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Hello 算法
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M165.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6zm-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3zm44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9zM244.8 8C106.1 8 0 113.3 0 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C428.2 457.8 496 362.9 496 252 496 113.3 383.5 8 244.8 8zM97.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1zm-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7zm32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1zm-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9 1.6 2.3 4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3 1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2z"/></svg>
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc.--><path d="M165.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6zm-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3zm44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9zM244.8 8C106.1 8 0 113.3 0 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C428.2 457.8 496 362.9 496 252 496 113.3 383.5 8 244.8 8zM97.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1zm-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7zm32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1zm-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9 1.6 2.3 4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3 1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2z"/></svg>
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<div class="md-source__repository">
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_8_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_8">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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二叉树
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/binary_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
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二叉树（Binary Tree）
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/binary_tree_traversal/" class="md-nav__link">
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二叉树遍历
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</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
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二叉搜索树
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/avl_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
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AVL 树 *
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_tree/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
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小结
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</ul>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_9" id="__nav_9_label" tabindex="0">
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堆
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_9_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_9">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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堆
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_heap/heap/" class="md-nav__link">
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堆（Heap）
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</ul>
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_10" id="__nav_10_label" tabindex="0">
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图
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_10_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_10">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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图
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../../chapter_graph/graph/" class="md-nav__link">
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图（Graph）
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_graph/graph_operations/" class="md-nav__link">
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图基础操作
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</a>
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</li>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_graph/graph_traversal/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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图的遍历
|
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|
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</ul>
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</nav>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
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|
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_11" id="__nav_11_label" tabindex="0">
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查找算法
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_11_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_11">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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查找算法
|
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</label>
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/linear_search/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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线性查找
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/binary_search/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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二分查找
