hello-algo/codes/java/chapter_heap/my_heap.java

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/**
* File: my_heap.java
* Created Time: 2023-01-07
* Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
*/
package chapter_heap;
import include.*;
import java.util.*;
class MaxHeap {
// 使用列表而非数组,这样无需考虑扩容问题
private List<Integer> maxHeap;
/* 构造函数,建立空堆 */
public MaxHeap() {
maxHeap = new ArrayList<>();
}
/* 构造函数,根据输入列表建堆 */
public MaxHeap(List<Integer> nums) {
// 所有元素入堆
maxHeap = new ArrayList<>(nums);
// 堆化除叶结点以外的其他所有结点
for (int i = parent(size() - 1); i >= 0; i--) {
siftDown(i);
}
}
/* 获取左子结点索引 */
private int left(int i) {
return 2 * i + 1;
}
/* 获取右子结点索引 */
private int right(int i) {
return 2 * i + 2;
}
/* 获取父结点索引 */
private int parent(int i) {
return (i - 1) / 2; // 向下整除
}
/* 交换元素 */
private void swap(int i, int j) {
int a = maxHeap.get(i),
b = maxHeap.get(j),
tmp = a;
maxHeap.set(i, b);
maxHeap.set(j, tmp);
}
/* 获取堆大小 */
public int size() {
return maxHeap.size();
}
/* 判断堆是否为空 */
public boolean isEmpty() {
return size() == 0;
}
/* 访问堆顶元素 */
public int peek() {
return maxHeap.get(0);
}
/* 元素入堆 */
public void push(int val) {
// 添加结点
maxHeap.add(val);
// 从底至顶堆化
siftUp(size() - 1);
}
/* 从结点 i 开始,从底至顶堆化 */
private void siftUp(int i) {
while (true) {
// 获取结点 i 的父结点
int p = parent(i);
// 当“越过根结点”或“结点无需修复”时,结束堆化
if (p < 0 || maxHeap.get(i) <= maxHeap.get(p))
break;
// 交换两结点
swap(i, p);
// 循环向上堆化
i = p;
}
}
/* 元素出堆 */
public int poll() {
// 判空处理
if (isEmpty())
throw new EmptyStackException();
// 交换根结点与最右叶结点(即交换首元素与尾元素)
swap(0, size() - 1);
// 删除结点
int val = maxHeap.remove(size() - 1);
// 从顶至底堆化
siftDown(0);
// 返回堆顶元素
return val;
}
/* 从结点 i 开始,从顶至底堆化 */
private void siftDown(int i) {
while (true) {
// 判断结点 i, l, r 中值最大的结点,记为 ma
int l = left(i), r = right(i), ma = i;
if (l < size() && maxHeap.get(l) > maxHeap.get(ma))
ma = l;
if (r < size() && maxHeap.get(r) > maxHeap.get(ma))
ma = r;
// 若结点 i 最大或索引 l, r 越界,则无需继续堆化,跳出
if (ma == i) break;
// 交换两结点
swap(i, ma);
// 循环向下堆化
i = ma;
}
}
/* 打印堆(二叉树) */
public void print() {
Queue<Integer> queue = new PriorityQueue<>((a, b) -> { return b - a; });
queue.addAll(maxHeap);
PrintUtil.printHeap(queue);
}
}
public class my_heap {
public static void testPush(MaxHeap maxHeap, int val) {
maxHeap.push(val); // 元素入堆
System.out.format("\n添加元素 %d 后\n", val);
maxHeap.print();
}
public static void testPoll(MaxHeap maxHeap) {
int val = maxHeap.poll(); // 堆顶元素出堆
System.out.format("\n出堆元素为 %d\n", val);
maxHeap.print();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
/* 初始化堆 */
// 初始化大顶堆
MaxHeap maxHeap = new MaxHeap();
System.out.println("\n以下测试样例为大顶堆");
/* 元素入堆 */
testPush(maxHeap, 1);
testPush(maxHeap, 3);
testPush(maxHeap, 2);
testPush(maxHeap, 5);
testPush(maxHeap, 4);
/* 获取堆顶元素 */
int peek = maxHeap.peek();
System.out.format("\n堆顶元素为 %d\n", peek);
/* 堆顶元素出堆 */
testPoll(maxHeap);
testPoll(maxHeap);
/* 获取堆大小 */
int size = maxHeap.size();
System.out.format("\n堆元素数量为 %d\n", size);
/* 判断堆是否为空 */
boolean isEmpty = maxHeap.isEmpty();
System.out.format("\n堆是否为空 %b\n", isEmpty);
/* 将输入列表堆化 */
maxHeap = new MaxHeap(Arrays.asList(1, 3, 2, 5, 4));
System.out.println("\n输入 [1, 3, 2, 5, 4] ,建立大顶堆");
maxHeap.print();
}
}