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0.1. 关于本书
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_preface/suggestions/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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0.2. 如何使用本书
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
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|
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|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_preface/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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0.3. 小结
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
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|
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|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
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</li>
|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_2" >
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|
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|
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|
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2" id="__nav_2_label" tabindex="0">
|
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1. 引言
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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1. 引言
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_introduction/algorithms_are_everywhere/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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1.1. 算法无处不在
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_introduction/what_is_dsa/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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1.2. 算法是什么
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_introduction/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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1.3. 小结
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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</ul>
|
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</nav>
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_3" >
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|
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|
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|
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_3" id="__nav_3_label" tabindex="0">
|
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2. 复杂度分析
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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|
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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2. 复杂度分析
|
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</label>
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_computational_complexity/performance_evaluation/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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2.1. 算法效率评估
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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2.2. 时间复杂度
|
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</a>
|
||
</li>
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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2.3. 空间复杂度
|
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</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_computational_complexity/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
2.4. 小结
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_4" checked>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_4" id="__nav_4_label" tabindex="0">
|
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3. 数据结构与类型
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
|
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|
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_4_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_4">
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
3. 数据结构与类型
|
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</label>
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle" type="checkbox" id="__toc">
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<label class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active" for="__toc">
|
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3.1. 数据结构分类
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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</label>
|
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|
||
<a href="./" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
|
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3.1. 数据结构分类
|
||
</a>
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="目录">
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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目录
|
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</label>
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="#311" class="md-nav__link">
|
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3.1.1. 逻辑结构：线性与非线性
|
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</a>
|
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|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#312" class="md-nav__link">
|
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3.1.2. 物理结构：连续与离散
|
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</a>
|
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|
||
</li>
|
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|
||
</ul>
|
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|
||
</nav>
|
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|
||
</li>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../basic_data_types/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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3.2. 基本数据类型
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../number_encoding/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
3.3. 数字编码 *
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../character_encoding/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
3.4. 字符编码 *
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
3.5. 小结
|
||
</a>
|
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</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_5" >
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_5" id="__nav_5_label" tabindex="0">
|
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4. 数组与链表
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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</label>
|
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|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_5">
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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4. 数组与链表
|
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</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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4.1. 数组
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
4.2. 链表
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
4.3. 列表
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
4.4. 小结
|
||
</a>
|
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</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_6" >
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_6" id="__nav_6_label" tabindex="0">
|
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5. 栈与队列
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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</label>
|
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|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_6_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_6">
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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5. 栈与队列
|
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</label>
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_stack_and_queue/stack/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
5.1. 栈
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_stack_and_queue/queue/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
5.2. 队列
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_stack_and_queue/deque/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
5.3. 双向队列
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_stack_and_queue/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
5.4. 小结
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
||
|
||
|
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|
||
|
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</ul>
|
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</nav>
|
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</li>
|
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|
||
|
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|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
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|
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_7" >
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_7" id="__nav_7_label" tabindex="0">
|
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6. 二分查找
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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</label>
|
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|
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_7_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_7">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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6. 二分查找
|
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</label>
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_binary_search/binary_search/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
6.1. 二分查找
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_binary_search/binary_search_edge/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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6.2. 二分查找边界
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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</ul>
|
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</nav>
|
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</li>
|
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|
||
|
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|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_8" >
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
|
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_8" id="__nav_8_label" tabindex="0">
|
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7. 散列表