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/hashing_search/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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哈希查找
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
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|
||
|
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|
||
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_searching/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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小结
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</a>
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|
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</ul>
|
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</nav>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_12" >
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|
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|
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|
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_12" id="__nav_12_label" tabindex="0">
|
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排序算法
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
|
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_12_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_12">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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排序算法
|
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</label>
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/intro_to_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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排序简介
|
||
</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/bubble_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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冒泡排序
|
||
</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/insertion_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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插入排序
|
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</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/quick_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
快速排序
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/merge_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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归并排序
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_sorting/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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小结
|
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</a>
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</li>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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</ul>
|
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</nav>
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_13" >
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|
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|
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<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--index ">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_reference/">参考文献</a>
|
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|
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</div>
|
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_13_label" aria-expanded="false">
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参考文献
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</div>
|
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</div>
|
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|
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<div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--secondary" data-md-component="sidebar" data-md-type="toc" >
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<div class="md-sidebar__scrollwrap">
|
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<div class="md-sidebar__inner">
|
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|
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|
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<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="目录">
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="#011" class="md-nav__link">
|
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0.1.1. 读者对象
|
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</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="#012" class="md-nav__link">
|
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0.1.2. 内容结构
|
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</a>
|
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|
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="0.1.2. 内容结构">
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list">
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="#_1" class="md-nav__link">
|
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复杂度分析
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="#_2" class="md-nav__link">
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数据结构
|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="#_3" class="md-nav__link">
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算法
