href="chapter_array_and_linkedlist/">
|
||
<img alt="" src="../assets/hero/chapter_array_and_linkedlist.png" style="height: 22.242%; left: 73.242%; top: 52.481%;"/>
|
||
<span style="left: 90.897%; top: 76.259%;">
|
||
Array and linked list
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
<a href="chapter_stack_and_queue/">
|
||
<img alt="" src="../assets/hero/chapter_stack_and_queue.png" style="height: 14.302%; left: 62.646%; top: 77.875%;"/>
|
||
<span style="left: 80.071%; top: 88.25%;">
|
||
Stack and queue
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
<a href="chapter_hashing/">
|
||
<img alt="" src="../assets/hero/chapter_hashing.png" style="height: 15.266%; left: 63.281%; top: 27.933%;"/>
|
||
<span style="left: 68.862%; top: 46.292%;">
|
||
Hash table
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
<a href="chapter_tree/">
|
||
<img alt="" src="../assets/hero/chapter_tree.png" style="height: 19.615%; left: 80.137%; top: 26.678%;"/>
|
||
<span style="left: 96.159%; top: 44.8%;">
|
||
Tree
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
<a href="chapter_heap/">
|
||
<img alt="" src="../assets/hero/chapter_heap.png" style="height: 10.566%; left: 77.226%; top: 11.559%;"/>
|
||
<span style="left: 88.103%; top: 15.422%;">
|
||
Heap
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
<a href="chapter_graph/">
|
||
<img alt="" src="../assets/hero/chapter_graph.png" style="height: 16.112%; left: 51.854%; top: 5.575%;"/>
|
||
<span style="left: 71.195%; top: 6.503%;">
|
||
Graph
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
<a href="chapter_searching/">
|
||
<img alt="" src="../assets/hero/chapter_searching.png" style="height: 15.149%; left: 18.185%; top: 16.404%;"/>
|
||
<span style="left: 14.556%; top: 20.876%;">
|
||
Searching
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
<a href="chapter_sorting/">
|
||
<img alt="" src="../assets/hero/chapter_sorting.png" style="height: 9.574%; left: 25.409%; top: 40.747%;"/>
|
||
<span style="left: 28.805%; top: 53.808%;">
|
||
Sorting
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
<a href="chapter_divide_and_conquer/">
|
||
<img alt="" src="../assets/hero/chapter_divide_and_conquer.png" style="height: 18.681%; left: 32.721%; top: 4.816%;"/>
|
||
<span style="left: 29.42%; top: 6.679%;">
|
||
Divide and conquer
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
<a href="chapter_backtracking/">
|
||
<img alt="" src="../assets/hero/chapter_backtracking.png" style="height: 17.338%; left: 4.875%; top: 32.925%;"/>
|
||
<span style="left: 4.742%; top: 50.113%;">
|
||
Backtracking
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
<a href="chapter_dynamic_programming/">
|
||
<img alt="" src="../assets/hero/chapter_dynamic_programming.png" style="height: 15.47%; left: 9.406%; top: 57.472%;"/>
|
||
<span style="left: 8.561%; top: 75.351%;">
|
||
Dynamic programming
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
<a href="chapter_greedy/">
|
||
<img alt="" src="../assets/hero/chapter_greedy.png" style="height: 14.127%; left: 23.132%; top: 75.803%;"/>
|
||
<span style="left: 21.619%; top: 86.85%;">
|
||
Greedy
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="heading-div">
|
||
<img alt="" src="https://readme-typing-svg.demolab.com?font=Noto+Sans+SC&weight=400&duration=3500&pause=2000&color=21C8B8&center=true&vCenter=true&random=false&width=200&lines=Hello%2C+Algo+!" style="height: min(9vh, 12vw);"/>
|
||
<div style="pointer-events: auto;">
|
||
<p style="margin-top: max(-1vh, -2vw); margin-bottom: min(2vh, 3.5vw);">
|
||
Data structures and algorithms crash course with animated illustrations and off-the-shelf code
|
||
</p>
|
||
<a class="rounded-button" href="chapter_hello_algo/">
|
||
<svg viewbox="0 0 512 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
||
<!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.-->
|
||
<path d="M160 96a96 96 0 1 1 192 0A96 96 0 1 1 160 96zm80 152V512l-48.4-24.2c-20.9-10.4-43.5-17-66.8-19.3l-96-9.6C12.5 457.2 0 443.5 0 427V224c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H62.3c63.6 0 125.6 19.6 177.7 56zm32 264V248c52.1-36.4 114.1-56 177.7-56H480c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32V427c0 16.4-12.5 30.2-28.8 31.8l-96 9.6c-23.2 2.3-45.9 8.9-66.8 19.3L272 512z">
|
||
</path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
<span>
|
||
Dive in
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
<a class="rounded-button" href="https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo">
|
||
<svg viewbox="0 0 496 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
||
<path d="M165.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3 .3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6zm-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5 .3-6.2 2.3zm44.2-1.7c-2.9 .7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9 .3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9zM244.8 8C106.1 8 0 113.3 0 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C428.2 457.8 496 362.9 496 252 496 113.3 383.5 8 244.8 8zM97.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3 .7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1zm-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3 .3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6 .7 4.3-.7 .7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3 .7zm32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3 .7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1zm-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9 1.6 2.3 4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3 1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2z">
|
||
</path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
<span>
|
||
GitHub
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div style="text-align: center; margin-top: min(2.5vh, 3.5vw);">
|
||
<svg fill="var(--md-default-fg-color)" height="2vh" viewbox="0 0 384 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
||
<path d="M169.4 470.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0L224 370.8 224 64c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 306.7L54.6 265.4c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3l160 160z">
|
||
</path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section class="home-div" data-md-color-scheme="slate">
|
||
<div class="section-content">
|
||
<img alt="Preview" src="index.assets/hello_algo_header.png" style="width: 100%; max-width: 41.5em;"/>
|
||
<div class="code-badge">
|
||
<img alt="" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Python-snow?logo=python&logoColor=3776AB"/>
|
||
<img alt="" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Java-snow?logo=coffeescript&logoColor=FC4C02"/>
|
||
<img alt="" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/C%2B%2B-snow?logo=c%2B%2B&logoColor=00599C"/>
|
||
<img alt="" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/C-snow?logo=c&logoColor=A8B9CC"/>
|
||
<img alt="" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/C%23-snow?logo=csharp&logoColor=512BD4"/>
|
||
<img alt="" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/JS-snow?logo=javascript&logoColor=E9CE30"/>
|
||
<img alt="" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Go-snow?logo=go&logoColor=00ADD8"/>
|
||
<img alt="" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Swift-snow?logo=swift&logoColor=F05138"/>
|
||
<img alt="" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Rust-snow?logo=rust&logoColor=000000"/>
|
||
<img alt="" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Ruby-snow?logo=ruby&logoColor=CC342D"/>
|
||
<img alt="" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Kotlin-snow?logo=kotlin&logoColor=7F52FF"/>
|
||
<img alt="" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/TS-snow?logo=typescript&logoColor=3178C6"/>
|
||
