hello-algo/codes/csharp/chapter_backtracking/n_queens.cs

76 lines
2.8 KiB
C#
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

/**
* File: n_queens.cs
* Created Time: 2023-05-04
* Author: hpstory (hpstory1024@163.com)
*/
namespace hello_algo.chapter_backtracking;
public class n_queens {
/* 回溯算法N 皇后 */
static void backtrack(int row, int n, List<List<string>> state, List<List<List<string>>> res,
bool[] cols, bool[] diags1, bool[] diags2) {
// 当放置完所有行时,记录解
if (row == n) {
List<List<string>> copyState = new List<List<string>>();
foreach (List<string> sRow in state) {
copyState.Add(new List<string>(sRow));
}
res.Add(copyState);
return;
}
// 遍历所有列
for (int col = 0; col < n; col++) {
// 计算该格子对应的主对角线和副对角线
int diag1 = row - col + n - 1;
int diag2 = row + col;
// 剪枝:不允许该格子所在 (列 或 主对角线 或 副对角线) 包含皇后
if (!(cols[col] || diags1[diag1] || diags2[diag2])) {
// 尝试:将皇后放置在该格子
state[row][col] = "Q";
cols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = true;
// 放置下一行
backtrack(row + 1, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);
// 回退:将该格子恢复为空位
state[row][col] = "#";
cols[col] = diags1[diag1] = diags2[diag2] = false;
}
}
}
/* 求解 N 皇后 */
static List<List<List<string>>> nQueens(int n) {
// 初始化 n*n 大小的棋盘,其中 'Q' 代表皇后,'#' 代表空位
List<List<string>> state = new List<List<string>>();
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
List<string> row = new List<string>();
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
row.Add("#");
}
state.Add(row);
}
bool[] cols = new bool[n]; // 记录列是否有皇后
bool[] diags1 = new bool[2 * n - 1]; // 记录主对角线是否有皇后
bool[] diags2 = new bool[2 * n - 1]; // 记录副对角线是否有皇后
List<List<List<string>>> res = new List<List<List<string>>>();
backtrack(0, n, state, res, cols, diags1, diags2);
return res;
}
[Test]
public void Test() {
int n = 4;
List<List<List<string>>> res = nQueens(n);
Console.WriteLine("输入棋盘长宽为 " + n);
Console.WriteLine("皇后放置方案共有 " + res.Count + " 种");
foreach (List<List<string>> state in res) {
Console.WriteLine("--------------------");
foreach (List<string> row in state) {
PrintUtil.PrintList(row);
}
}
}
}