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|
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|
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|
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</ul>
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</nav>
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="#013" class="md-nav__link">
|
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0.1.3. 配套代码
|
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</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
||
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="#014" class="md-nav__link">
|
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0.1.4. 风格约定
|
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</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="#015" class="md-nav__link">
|
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0.1.5. 本书特点 *
|
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</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="#016" class="md-nav__link">
|
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0.1.6. 致谢
|
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</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#017" class="md-nav__link">
|
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0.1.7. 作者简介
|
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</a>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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</ul>
|
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|
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</nav>
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</div>
|
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</div>
|
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|
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|
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|
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<div class="md-content" data-md-component="content">
|
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<article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<a href="https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo/tree/main/docs/chapter_preface/about_the_book.md" title="编辑此页" class="md-content__button md-icon">
|
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|
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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M10 20H6V4h7v5h5v3.1l2-2V8l-6-6H6c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v16c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h4v-2m10.2-7c.1 0 .3.1.4.2l1.3 1.3c.2.2.2.6 0 .8l-1 1-2.1-2.1 1-1c.1-.1.2-.2.4-.2m0 3.9L14.1 23H12v-2.1l6.1-6.1 2.1 2.1Z"/></svg>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<h1 id="01">0.1. 关于本书<a class="headerlink" href="#01" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h1>
|
||
<p>五年前发生的一件事，成为了我职业生涯的重要转折点。当时的我在交大读研，对互联网求职一无所知，但仍然硬着头皮申请了 Microsoft 软件工程师实习。面试官让我在白板上写出“快速排序”代码，我畏畏缩缩地写了一个“冒泡排序”，并且还写错了<code>(ToT)</code> 。从面试官的表情上，我看到了一个大大的 "GG" 。</p>
|
||
<p>此次失利倒逼我开始刷算法题。我采用“扫雷游戏”式的学习方法，两眼一抹黑刷题，扫到不会的“雷”就通过查资料把它“排掉”，配合周期性总结，逐渐形成了数据结构与算法的知识图景。幸运地，我在秋招斩获了多家大厂的 Offer 。</p>
|
||
<p>回想自己当初在“扫雷式”刷题中被炸的满头包的痛苦，思考良久，我意识到一本“前期刷题必看”的读物可以使算法小白少走许多弯路。写作意愿滚滚袭来，那就动笔吧：</p>
|
||
<h4 align="center"> Hello，算法！ </h4>
|
||
|
||
<h2 id="011">0.1.1. 读者对象<a class="headerlink" href="#011" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<div class="admonition success">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">前置条件</p>
|
||
<p>您需要至少具备任一语言的编程基础，能够阅读和编写简单代码。</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>如果您是 <strong>算法初学者</strong>，完全没有接触过算法，或者已经有少量刷题，对数据结构与算法有朦胧的理解，在会与不会之间反复横跳，那么这本书就是为您而写！本书能够带来：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>了解刷题所需的 <strong>数据结构</strong>，包括常用操作、优势和劣势、典型应用、实现方法等。</li>
|
||
<li>学习各类 <strong>算法</strong>，介绍算法的设计思想、运行效率、优势劣势、实现方法等。</li>
|
||
<li>可一键运行的 <strong>配套代码</strong>，包含详细注释，帮助你通过实践加深理解。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>如果您是 <strong>算法熟练工</strong>，已经积累一定刷题量，接触过大多数题型，那么本书内容对你来说可能稍显基础，但仍能够带来以下价值：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>本书篇幅不长，可以帮助你提纲挈领地回顾算法知识。</li>
|
||
<li>书中包含许多对比性、总结性的算法内容，可以帮助你梳理算法知识体系。</li>
|
||
<li>源代码实现了各种经典数据结构和算法，可以作为“刷题工具库”来使用。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>如果您是 <strong>算法大佬</strong>，请受我膜拜！希望您可以抽时间提出意见建议，或者<a href="https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_preface/contribution/">一起参与创作</a>，帮助各位同学获取更好的学习内容，感谢！</p>
|
||
<h2 id="012">0.1.2. 内容结构<a class="headerlink" href="#012" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>本书主要内容分为复杂度分析、数据结构、算法三个部分。</p>
|
||
<p><img alt="mindmap" src="../about_the_book.assets/mindmap.png" /></p>
|
||
<p align="center"> Fig. 知识点思维导图 </p>
|
||
|
||
<h3 id="_1">复杂度分析<a class="headerlink" href="#_1" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<p>首先介绍数据结构与算法的评价维度、算法效率的评估方法，引出了计算复杂度概念。</p>
|
||
<p>接下来，从 <strong>函数渐近上界</strong> 入手，分别介绍了 <strong>时间复杂度</strong> 和 <strong>空间复杂度</strong>，包括推算方法、常见类型、示例等。同时，剖析了 <strong>最差、最佳、平均</strong> 时间复杂度的联系与区别。</p>
|
||
<h3 id="_2">数据结构<a class="headerlink" href="#_2" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<p>首先介绍了常用的 <strong>基本数据类型</strong> 、以及它们是如何在内存中存储的。</p>
|
||
<p>接下来，介绍了两种 <strong>数据结构分类方法</strong>，包括逻辑结构与物理结构。</p>
|
||