<img alt="" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Dart-snow?logo=dart&logoColor=0175C2"/>
|
||
<img alt="" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Zig-snow?logo=zig&logoColor=F7A41D"/>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p style="margin-top: 2em;">
|
||
500 animated illustrations, 14 programming languages, and 3000 community Q&As to help you quickly get started with data structures and algorithms
|
||
</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section class="home-div" data-md-color-primary="white" data-md-color-scheme="default">
|
||
<div class="section-content">
|
||
<div class="reading-media">
|
||
<div class="media-block">
|
||
<a href="chapter_paperbook/">
|
||
<div style="height: 8.17%;">
|
||
</div>
|
||
<img alt="Cover" class="device-on-hover" src="../assets/hero/cover_render.png" style="height: 66.83%;"/>
|
||
<div class="text-button">
|
||
<span>
|
||
Paperbook
|
||
</span>
|
||
<svg viewbox="0 0 320 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
||
<path d="M278.6 233.4c12.5 12.5 12.5 32.8 0 45.3l-160 160c-12.5 12.5-32.8 12.5-45.3 0s-12.5-32.8 0-45.3L210.7 256 73.4 118.6c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.8 0-45.3s32.8-12.5 45.3 0l160 160z">
|
||
</path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="media-block">
|
||
<a href="chapter_hello_algo/">
|
||
<div style="height: 4.34%;">
|
||
</div>
|
||
<img alt="" class="device-on-hover" src="../assets/hero/web_mac_iphone.png" style="height: 66.31%;"/>
|
||
<div style="height: 4.34%;">
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="text-button">
|
||
<span>
|
||
Read online
|
||
</span>
|
||
<svg viewbox="0 0 320 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
||
<path d="M278.6 233.4c12.5 12.5 12.5 32.8 0 45.3l-160 160c-12.5 12.5-32.8 12.5-45.3 0s-12.5-32.8 0-45.3L210.7 256 73.4 118.6c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.8 0-45.3s32.8-12.5 45.3 0l160 160z">
|
||
</path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="media-block">
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo/releases">
|
||
<img alt="" class="device-on-hover" src="../assets/hero/pdf_ipad.png" style="height: 75%;"/>
|
||
<div class="text-button">
|
||
<span>
|
||
Download PDF
|
||
</span>
|
||
<svg viewbox="0 0 320 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
||
<path d="M278.6 233.4c12.5 12.5 12.5 32.8 0 45.3l-160 160c-12.5 12.5-32.8 12.5-45.3 0s-12.5-32.8 0-45.3L210.7 256 73.4 118.6c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.8 0-45.3s32.8-12.5 45.3 0l160 160z">
|
||
</path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section class="home-div" data-md-color-primary="grey" data-md-color-scheme="slate">
|
||
<div class="section-content">
|
||
<h3 style="text-align: center; margin: 1em auto;">
|
||
Endorsements
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<div class="intro-container" style="margin: 0 auto;">
|
||
<div class="intro-text endor-text">
|
||
<p style="margin-bottom: 0;">
|
||
“An easy-to-understand book on data structures and algorithms, which guides readers to learn by minds-on and hands-on. Strongly recommended for algorithm beginners!”
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p style="font-weight: bold;">
|
||
—— Junhui Deng, Professor, Department of computer science and technology, Tsinghua University
|
||
</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="intro-text endor-text">
|
||
<p style="margin-bottom: 0;">
|
||
“If I had 'Hello Algo' when I was learning data structures and algorithms, it would have been 10 times easier!”
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p style="font-weight: bold;">
|
||
—— Mu Li, Senior principal scientist, Amazon
|
||
</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section class="home-div" data-md-color-primary="white" data-md-color-scheme="default">
|
||
<div class="section-content">
|
||
<div class="intro-container">
|
||
<div class="intro-text">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<div style="display: flex; align-items: center;">
|
||
<svg height="1.5em" viewbox="0 0 640 512" width="1.5em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
||
<path d="M256 0H576c35.3 0 64 28.7 64 64V288c0 35.3-28.7 64-64 64H256c-35.3 0-64-28.7-64-64V64c0-35.3 28.7-64 64-64zM476 106.7C471.5 100 464 96 456 96s-15.5 4-20 10.7l-56 84L362.7 169c-4.6-5.7-11.5-9-18.7-9s-14.2 3.3-18.7 9l-64 80c-5.8 7.2-6.9 17.1-2.9 25.4s12.4 13.6 21.6 13.6h80 48H552c8.9 0 17-4.9 21.2-12.7s3.7-17.3-1.2-24.6l-96-144zM336 96a32 32 0 1 0 -64 0 32 32 0 1 0 64 0zM64 128h96V384v32c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32H320c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V384H512v64c0 35.3-28.7 64-64 64H64c-35.3 0-64-28.7-64-64V192c0-35.3 28.7-64 64-64zm8 64c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16v16c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16H88c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16V208c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16H72zm0 104c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16v16c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16H88c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16V312c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16H72zm0 104c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16v16c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16H88c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16V416c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16H72zm336 16v16c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16h16c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16V416c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16H424c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16z" fill="var(--md-primary-bg-color)">
|
||
</path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
<h3 style="margin-left: 0.5em;">
|
||
Animated illustrations
|
||
</h3>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p style="margin: 0;">
|
||
It's crafted for ease of understanding, ensuring a smooth learning journey.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p class="intro-quote">
|
||
"A picture is worth a thousand words."
|
||
</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<img alt="Animation example" class="intro-image" src="index.assets/animation.gif"/>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="intro-container">
|
||
<img alt="Running code example" class="intro-image" src="index.assets/running_code.gif"/>
|
||
<div class="intro-text">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<div style="display: flex; align-items: center;">
|
||
<svg height="1.5em" viewbox="0 0 640 512" width="1.5em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
||
<path d="M392.8 1.2c-17-4.9-34.7 5-39.6 22l-128 448c-4.9 17 5 34.7 22 39.6s34.7-5 39.6-22l128-448c4.9-17-5-34.7-22-39.6zm80.6 120.1c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L562.7 256l-89.4 89.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l112-112c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-112-112c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0zm-306.7 0c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0l-112 112c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3l112 112c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0s12.5-32.8 0-45.3L77.3 256l89.4-89.4c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3z" fill="var(--md-primary-bg-color)">
|
||
</path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
<h3 style="margin-left: 0.5em;">
|
||
Off-the-shelf code
|
||
</h3>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p style="margin: 0;">
|
||
Featuring multiple programming languages, all runnable with a single click.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p class="intro-quote">
|
||
"Talk is cheap. Show me the code."
