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<h1 id="54">5.4. 小结<a class="headerlink" href="#54" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
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<li>栈是一种遵循先入后出的数据结构,可以使用数组或链表实现。</li>
<li>在时间效率方面,栈的数组实现具有更好的平均效率,但扩容时会导致单次入栈操作的时间复杂度劣化至 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span> 。相对地,栈的链表实现具有更加稳定的效率表现。</li>
<li>在空间效率方面,栈的数组实现会造成一定空间浪费,然而链表结点比数组元素占用内存更大。</li>
<li>队列是一种遵循先入先出的数据结构,可以使用数组或链表实现。对于两种实现的时间效率与空间效率对比,与上述栈的结论相同。</li>
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