<p>后续展开介绍了 <strong>数组、链表、栈、队列、散列表、树、堆、图</strong> 等数据结构，关心以下内容：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>基本定义：数据结构的设计来源、存在意义；</li>
|
||
<li>主要特点：在各项数据操作中的优势、劣势；</li>
|
||
<li>常用操作：例如访问、更新、插入、删除、遍历、搜索等；</li>
|
||
<li>常见类型：在算法题或工程实际中，经常碰到的数据结构类型；</li>
|
||
<li>典型应用：此数据结构经常搭配哪些算法使用；</li>
|
||
<li>实现方法：对于重要的数据结构，将给出完整的实现示例；</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h3 id="_3">算法<a class="headerlink" href="#_3" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<p>包括 <strong>查找算法、排序算法、搜索与回溯、动态规划、分治算法</strong>，内容包括：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>基本定义：算法的设计思想；</li>
|
||
<li>主要特点：使用前置条件、优势和劣势；</li>
|
||
<li>算法效率：最差和平均时间复杂度、空间复杂度；</li>
|
||
<li>实现方法：完整的算法实现，以及优化措施；</li>
|
||
<li>示例题目：结合例题加深理解；</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h2 id="013">0.1.3. 配套代码<a class="headerlink" href="#013" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>完整代码托管在 <a href="https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo">GitHub 仓库</a> ，皆可一键运行。</p>
|
||
<div class="admonition tip">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">前置工作</p>
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li><a href="https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_preface/installation/">编程环境安装</a> ，若有请跳过</li>
|
||
<li>代码下载与使用方法请见 <a href="https://www.hello-algo.com/chapter_preface/suggestions/#_4">如何使用本书</a></li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<h2 id="014">0.1.4. 风格约定<a class="headerlink" href="#014" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>标题后标注 * 符号的是选读章节，如果你的时间有限，可以先跳过这些章节。</li>
|
||
<li>文章中的重要名词会用「」符号标注，例如「数组 Array」。名词混淆会导致不必要的歧义，因此最好可以记住这类名词（包括中文和英文），以便后续阅读文献时使用。</li>
|
||
<li>重点内容、总起句、总结句会被 <strong>加粗</strong>，此类文字值得特别关注。</li>
|
||
<li>专有名词和有特指含义的词句会使用 “ ” 标注，以避免歧义。</li>
|
||
<li>在工程应用中，每种语言都有注释规范；而本书放弃了一部分的注释规范性，以换取更加紧凑的内容排版。注释主要分为三种类型：标题注释、内容注释、多行注释。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="1:10"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_1_1" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_2" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_3" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_4" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_5" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_6" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_7" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_8" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_9" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_10" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_1_1">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_1_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_1_3">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_1_4">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_1_5">JavaScript</label><label for="__tabbed_1_6">TypeScript</label><label for="__tabbed_1_7">C</label><label for="__tabbed_1_8">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_1_9">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_1_10">Zig</label></div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-content">
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 标题注释，用于标注函数、类、测试样例等 */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2" href="#__codelineno-0-2"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-3" name="__codelineno-0-3" href="#__codelineno-0-3"></a><span class="c1">// 内容注释，用于详解代码</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-4" name="__codelineno-0-4" href="#__codelineno-0-4"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-5" name="__codelineno-0-5" href="#__codelineno-0-5"></a><span class="cm">/**</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-6" name="__codelineno-0-6" href="#__codelineno-0-6"></a><span class="cm"> * 多行</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-7" name="__codelineno-0-7" href="#__codelineno-0-7"></a><span class="cm"> * 注释</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-0-8" name="__codelineno-0-8" href="#__codelineno-0-8"></a><span class="cm"> */</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 标题注释，用于标注函数、类、测试样例等 */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-2" name="__codelineno-1-2" href="#__codelineno-1-2"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-3" name="__codelineno-1-3" href="#__codelineno-1-3"></a><span class="c1">// 内容注释，用于详解代码</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-4" name="__codelineno-1-4" href="#__codelineno-1-4"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-5" name="__codelineno-1-5" href="#__codelineno-1-5"></a><span class="cm">/**</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-6" name="__codelineno-1-6" href="#__codelineno-1-6"></a><span class="cm"> * 多行</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-7" name="__codelineno-1-7" href="#__codelineno-1-7"></a><span class="cm"> * 注释</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-1-8" name="__codelineno-1-8" href="#__codelineno-1-8"></a><span class="cm"> */</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a><span class="sd">""" 标题注释，用于标注函数、类、测试样例等 """</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-2" name="__codelineno-2-2" href="#__codelineno-2-2"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-3" name="__codelineno-2-3" href="#__codelineno-2-3"></a><span class="c1"># 