|
||
</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="intro-container">
|
||
<div class="intro-text">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<div style="display: flex; align-items: center;">
|
||
<svg height="1.5em" viewbox="0 0 640 512" width="1.5em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
||
<path d="M88.2 309.1c9.8-18.3 6.8-40.8-7.5-55.8C59.4 230.9 48 204 48 176c0-63.5 63.8-128 160-128s160 64.5 160 128s-63.8 128-160 128c-13.1 0-25.8-1.3-37.8-3.6c-10.4-2-21.2-.6-30.7 4.2c-4.1 2.1-8.3 4.1-12.6 6c-16 7.2-32.9 13.5-49.9 18c2.8-4.6 5.4-9.1 7.9-13.6c1.1-1.9 2.2-3.9 3.2-5.9zM0 176c0 41.8 17.2 80.1 45.9 110.3c-.9 1.7-1.9 3.5-2.8 5.1c-10.3 18.4-22.3 36.5-36.6 52.1c-6.6 7-8.3 17.2-4.6 25.9C5.8 378.3 14.4 384 24 384c43 0 86.5-13.3 122.7-29.7c4.8-2.2 9.6-4.5 14.2-6.8c15.1 3 30.9 4.5 47.1 4.5c114.9 0 208-78.8 208-176S322.9 0 208 0S0 78.8 0 176zM432 480c16.2 0 31.9-1.6 47.1-4.5c4.6 2.3 9.4 4.6 14.2 6.8C529.5 498.7 573 512 616 512c9.6 0 18.2-5.7 22-14.5c3.8-8.8 2-19-4.6-25.9c-14.2-15.6-26.2-33.7-36.6-52.1c-.9-1.7-1.9-3.4-2.8-5.1C622.8 384.1 640 345.8 640 304c0-94.4-87.9-171.5-198.2-175.8c4.1 15.2 6.2 31.2 6.2 47.8l0 .6c87.2 6.7 144 67.5 144 127.4c0 28-11.4 54.9-32.7 77.2c-14.3 15-17.3 37.6-7.5 55.8c1.1 2 2.2 4 3.2 5.9c2.5 4.5 5.2 9 7.9 13.6c-17-4.5-33.9-10.7-49.9-18c-4.3-1.9-8.5-3.9-12.6-6c-9.5-4.8-20.3-6.2-30.7-4.2c-12.1 2.4-24.7 3.6-37.8 3.6c-61.7 0-110-26.5-136.8-62.3c-16 5.4-32.8 9.4-50 11.8C279 439.8 350 480 432 480z" fill="var(--md-primary-bg-color)">
|
||
</path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
<h3 style="margin-left: 0.5em;">
|
||
Learning together
|
||
</h3>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p style="margin: 0;">
|
||
Welcome discussions and questions with open arms.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p class="intro-quote">
|
||
"Learning by teaching."
|
||
</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<img alt="Comments example" class="intro-image" src="index.assets/comment.gif"/>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<section class="home-div" data-md-color-primary="grey" data-md-color-scheme="slate">
|
||
<div class="section-content" style="max-width: 90vw;">
|
||
<div style="margin: 2em auto;">
|
||
<h3>
|
||
Author
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<div class="profile-div">
|
||
<div class="profile-cell">
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/krahets">
|
||
<img alt="Author: yudongjin" class="profile-img" src="../assets/avatar/avatar_yudongjin.jpg"/>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<b>
|
||
Yudong Jin（@krahets）
|
||
</b>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div style="margin: 2em auto;">
|
||
<h3>
|
||
Code reviewers
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<div class="profile-div">
|
||
<div class="profile-cell">
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/codingonion">
|
||
<img alt="Reviewer: codingonion" class="profile-img" src="../assets/avatar/avatar_codingonion.jpg"/>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<b>
|
||
codingonion
|
||
</b>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<sub>
|
||
Zig, Rust
|
||
</sub>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="profile-cell">
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/curtishd">
|
||
<img alt="Reviewer: curtishd" class="profile-img" src="../assets/avatar/avatar_curtishd.jpg"/>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<b>
|
||
curtishd
|
||
</b>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<sub>
|
||
Kotlin
|
||
</sub>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="profile-cell">
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/Gonglja">
|
||
<img alt="Reviewer: Gonglja" class="profile-img" src="../assets/avatar/avatar_Gonglja.jpg"/>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<b>
|
||
Gonglja
|
||
</b>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<sub>
|
||
C, C++
|
||
</sub>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="profile-cell">
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/gvenusleo">
|
||
<img alt="Reviewer: gvenusleo" class="profile-img" src="../assets/avatar/avatar_gvenusleo.jpg"/>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<b>
|
||
gvenusleo
|
||
</b>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<sub>
|
||
Dart
|
||
</sub>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="profile-cell">
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/hpstory">
|
||
<img alt="Reviewer: hpstory" class="profile-img" src="../assets/avatar/avatar_hpstory.jpg"/>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<b>
|
||
hpstory
|
||
</b>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<sub>
|
||
C#
|
||
</sub>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="profile-cell">
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/justin-tse">
|
||
<img alt="Reviewer: justin-tse" class="profile-img" src="../assets/avatar/avatar_justin-tse.jpg"/>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<b>
|
||
justin-tse
|
||
</b>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<sub>
|
||
JS, TS
|
||
</sub>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="profile-cell">
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/khoaxuantu">
|
||
<img alt="Reviewer: khoaxuantu" class="profile-img" src="../assets/avatar/avatar_khoaxuantu.jpg"/>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<b>
|
||
khoaxuantu
|
||
</b>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<sub>
|
||
Ruby
|
||
</sub>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="profile-cell">
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/krahets">
|
||
<img alt="Reviewer: krahets" class="profile-img" src="../assets/avatar/avatar_krahets.jpg"/>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<b>
|
||
krahets
|
||
</b>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<sub>
|
||
Python, Java
|
||
</sub>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="profile-cell">
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/night-cruise">
|
||
<img alt="Reviewer: night-cruise" class="profile-img" src="../assets/avatar/avatar_night-cruise.jpg"/>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<b>
|
||
night-cruise
|
||
</b>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<sub>
|
||
Rust
|
||
</sub>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="profile-cell">
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/nuomi1">
|
||
<img alt="Reviewer: nuomi1" class="profile-img" src="../assets/avatar/avatar_nuomi1.jpg"/>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<b>
|
||
nuomi1
|
||
</b>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<sub>
|
||
Swift
|
||
</sub>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="profile-cell">
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/Reanon">
|
||
<img alt="Reviewer: Reanon" class="profile-img" src="../assets/avatar/avatar_Reanon.jpg"/>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<b>
|
||
Reanon
|
||
</b>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<sub>
|
||
Go, C
|
||
</sub>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="profile-cell">
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/rongyi">
|
||
<img alt="Reviewer: rongyi" class="profile-img" src="../assets/avatar/avatar_rongyi.jpg"/>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<b>
|
||
rongyi
|
||
</b>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<sub>
|
||
Rust
|
||
</sub>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div style="margin: 2em auto;">
|
||
<h3>
|
||
English version reviewers
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<div class="profile-div">
|
||
<div class="profile-cell">
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/yuelinxin">
|
||
<img alt="Reviewer: yuelinxin" class="profile-img" src="../assets/avatar/avatar_yuelinxin.jpg"/>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<b>
|
||
yuelinxin
|
||
</b>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="profile-cell">
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/K3v123">
|
||
<img alt="Reviewer: K3v123" class="profile-img" src="../assets/avatar/avatar_K3v123.jpg"/>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<b>
|
||
K3v123
|
||
</b>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="profile-cell">
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/QiLOL">
|
||
<img alt="Reviewer: QiLOL" class="profile-img" src="../assets/avatar/avatar_QiLOL.jpg"/>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<b>
|
||
QiLOL
|
||
</b>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="profile-cell">
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/Phoenix0415">
|
||
<img alt="Reviewer: Phoenix0415" class="profile-img" src="../assets/avatar/avatar_Phoenix0415.jpg"/>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<b>
