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<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M10 20H6V4h7v5h5v3.1l2-2V8l-6-6H6c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v16c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h4v-2m10.2-7c.1 0 .3.1.4.2l1.3 1.3c.2.2.2.6 0 .8l-1 1-2.1-2.1 1-1c.1-.1.2-.2.4-.2m0 3.9L14.1 23H12v-2.1l6.1-6.1 2.1 2.1Z"/></svg>
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<h1 id="54">5.4. &nbsp; 小结<a class="headerlink" href="#54" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
<ul>
<li>栈是一种遵循先入后出原则的数据结构，可通过数组或链表来实现。</li>
<li>从时间效率角度看，栈的数组实现具有较高的平均效率，但在扩容过程中，单次入栈操作的时间复杂度会降低至 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(n)\)</span> 。相比之下，基于链表实现的栈具有更为稳定的效率表现。</li>
<li>在空间效率方面，栈的数组实现可能导致一定程度的空间浪费。但需要注意的是，链表节点所占用的内存空间比数组元素更大。</li>
<li>队列是一种遵循先入先出原则的数据结构，同样可以通过数组或链表来实现。在时间效率和空间效率的对比上，队列的结论与前述栈的结论相似。</li>
<li>双向队列是一种具有更高自由度的队列，它允许在两端进行元素的添加和删除操作。</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="541-q-a">5.4.1. &nbsp; Q &amp; A<a class="headerlink" href="#541-q-a" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<div class="admonition question">
<p class="admonition-title">浏览器的前进后退是否是双向链表实现？</p>
<p>浏览器的前进后退功能本质上是“栈”的体现。当用户访问一个新页面时，该页面会被添加到栈顶；当用户点击后退按钮时，该页面会从栈顶弹出。使用双向队列可以方便实现一些额外操作，这个在双向队列章节有提到。</p>
</div>
<div class="admonition question">
<p class="admonition-title">在出栈后，是否需要释放出栈节点的内存？</p>
<p>如果后续仍需要使用弹出节点，则不需要释放内存。若之后不需要用到，<code>Java</code> 和 <code>Python</code> 等语言拥有自动垃圾回收机制，因此不需要手动释放内存；在 <code>C</code> 和 <code>C++</code> 中需要手动释放内存。</p>
</div>
<div class="admonition question">
<p class="admonition-title">双向队列像是两个栈拼接在了一起，它的用途是什么？</p>
<p>双向队列就像是栈和队列的组合，或者是两个栈拼在了一起。它表现的是栈 + 队列的逻辑，因此可以实现栈与队列的所有应用，并且更加灵活。</p>
</div>
<h2 id="__comments">评论</h2>
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