内容注释，用于详解代码</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-4" name="__codelineno-2-4" href="#__codelineno-2-4"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-5" name="__codelineno-2-5" href="#__codelineno-2-5"></a><span class="sd">"""</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-6" name="__codelineno-2-6" href="#__codelineno-2-6"></a><span class="sd">多行</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-7" name="__codelineno-2-7" href="#__codelineno-2-7"></a><span class="sd">注释</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-2-8" name="__codelineno-2-8" href="#__codelineno-2-8"></a><span class="sd">"""</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1" href="#__codelineno-3-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 标题注释，用于标注函数、类、测试样例等 */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-2" name="__codelineno-3-2" href="#__codelineno-3-2"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-3" name="__codelineno-3-3" href="#__codelineno-3-3"></a><span class="c1">// 内容注释，用于详解代码</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-4" name="__codelineno-3-4" href="#__codelineno-3-4"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-5" name="__codelineno-3-5" href="#__codelineno-3-5"></a><span class="cm">/**</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-6" name="__codelineno-3-6" href="#__codelineno-3-6"></a><span class="cm"> * 多行</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-7" name="__codelineno-3-7" href="#__codelineno-3-7"></a><span class="cm"> * 注释</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-3-8" name="__codelineno-3-8" href="#__codelineno-3-8"></a><span class="cm"> */</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-4-1" name="__codelineno-4-1" href="#__codelineno-4-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 标题注释，用于标注函数、类、测试样例等 */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-2" name="__codelineno-4-2" href="#__codelineno-4-2"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-3" name="__codelineno-4-3" href="#__codelineno-4-3"></a><span class="c1">// 内容注释，用于详解代码</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-4" name="__codelineno-4-4" href="#__codelineno-4-4"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-5" name="__codelineno-4-5" href="#__codelineno-4-5"></a><span class="cm">/**</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-6" name="__codelineno-4-6" href="#__codelineno-4-6"></a><span class="cm"> * 多行</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-7" name="__codelineno-4-7" href="#__codelineno-4-7"></a><span class="cm"> * 注释</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-4-8" name="__codelineno-4-8" href="#__codelineno-4-8"></a><span class="cm"> */</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1" href="#__codelineno-5-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 标题注释，用于标注函数、类、测试样例等 */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-2" name="__codelineno-5-2" href="#__codelineno-5-2"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-3" name="__codelineno-5-3" href="#__codelineno-5-3"></a><span class="c1">// 内容注释，用于详解代码</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-4" name="__codelineno-5-4" href="#__codelineno-5-4"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-5" name="__codelineno-5-5" href="#__codelineno-5-5"></a><span class="cm">/**</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-6" name="__codelineno-5-6" href="#__codelineno-5-6"></a><span class="cm"> * 多行</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-7" name="__codelineno-5-7" href="#__codelineno-5-7"></a><span class="cm"> * 注释</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-5-8" name="__codelineno-5-8" href="#__codelineno-5-8"></a><span class="cm"> */</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-6-1" name="__codelineno-6-1" href="#__codelineno-6-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 标题注释，用于标注函数、类、测试样例等 */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-2" name="__codelineno-6-2" href="#__codelineno-6-2"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-3" name="__codelineno-6-3" href="#__codelineno-6-3"></a><span class="c1">// 内容注释，用于详解代码</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-4" name="__codelineno-6-4" href="#__codelineno-6-4"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-5" name="__codelineno-6-5" href="#__codelineno-6-5"></a><span class="cm">/**</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-6" name="__codelineno-6-6" href="#__codelineno-6-6"></a><span class="cm"> * 多行</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-7" name="__codelineno-6-7" href="#__codelineno-6-7"></a><span class="cm"> * 注释</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-6-8" name="__codelineno-6-8" href="#__codelineno-6-8"></a><span class="cm"> */</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-7-1" name="__codelineno-7-1" href="#__codelineno-7-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 标题注释，用于标注函数、类、测试样例等 */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-2" name="__codelineno-7-2" href="#__codelineno-7-2"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-3" name="__codelineno-7-3" href="#__codelineno-7-3"></a><span class="c1">// 