|
||
Phoenix0415
|
||
</b>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="profile-cell">
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/SamJin98">
|
||
<img alt="Reviewer: SamJin98" class="profile-img" src="../assets/avatar/avatar_SamJin98.jpg"/>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<b>
|
||
SamJin98
|
||
</b>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="profile-cell">
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/yanedie">
|
||
<img alt="Reviewer: yanedie" class="profile-img" src="../assets/avatar/avatar_yanedie.jpg"/>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<b>
|
||
yanedie
|
||
</b>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="profile-cell">
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/RafaelCaso">
|
||
<img alt="Reviewer: RafaelCaso" class="profile-img" src="../assets/avatar/avatar_RafaelCaso.jpg"/>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<b>
|
||
RafaelCaso
|
||
</b>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="profile-cell">
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/pengchzn">
|
||
<img alt="Reviewer: pengchzn" class="profile-img" src="../assets/avatar/avatar_pengchzn.jpg"/>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<b>
|
||
pengchzn
|
||
</b>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="profile-cell">
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/thomasq0">
|
||
<img alt="Reviewer: thomasq0" class="profile-img" src="../assets/avatar/avatar_thomasq0.jpg"/>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<b>
|
||
thomasq0
|
||
</b>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="profile-cell">
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/magentaqin">
|
||
<img alt="Reviewer: magentaqin" class="profile-img" src="../assets/avatar/avatar_magentaqin.jpg"/>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<b>
|
||
magentaqin
|
||
</b>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div style="margin: 2em auto;">
|
||
<h3>
|
||
Contributors
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<p>
|
||
This book has been refined by the efforts of over 180 contributors. We sincerely thank them for their invaluable time and contributions!
|
||
</p>
|
||
<a href="https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo/graphs/contributors">
|
||
<img alt="Contributors" src="https://contrib.rocks/image?repo=krahets/hello-algo&max=300&columns=16" style="width: 100%; max-width: 38.5em;"/>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</section>
|
||
<main class="md-main" data-md-component="main" style="height: 0;">
|
||
<div class="md-main__inner md-grid">
|
||
<div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--primary" data-md-component="sidebar" data-md-type="navigation" hidden="">
|
||
<div class="md-sidebar__scrollwrap">
|
||
<div class="md-sidebar__inner">
|
||
<nav aria-label="Navigation" class="md-nav md-nav--primary" data-md-level="0">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__drawer">
|
||
<a aria-label="Hello Algo" class="md-nav__button md-logo" data-md-component="logo" href="." title="Hello Algo">
|
||
<img alt="logo" src="assets/images/logo.svg"/>
|
||
</a>
|
||
Hello Algo
|
||
</label>
|
||
<div class="md-nav__source">
|
||
<a class="md-source" data-md-component="source" href="https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo" title="Go to repository">
|
||
<div class="md-source__icon md-icon">
|
||
<svg viewbox="0 0 496 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
||
<!--! Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2023 Fonticons, Inc.-->
|
||
<path d="M165.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6zm-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3zm44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9zM244.8 8C106.1 8 0 113.3 0 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C428.2 457.8 496 362.9 496 252 496 113.3 383.5 8 244.8 8zM97.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1zm-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7zm32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1zm-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9 1.6 2.3 4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3 1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2z">
|
||
</path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="md-source__repository">
|
||
krahets/hello-algo
|
||
</div>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_1" type="checkbox"/>
|
||
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_hello_algo/">
|
||
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
||
<path d="m13.13 22.19-1.63-3.83c1.57-.58 3.04-1.36 4.4-2.27l-2.77 6.1M5.64 12.5l-3.83-1.63 6.1-2.77C7 9.46 6.22 10.93 5.64 12.5M19.22 4c.28 0 .53 0 .74.05.17 1.39-.02 4.25-3.3 7.53-1.7 1.71-3.73 3.02-6.01 3.89l-2.15-2.1c.92-2.31 2.23-4.34 3.92-6.03C15.18 4.58 17.64 4 19.22 4m0-2c-1.98 0-4.98.69-8.22 3.93-2.19 2.19-3.5 4.6-4.35 6.71-.28.75-.09 1.57.46 2.13l2.13 2.12c.38.38.89.61 1.42.61.23 0 .47-.06.7-.15A19.1 19.1 0 0 0 18.07 13c5.66-5.66 3.54-10.61 3.54-10.61S20.7 2 19.22 2m-4.68 7.46c-.78-.78-.78-2.05 0-2.83s2.05-.78 2.83 0c.77.78.78 2.05 0 2.83-.78.78-2.05.78-2.83 0m-5.66 7.07-1.41-1.41 1.41 1.41M6.24 22l3.64-3.64c-.34-.09-.67-.24-.97-.45L4.83 22h1.41M2 22h1.41l4.77-4.76-1.42-1.41L2 20.59V22m0-2.83 4.09-4.08c-.21-.3-.36-.62-.45-.97L2 17.76v1.41Z">
|
||
</path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Before starting
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
|
||
</span>
|
||
Before starting
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_2" type="checkbox"/>
|
||
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_preface/">
|
||
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
||
<path d="M21 4H3a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v13a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h18a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2M3 19V6h8v13H3m18 0h-8V6h8v13m-7-9.5h6V11h-6V9.5m0 2.5h6v1.5h-6V12m0 2.5h6V16h-6v-1.5Z">
|
||
</path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Chapter 0. Preface
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2" id="__nav_2_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
|
||
</span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
|
||
</span>
|
||
Chapter 0. Preface
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_preface/about_the_book/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
0.1 About this book
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_preface/suggestions/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
0.2 How to read
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_preface/summary/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
0.3 Summary
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_3" type="checkbox"/>
|
||
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_introduction/">
|
||
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
||
<path d="M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2m0 16H5V5h14v14M6.2 7.7h5v1.5h-5V7.7m6.8 8.1h5v1.5h-5v-1.5m0-2.6h5v1.5h-5v-1.5M8 18h1.5v-2h2v-1.5h-2v-2H8v2H6V16h2v2m6.1-7.1 1.4-1.4 1.4 1.4 1.1-1-1.4-1.4L18 7.1 16.9 6l-1.4 1.4L14.1 6 13 7.1l1.4 1.4L13 9.9l1.1 1Z">
|
||
</path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Chapter 1. Encounter with algorithms
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_3" id="__nav_3_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
|
||
</span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
|
||
</span>
|
||
Chapter 1. Encounter with algorithms
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_introduction/algorithms_are_everywhere/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
1.1 Algorithms are everywhere
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_introduction/what_is_dsa/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
1.2 What is an algorithm
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_introduction/summary/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
1.3 Summary
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_4" type="checkbox"/>
|
||
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_computational_complexity/">
|
||
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
||
<path d="M6 2h12v6l-4 4 4 4v6H6v-6l4-4-4-4V2m10 14.5-4-4-4 4V20h8v-3.5m-4-5 4-4V4H8v3.5l4 4M10 6h4v.75l-2 2-2-2V6Z">
|
||
</path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Chapter 2. Complexity analysis
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_4" id="__nav_4_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
|
||
</span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_4_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_4">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
|
||
</span>
|
||
Chapter 2. Complexity analysis
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_computational_complexity/performance_evaluation/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
2.1 Algorithm efficiency assessment
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_computational_complexity/iteration_and_recursion/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
2.2 Iteration and recursion
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
2.3 Time complexity
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
2.4 Space complexity
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_computational_complexity/summary/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
2.5 Summary
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_5" type="checkbox"/>
|
||
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_data_structure/">
|
||
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
||
<path d="M11 13.5v8H3v-8h8m-2 2H5v4h4v-4M12 2l5.5 9h-11L12 2m0 3.86L10.08 9h3.84L12 5.86M17.5 13c2.5 0 4.5 2 4.5 4.5S20 22 17.5 22 13 20 13 17.5s2-4.5 4.5-4.5m0 2a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5-2.5Z">
|
||
</path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Chapter 3. Data structures
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_5" id="__nav_5_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
|
||
</span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_5">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
|
||
</span>
|
||
Chapter 3. Data structures
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_data_structure/classification_of_data_structure/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
3.1 Classification of data structures
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_data_structure/basic_data_types/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
3.2 Basic data types
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_data_structure/number_encoding/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
3.3 Number encoding *
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_data_structure/character_encoding/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
3.4 Character encoding *
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_data_structure/summary/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
3.5 Summary
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_6" type="checkbox"/>
|
||
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_array_and_linkedlist/">
|
||
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
||
<path d="M3 5v14h17V5H3m4 2v2H5V7h2m-2 6v-2h2v2H5m0 2h2v2H5v-2m13 2H9v-2h9v2m0-4H9v-2h9v2m0-4H9V7h9v2Z">
|
||
</path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Chapter 4. Array and linked list
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_6" id="__nav_6_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
|
||
</span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_6_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_6">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
|
||
</span>
|
||
Chapter 4. Array and linked list
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
4.1 Array
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
4.2 Linked list
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
4.3 List
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_array_and_linkedlist/ram_and_cache/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
4.4 Memory and cache *
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_array_and_linkedlist/summary/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
4.5 Summary
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_7" type="checkbox"/>
|
||
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_stack_and_queue/">
|
||
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
||
<path d="M17.36 20.2v-5.38h1.79V22H3v-7.18h1.8v5.38h12.56M6.77 14.32l.37-1.76 8.79 1.85-.37 1.76-8.79-1.85m1.16-4.21.76-1.61 8.14 3.78-.76 1.62-8.14-3.79m2.26-3.99 1.15-1.38 6.9 5.76-1.15 1.37-6.9-5.75m4.45-4.25L20 9.08l-1.44 1.07-5.36-7.21 1.44-1.07M6.59 18.41v-1.8h8.98v1.8H6.59Z">
|
||
</path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Chapter 5. Stack and queue
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_7" id="__nav_7_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
|
||
</span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
|
||
</span>
|
||
Chapter 5. Stack and queue
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
5.1 Stack
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_stack_and_queue/queue/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
5.2 Queue
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_stack_and_queue/deque/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
5.3 Double-ended queue
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_stack_and_queue/summary/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
5.4 Summary
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_8" type="checkbox"/>
|
||
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_hashing/">
|
||
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
||
<path d="M19.3 17.89c1.32-2.1.7-4.89-1.41-6.21a4.52 4.52 0 0 0-6.21 1.41C10.36 15.2 11 18 13.09 19.3c1.47.92 3.33.92 4.8 0L21 22.39 22.39 21l-3.09-3.11m-2-.62c-.98.98-2.56.97-3.54 0-.97-.98-.97-2.56.01-3.54.97-.97 2.55-.97 3.53 0 .96.99.95 2.57-.03 3.54h.03M19 4H5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h5.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1-1.31-2H5v-4h4.18c.16-.71.43-1.39.82-2H5V8h6v2.81a6.3 6.3 0 0 1 2-1.31V8h6v2a6.499 6.499 0 0 1 2 2V6a2 2 0 0 0-2-2Z">
|
||
</path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Chapter 6. Hash table
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_8" id="__nav_8_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
|
||
</span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_8_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_8">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
|
||
</span>
|
||
Chapter 6. Hash table
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_hashing/hash_map/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
6.1 Hash table
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_hashing/hash_collision/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
6.2 Hash collision
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_hashing/hash_algorithm/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
6.3 Hash algorithm
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_hashing/summary/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
6.4 Summary
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_9" type="checkbox"/>
|
||
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_tree/">
|
||
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
||
<path d="M19.5 17c-.14 0-.26 0-.39.04L17.5 13.8c.45-.45.75-1.09.75-1.8a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5-2.5c-.14 0-.25 0-.4.04L13.74 6.3c.47-.46.76-1.09.76-1.8a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-5 0c0 .7.29 1.34.76 1.79L8.65 9.54c-.15-.04-.26-.04-.4-.04a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5 2.5c0 .71.29 1.34.75 1.79l-1.61 3.25C4.76 17 4.64 17 4.5 17a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 0 5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 7 19.5c0-.7-.29-1.34-.76-1.79l1.62-3.25c.14.04.26.04.39.04s.25 0 .38-.04l1.63 3.25c-.47.45-.76 1.09-.76 1.79a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 5 0A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 12 17c-.13 0-.26 0-.39.04L10 13.8c.45-.45.75-1.09.75-1.8 0-.7-.29-1.33-.75-1.79l1.61-3.25c.13.04.26.04.39.04s.26 0 .39-.04L14 10.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 1.75 4.29c.13 0 .25 0 .38-.04l1.63 3.25c-.47.45-.76 1.09-.76 1.79a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 5 0 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5-2.5m-15 3.5c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1m8.5-1c0 .55-.45 1-1 1s-1-.45-1-1 .45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1M7.25 12c0-.55.45-1 1-1s1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1M11 4.5c0-.55.45-1 1-1s1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1m3.75 7.5c0-.55.45-1 1-1s1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1m4.75 8.5c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1Z">
|
||
</path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Chapter 7. Tree
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_9" id="__nav_9_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
|
||
</span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_9_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_9">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
|
||
</span>
|
||