内容注释，用于详解代码</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-4" name="__codelineno-7-4" href="#__codelineno-7-4"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-5" name="__codelineno-7-5" href="#__codelineno-7-5"></a><span class="cm">/**</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-6" name="__codelineno-7-6" href="#__codelineno-7-6"></a><span class="cm"> * 多行</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-7" name="__codelineno-7-7" href="#__codelineno-7-7"></a><span class="cm"> * 注释</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-7-8" name="__codelineno-7-8" href="#__codelineno-7-8"></a><span class="cm"> */</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-8-1" name="__codelineno-8-1" href="#__codelineno-8-1"></a><span class="cm">/* 标题注释，用于标注函数、类、测试样例等 */</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-2" name="__codelineno-8-2" href="#__codelineno-8-2"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-3" name="__codelineno-8-3" href="#__codelineno-8-3"></a><span class="c1">// 内容注释，用于详解代码</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-4" name="__codelineno-8-4" href="#__codelineno-8-4"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-5" name="__codelineno-8-5" href="#__codelineno-8-5"></a><span class="cm">/**</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-6" name="__codelineno-8-6" href="#__codelineno-8-6"></a><span class="cm"> * 多行</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-7" name="__codelineno-8-7" href="#__codelineno-8-7"></a><span class="cm"> * 注释</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-8-8" name="__codelineno-8-8" href="#__codelineno-8-8"></a><span class="cm"> */</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-9-1" name="__codelineno-9-1" href="#__codelineno-9-1"></a><span class="c1">// 标题注释，用于标注函数、类、测试样例等</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-2" name="__codelineno-9-2" href="#__codelineno-9-2"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-3" name="__codelineno-9-3" href="#__codelineno-9-3"></a><span class="c1">// 内容注释，用于详解代码</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-4" name="__codelineno-9-4" href="#__codelineno-9-4"></a>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-5" name="__codelineno-9-5" href="#__codelineno-9-5"></a><span class="c1">// 多行</span>
|
||
<a id="__codelineno-9-6" name="__codelineno-9-6" href="#__codelineno-9-6"></a><span class="c1">// 注释</span>
|
||
</code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<h2 id="015">0.1.5. 本书特点 *<a class="headerlink" href="#015" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<details class="abstract">
|
||
<summary>默认折叠，可以跳过</summary>
|
||
<p><strong>以实践为主</strong>。我们知道，学习英语期间光啃书本是远远不够的，需要多听、多说、多写，在实践中培养语感、积累经验。编程语言也是一门语言，因此学习方法也应是类似的，需要多看优秀代码、多敲键盘、多思考代码逻辑。</p>
|
||
<p>本书的理论部分占少量篇幅，主要分为两类：一是基础且必要的概念知识，以培养读者对于算法的感性认识；二是重要的分类、对比或总结，这是为了帮助你站在更高视角俯瞰各个知识点，形成连点成面的效果。</p>
|
||
<p>实践部分主要由示例和代码组成。代码配有简要注释，复杂示例会尽可能地使用视觉化的形式呈现。我强烈建议读者对照着代码自己敲一遍，如果时间有限，也至少逐行读、复制并运行一遍，配合着讲解将代码吃透。</p>
|
||
<p><strong>视觉化学习</strong>。信息时代以来，视觉化的脚步从未停止。媒体形式经历了文字短信、图文 Email 、动图、短（长）视频、交互式 Web 、3D 游戏等演变过程，信息的视觉化程度越来越高、愈加符合人类感官、信息传播效率大大提升。科技界也在向视觉化迈进，iPhone 就是一个典型例子，其相对于传统手机是高度视觉化的，包含精心设计的字体、主题配色、交互动画等。</p>
|
||
<p>近两年，短视频成为最受欢迎的信息媒介，可以在短时间内将高密度的信息“灌”给我们，有着极其舒适的观看体验。阅读则不然，读者与书本之间天然存在一种“疏离感”，我们看书会累、会走神、会停下来想其他事、会划下喜欢的句子、会思考某一片段的含义，这种疏离感给了读者与书本之间对话的可能，拓宽了想象空间。</p>
|
||
<p>本书作为一本入门教材，希望可以保有书本的“慢节奏”，但也会避免与读者产生过多“疏离感”，而是努力将知识完整清晰地推送到你聪明的小脑袋瓜中。我将采用视觉化的方式（例如配图、动画），尽我可能清晰易懂地讲解复杂概念和抽象示例。</p>
|
||
<p><strong>内容精简化</strong>。大多数的经典教科书，会把每个主题都讲的很透彻。虽然透彻性正是其获得读者青睐的原因，但对于想要快速入门的初学者来说，这些教材的实用性不足。本书会避免引入非必要的概念、名词、定义等，也避免展开不必要的理论分析，毕竟这不是一本真正意义上的教材，主要任务是尽快地带领读者入门。</p>
|
||
<p>引入一些生活案例或趣味内容，非常适合作为知识点的引子或者解释的补充，但当融入过多额外元素时，内容会稍显冗长，也许反而使读者容易迷失、抓不住重点，这也是本书需要避免的。</p>
|
||
<p>敲代码如同写字，“美”是统一的追求。本书力求美观的代码，保证规范的变量命名、统一的空格与换行、对齐的缩进、整齐的注释等。</p>
|
||
</details>
|
||
<h2 id="016">0.1.6. 致谢<a class="headerlink" href="#016" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>本书的成书过程中，我获得了许多人的帮助，包括但不限于：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>感谢我的女朋友泡泡担任本书的首位读者，从算法小白的视角为本书的写作提出了许多建议，使这本书更加适合算法初学者来阅读。</li>
|
||
<li>感谢腾宝、琦宝、飞宝为本书起了个响当当的名字，好听又有梗，直接唤起我最初敲下第一行代码 "Hello, World!" 的回忆。</li>
|
||
<li>感谢我的导师李博，在小酌畅谈时您告诉我“觉得应该做就去做”，坚定了我写这本书的决心。</li>
|
||
<li>感谢苏潼为本书设计了封面和 LOGO ，我有些强迫症，前后多次修改，谢谢你的耐心。</li>
|
||
<li>感谢 @squidfunk 给出的写作排版建议，以及优秀开源项目 <a href="https://github.com/squidfunk/mkdocs-material/tree/master">Material-for-MkDocs</a> 。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>本书鼓励“手脑并用”的学习方式，在这点上受到了《动手学深度学习》很大影响，也在此向各位同学强烈推荐这本著作，包括<a href="https://github.com/d2l-ai/d2l-zh">中文版</a>、<a href="https://github.com/d2l-ai/d2l-en">英文版</a>、<a href="https://space.bilibili.com/1567748478">李沐老师 bilibili 主页</a>。</p>
|
||
<p>在写作过程中，我阅读了许多与数据结构与算法的书籍与教材，这些著作为本书作出了很好的榜样，保证了本书内容的正确性与质量，感谢前辈们的精彩创作！</p>
|
||
<p>感谢父母，你们一贯的支持与鼓励给了我自由度来做这些有趣的事。</p>
|
||
<h2 id="017">0.1.7. 作者简介<a class="headerlink" href="#017" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p><img alt="profile" class="center" src="../about_the_book.assets/profile.png" /></p>
|
||
<h2 align="center"> Krahets </h2>
|
||
|
||
<h5 align="center"> 大厂高级算法工程师、算法爱好者 </h5>
|
||
|
||
<p align="center"> 力扣（LeetCode）全网阅读量最高博主 </p>
|
||
<p align="center"> 分享近百道算法题解，累积回复数千读者的问题 </p>
|
||
<p align="center"> 发表的 LeetBook《图解算法数据结构》已订阅 22 万本 </p>
|
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