Chapter 7. Tree
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_tree/binary_tree/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
7.1 Binary tree
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_tree/binary_tree_traversal/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
7.2 Binary tree traversal
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_tree/array_representation_of_tree/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
7.3 Array Representation of tree
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
7.4 Binary Search tree
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_tree/avl_tree/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
7.5 AVL tree *
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_tree/summary/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
7.6 Summary
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_10" type="checkbox"/>
|
||
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_heap/">
|
||
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
||
<path d="M12 1a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5 2.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 11 5.79V7H7a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 3.5 12 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 5 14.29V15H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v1.21A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 .5 20.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 3 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 4 18.21V17h4v1.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5 2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 9 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5-2.29V17a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H7v-.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 8.5 12 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 7 9.71V9h10v.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 15.5 12a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 1.5 2.29V15h-1a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v1.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5 2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 15 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5-2.29V17h4v1.21a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5 2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 21 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0-1.5-2.29V17a2 2 0 0 0-2-2h-1v-.71A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 20.5 12 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 19 9.71V9a2 2 0 0 0-2-2h-4V5.79a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 1.5-2.29A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 12 1m0 1.5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1M6 11a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m12 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1M3 19.5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m6 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m6 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1m6 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1 1 1 1 0 0 1-1-1 1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z">
|
||
</path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Chapter 8. Heap
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_10" id="__nav_10_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
|
||
</span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_10_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_10">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
|
||
</span>
|
||
Chapter 8. Heap
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_heap/heap/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
8.1 Heap
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_heap/build_heap/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
8.2 Building a heap
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_heap/top_k/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
8.3 Top-k problem
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_heap/summary/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
8.4 Summary
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_11" type="checkbox"/>
|
||
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_graph/">
|
||
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
||
<path d="m12 5.37-.44-.06L6 14.9c.24.21.4.48.47.78h11.06c.07-.3.23-.57.47-.78l-5.56-9.59-.44.06M6.6 16.53l4.28 2.53c.29-.27.69-.43 1.12-.43.43 0 .83.16 1.12.43l4.28-2.53H6.6M12 22a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68-1.68l.09-.56-4.3-2.55c-.31.36-.76.58-1.27.58a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68-1.68c0-.79.53-1.45 1.26-1.64V9.36c-.83-.11-1.47-.82-1.47-1.68A1.68 1.68 0 0 1 4.63 6c.55 0 1.03.26 1.34.66l4.41-2.53-.06-.45c0-.93.75-1.68 1.68-1.68.93 0 1.68.75 1.68 1.68l-.06.45 4.41 2.53c.31-.4.79-.66 1.34-.66a1.68 1.68 0 0 1 1.68 1.68c0 .86-.64 1.57-1.47 1.68v5.11c.73.19 1.26.85 1.26 1.64a1.68 1.68 0 0 1-1.68 1.68c-.51 0-.96-.22-1.27-.58l-4.3 2.55.09.56A1.68 1.68 0 0 1 12 22M10.8 4.86 6.3 7.44l.02.24c0 .71-.44 1.32-1.06 1.57l.03 5.25 5.51-9.64m2.4 0 5.51 9.64.03-5.25c-.62-.25-1.06-.86-1.06-1.57l.02-.24-4.5-2.58Z">
|
||
</path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Chapter 9. Graph
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_11" id="__nav_11_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
|
||
</span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_11_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_11">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
|
||
</span>
|
||
Chapter 9. Graph
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_graph/graph/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
9.1 Graph
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_graph/graph_operations/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
9.2 Basic graph operations
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_graph/graph_traversal/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
9.3 Graph traversal
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_graph/summary/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
9.4 Summary
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_12" type="checkbox"/>
|
||
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_searching/">
|
||
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
||
<path d="m19.31 18.9 3.08 3.1L21 23.39l-3.12-3.07c-.69.43-1.51.68-2.38.68-2.5 0-4.5-2-4.5-4.5s2-4.5 4.5-4.5 4.5 2 4.5 4.5c0 .88-.25 1.71-.69 2.4m-3.81.1a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 0-5 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 0 5M21 4v2H3V4h18M3 16v-2h6v2H3m0-5V9h18v2h-2.03c-1.01-.63-2.2-1-3.47-1s-2.46.37-3.47 1H3Z">
|
||
</path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Chapter 10. Searching
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_12" id="__nav_12_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
|
||
</span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_12_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_12">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
|
||
</span>
|
||
Chapter 10. Searching
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_searching/binary_search/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
10.1 Binary search
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_searching/binary_search_insertion/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
10.2 Binary search insertion
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_searching/binary_search_edge/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
10.3 Binary search boundaries
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_searching/replace_linear_by_hashing/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
10.4 Hashing optimization strategies
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_searching/searching_algorithm_revisited/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
10.5 Search algorithms revisited
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_searching/summary/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
10.6 Summary
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_13" type="checkbox"/>
|
||
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_sorting/">
|
||
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
||
<path d="M19 17h3l-4 4-4-4h3V3h2M2 17h10v2H2M6 5v2H2V5m0 6h7v2H2v-2Z">
|
||
</path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Chapter 11. Sorting
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_13" id="__nav_13_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
|
||
</span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_13_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_13">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
|
||
</span>
|
||
Chapter 11. Sorting
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_sorting/sorting_algorithm/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
11.1 Sorting algorithms
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_sorting/selection_sort/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
11.2 Selection sort
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_sorting/bubble_sort/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
11.3 Bubble sort
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_sorting/insertion_sort/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
11.4 Insertion sort
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_sorting/quick_sort/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
11.5 Quick sort
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_sorting/merge_sort/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
11.6 Merge sort
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_sorting/heap_sort/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
11.7 Heap sort
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_sorting/bucket_sort/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
11.8 Bucket sort
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_sorting/counting_sort/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
11.9 Counting sort
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_sorting/radix_sort/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
11.10 Radix sort
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_sorting/summary/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
11.11 Summary
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_14" type="checkbox"/>
|
||
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_divide_and_conquer/">
|
||
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
||
<path d="M17 7v2h5V7h-5M2 9v6h5V9H2m10 0v2H9v2h3v2l3-3-3-3m5 2v2h5v-2h-5m0 4v2h5v-2h-5Z">
|
||
</path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Chapter 12. Divide and conquer
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_14" id="__nav_14_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
|
||
</span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_14_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_14">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
|
||
</span>
|
||
Chapter 12. Divide and conquer
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_divide_and_conquer/divide_and_conquer/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
12.1 Divide and conquer algorithms
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_divide_and_conquer/binary_search_recur/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
12.2 Divide and conquer search strategy
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_divide_and_conquer/build_binary_tree_problem/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
12.3 Building binary tree problem
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_divide_and_conquer/hanota_problem/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
12.4 Tower of Hanoi Problem
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_divide_and_conquer/summary/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
12.5 Summary
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_15" type="checkbox"/>
|
||
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_backtracking/">
|
||
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
||
<path d="M18 15a3 3 0 0 1 3 3 3 3 0 0 1-3 3 2.99 2.99 0 0 1-2.83-2H14v-2h1.17c.41-1.17 1.52-2 2.83-2m0 2a1 1 0 0 0-1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1-1 1 1 0 0 0-1-1m0-9a1.43 1.43 0 0 0 1.43-1.43 1.43 1.43 0 1 0-2.86 0A1.43 1.43 0 0 0 18 8m0-5.43a4 4 0 0 1 4 4C22 9.56 18 14 18 14s-4-4.44-4-7.43a4 4 0 0 1 4-4M8.83 17H10v2H8.83A2.99 2.99 0 0 1 6 21a3 3 0 0 1-3-3c0-1.31.83-2.42 2-2.83V14h2v1.17c.85.3 1.53.98 1.83 1.83M6 17a1 1 0 0 0-1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1-1 1 1 0 0 0-1-1M6 3a3 3 0 0 1 3 3c0 1.31-.83 2.42-2 2.83V10H5V8.83A2.99 2.99 0 0 1 3 6a3 3 0 0 1 3-3m0 2a1 1 0 0 0-1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1-1 1 1 0 0 0-1-1m5 14v-2h2v2h-2m-4-6H5v-2h2v2Z">
|
||
</path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Chapter 13. Backtracking
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_15" id="__nav_15_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
|
||
</span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_15_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_15">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
|
||
</span>
|
||
Chapter 13. Backtracking
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_backtracking/backtracking_algorithm/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
13.1 Backtracking algorithms
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_backtracking/permutations_problem/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
13.2 Permutation problem
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_backtracking/subset_sum_problem/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
13.3 Subset sum problem
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_backtracking/n_queens_problem/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
13.4 n queens problem
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_backtracking/summary/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
13.5 Summary
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_16" type="checkbox"/>
|
||
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_dynamic_programming/">
|
||
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
||
<path d="M22 15h-2v3c0 1.11-.89 2-2 2h-3v2l-3-3 3-3v2h3v-3h-2l3-3 3 3m0-11v4c0 1.1-.9 2-2 2H10v10c0 1.1-.9 2-2 2H4c-1.1 0-2-.9-2-2V4c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h16c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2M4 8h4V4H4v4m0 2v4h4v-4H4m4 10v-4H4v4h4m6-12V4h-4v4h4m6-4h-4v4h4V4Z">
|
||
</path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Chapter 14. Dynamic programming
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_16" id="__nav_16_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
|
||
</span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_16_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_16">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
|
||
</span>
|
||
Chapter 14. Dynamic programming
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_dynamic_programming/intro_to_dynamic_programming/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
14.1 Introduction to dynamic programming
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_problem_features/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
14.2 Characteristics of DP problems
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_dynamic_programming/dp_solution_pipeline/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
14.3 DP problem-solving approach¶
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_dynamic_programming/knapsack_problem/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
14.4 0-1 Knapsack problem
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_dynamic_programming/unbounded_knapsack_problem/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
14.5 Unbounded knapsack problem
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_dynamic_programming/edit_distance_problem/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
14.6 Edit distance problem
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_dynamic_programming/summary/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
14.7 Summary
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_17" type="checkbox"/>
|
||
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_greedy/">
|
||
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
||
<path d="M13 3c3.88 0 7 3.14 7 7 0 2.8-1.63 5.19-4 6.31V21H9v-3H8c-1.11 0-2-.89-2-2v-3H4.5c-.42 0-.66-.5-.42-.81L6 9.66A7.003 7.003 0 0 1 13 3m0-2C8.41 1 4.61 4.42 4.06 8.9L2.5 11h-.03l-.02.03c-.55.76-.62 1.76-.19 2.59.36.69 1 1.17 1.74 1.32V16c0 1.85 1.28 3.42 3 3.87V23h11v-5.5c2.5-1.67 4-4.44 4-7.5 0-4.97-4.04-9-9-9m4 7.83c0 1.54-1.36 2.77-3.42 4.64L13 14l-.58-.53C10.36 11.6 9 10.37 9 8.83c0-1.2.96-2.19 2.16-2.2h.04c.69 0 1.35.31 1.8.83.45-.52 1.11-.83 1.8-.83 1.2-.01 2.2.96 2.2 2.16v.04Z">
|
||
</path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Chapter 15. Greedy
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_17" id="__nav_17_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
|
||
</span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_17_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_17">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
|
||
</span>
|
||
Chapter 15. Greedy
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_greedy/greedy_algorithm/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
15.1 Greedy algorithms
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_greedy/fractional_knapsack_problem/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
15.2 Fractional knapsack problem
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_greedy/max_capacity_problem/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
15.3 Maximum capacity problem
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_greedy/max_product_cutting_problem/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
15.4 Maximum product cutting problem
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_greedy/summary/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
15.5 Summary
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_18" type="checkbox"/>
|
||
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_appendix/">
|
||
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
||
<path d="M11 18h2v-2h-2v2m1-16A10 10 0 0 0 2 12a10 10 0 0 0 10 10 10 10 0 0 0 10-10A10 10 0 0 0 12 2m0 18c-4.41 0-8-3.59-8-8s3.59-8 8-8 8 3.59 8 8-3.59 8-8 8m0-14a4 4 0 0 0-4 4h2a2 2 0 0 1 2-2 2 2 0 0 1 2 2c0 2-3 1.75-3 5h2c0-2.25 3-2.5 3-5a4 4 0 0 0-4-4Z">
|
||
</path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Chapter 16. Appendix
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_18" id="__nav_18_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
|
||
</span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_18_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_18">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
|
||
</span>
|
||
Chapter 16. Appendix
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_appendix/installation/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
16.1 Installation
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_appendix/contribution/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
16.2 Contributing
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_appendix/terminology/">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
16.3 Terminology
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" id="__nav_19" type="checkbox"/>
|
||
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__container">
|
||
<a class="md-nav__link" href="chapter_reference/">
|
||
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
||
<path d="M9 3v15h3V3H9m3 2 4 13 3-1-4-13-3 1M5 5v13h3V5H5M3 19v2h18v-2H3Z">
|
||
</path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
References
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<nav aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="__nav_19_label" class="md-nav" data-md-level="1">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_19">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon">
|
||
</span>
|
||
References
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix="">
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--secondary" data-md-component="sidebar" data-md-type="toc" hidden="">
|
||
<div class="md-sidebar__scrollwrap">
|
||
<div class="md-sidebar__inner">
|
||
<nav aria-label="Table of contents" class="md-nav md-nav--secondary">
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="md-content" data-md-component="content">
|
||
<article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
|
||
<nav aria-label="Footer" class="md-footer__inner md-grid">
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</article>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<script>
|
||
var tabs=__md_get("__tabs");if(Array.isArray(tabs))e:for(var set of document.querySelectorAll(".tabbed-set")){var tab,labels=set.querySelector(".tabbed-labels");for(tab of tabs)for(var label of labels.getElementsByTagName("label"))if(label.innerText.trim()===tab){var input=document.getElementById(label.htmlFor);input.checked=!0;continue e}}
|
||
</script>
|
||
<script>
|
||
var target=document.getElementById(location.hash.slice(1));target&&target.name&&(target.checked=target.name.startsWith("__tabbed_"))
|
||
</script>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<button class="md-top md-icon" data-md-component="top" hidden="" type="button">
|
||
<svg viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
||
<path d="M13 20h-2V8l-5.5 5.5-1.42-1.42L12 4.16l7.92 7.92-1.42 1.42L13 8v12Z">
|
||
</path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
Back to top
|
||
</button>
|
||
</main>
|
||
<footer class="md-footer">
|
||
<div class="md-footer-meta md-typeset">
|
||
<div class="md-footer-meta__inner md-grid">
|
||
<div class="md-copyright">
|
||
<div class="md-copyright__highlight">
|
||
Copyright © 2024 krahets
|
||
<br/>
|
||
The website content is licensed under
|
||
<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/">
|
||
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="md-social">
|
||
<a class="md-social__link" href="https://github.com/krahets" rel="noopener" target="_blank" title="github.com">
|
||
<svg viewbox="0 0 496 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
||
<!--! Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2023 Fonticons, Inc.-->
|
||
<path d="M165.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6zm-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3zm44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9zM244.8 8C106.1 8 0 113.3 0 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C428.2 457.8 496 362.9 496 252 496 113.3 383.5 8 244.8 8zM97.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1zm-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7zm32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1zm-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9 1.6 2.3 4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3 1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2z">
|
||
</path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
</a>
|
||
<a class="md-social__link" href="https://twitter.com/krahets" rel="noopener" target="_blank" title="twitter.com">
|
||
<svg viewbox="0 0 512 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
||
<!--! Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2023 Fonticons, Inc.-->
|
||
<path d="M389.2 48h70.6L305.6 224.2 487 464H345L233.7 318.6 106.5 464H35.8l164.9-188.5L26.8 48h145.6l100.5 132.9L389.2 48zm-24.8 373.8h39.1L151.1 88h-42l255.3 333.8z">
|
||
</path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
</a>
|
||
<a class="md-social__link" href="https://leetcode.cn/u/jyd/" rel="noopener" target="_blank" title="leetcode.cn">
|
||
<svg viewbox="0 0 640 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
|
||
<!--! Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2023 Fonticons, Inc.-->
|
||
<path d="M392.8 1.2c-17-4.9-34.7 5-39.6 22l-128 448c-4.9 17 5 34.7 22 39.6s34.7-5 39.6-22l128-448c4.9-17-5-34.7-22-39.6zm80.6 120.1c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3l89.3 89.4-89.4 89.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l112-112c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-112-112c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0zm-306.7 0c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0l-112 112c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3l112 112c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0s12.5-32.8 0-45.3L77.3 256l89.4-89.4c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3z">
|
||
</path>
|
||
</svg>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</footer>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="md-dialog" data-md-component="dialog">
|
||
<div class="md-dialog__inner md-typeset">
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<script id="__config" type="application/json">
|
||
{"base": ".", "features": ["announce.dismiss", "content.action.edit", "content.code.annotate", "content.code.copy", "content.tabs.link", "content.tooltips", "navigation.indexes", "navigation.top", "navigation.footer", "navigation.tracking", "search.highlight", "search.share", "search.suggest", "toc.follow"], "search": "assets/javascripts/workers/search.b8dbb3d2.min.js", "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "Copied to clipboard", "clipboard.copy": "Copy to clipboard", "search.result.more.one": "1 more on this page", "search.result.more.other": "# more on this page", "search.result.none": "No matching documents", "search.result.one": "1 matching document", "search.result.other": "# matching documents", "search.result.placeholder": "Type to start searching", "search.result.term.missing": "Missing", "select.version": "Select version"}}
|
||
</script>
|
||
<script src="assets/javascripts/bundle.c18c5fb9.min.js">
|
||
</script>
|
||
<script src="javascripts/mathjax.js">
|
||
</script>
|
||
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/3.2.2/es5/tex-mml-chtml.min.js">
|
||
</script>
|
||
</body>
|
||
</html> |