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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|
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_8_label" aria-expanded="false">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_8">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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7. 散列表
|
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</label>
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_map/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
7.1. 哈希表
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_collision/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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7.2. 哈希冲突处理
|
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</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../../chapter_hashing/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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7.3. 小结
|
||
</a>
|
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</li>
|
||
|
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|
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|
||
|
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</ul>
|
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</nav>
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</li>
|
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|
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|
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|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_9" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_9" id="__nav_9_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
8. 树
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_9_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_9">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
8. 树
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_tree/binary_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
8.1. 二叉树
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_tree/binary_tree_traversal/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
8.2. 二叉树遍历
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_tree/array_representation_of_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
8.3. 二叉树数组表示
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_tree/binary_search_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
8.4. 二叉搜索树
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_tree/avl_tree/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
8.5. AVL 树 *
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_tree/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
8.6. 小结
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_10" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_10" id="__nav_10_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
9. 堆
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_10_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_10">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
9. 堆
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_heap/heap/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
9.1. 堆
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_heap/build_heap/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
9.2. 建堆操作 *
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_heap/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
9.3. 小结
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_11" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_11" id="__nav_11_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
10. 图
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_11_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_11">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
10. 图
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_graph/graph/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
10.1. 图
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_graph/graph_operations/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
10.2. 图基础操作
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_graph/graph_traversal/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
10.3. 图的遍历
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_graph/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
10.4. 小结
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_12" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_12" id="__nav_12_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
11. 排序算法
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_12_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_12">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
11. 排序算法
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/sorting_algorithm/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
11.1. 排序算法
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/bubble_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
11.2. 冒泡排序
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/insertion_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
11.3. 插入排序
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/quick_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
11.4. 快速排序
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/merge_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
11.5. 归并排序
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/bucket_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
11.6. 桶排序
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/counting_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
11.7. 计数排序
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/radix_sort/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
11.8. 基数排序
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_sorting/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
11.9. 小结
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_13" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_13" id="__nav_13_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
12. 搜索算法
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_13_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_13">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
12. 搜索算法
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_searching/searching_algorithm_revisited/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
12.1. 搜索算法（New）
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_searching/replace_linear_by_hashing/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
12.2. 哈希优化策略
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_searching/summary/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
12.3. 小结
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_14" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_14" id="__nav_14_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
13. 回溯算法
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_14_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_14">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
13. 回溯算法
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_backtracking/backtracking_algorithm/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
13.1. 回溯算法（New）
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_backtracking/permutations_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
13.2. 全排列问题（New）
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_backtracking/n_queens_problem/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
13.3. N 皇后问题（New）
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_15" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_15" id="__nav_15_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
14. 附录
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_15_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_15">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
14. 附录
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_appendix/installation/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
14.1. 编程环境安装
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_appendix/contribution/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
14.2. 一起参与创作
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_16" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<div class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--index ">
|
||
<a href="../../chapter_reference/">参考文献</a>
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3.1.1. 逻辑结构：线性与非线性
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3.1.2. 物理结构：连续与离散
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<h1 id="31">3.1. 数据结构分类<a class="headerlink" href="#31" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h1>
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<p>数据结构可以从逻辑结构和物理结构两个维度进行分类。</p>
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<h2 id="311">3.1.1. 逻辑结构：线性与非线性<a class="headerlink" href="#311" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
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<p><strong>「逻辑结构」揭示了数据元素之间的逻辑关系</strong>。在数组和链表中，数据按照顺序依次排列，体现了数据之间的线性关系；而在树中，数据从顶部向下按层次排列，表现出祖先与后代之间的派生关系；图则由节点和边构成，反映了复杂的网络关系。</p>
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<p>逻辑结构通常分为「线性」和「非线性」两类。线性结构比较直观，指数据在逻辑关系上呈线性排列；非线性结构则相反，呈非线性排列，例如网状或树状结构。</p>
|
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<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>线性数据结构</strong>：数组、链表、栈、队列、哈希表；</li>
|
||
<li><strong>非线性数据结构</strong>：树、图、堆、哈希表；</li>
|
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</ul>
|
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<p><img alt="线性与非线性数据结构" src="../classification_of_data_structure.assets/classification_logic_structure.png" /></p>
|
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<p align="center"> Fig. 线性与非线性数据结构 </p>
|
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<h2 id="312">3.1.2. 物理结构：连续与离散<a class="headerlink" href="#312" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>在计算机中，内存和硬盘是两种主要的存储硬件设备。「硬盘」主要用于长期存储数据，容量较大（通常可达到 TB 级别）、速度较慢。「内存」用于运行程序时暂存数据，速度较快，但容量较小（通常为 GB 级别）。</p>
|
||
<p><strong>在算法运行过程中，相关数据都存储在内存中</strong>。下图展示了一个计算机内存条，其中每个黑色方块都包含一块内存空间。我们可以将内存想象成一个巨大的 Excel 表格，其中每个单元格都可以存储 1 byte 的数据，在算法运行时，所有数据都被存储在这些单元格中。</p>
|
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<p><strong>系统通过「内存地址 Memory Location」来访问目标内存位置的数据</strong>。计算机根据特定规则为表格中的每个单元格分配编号，确保每个内存空间都有唯一的内存地址。有了这些地址，程序便可以访问内存中的数据。</p>
|
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<p><img alt="内存条、内存空间、内存地址" src="../classification_of_data_structure.assets/computer_memory_location.png" /></p>
|
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<p align="center"> Fig. 内存条、内存空间、内存地址 </p>
|
||
|
||
<p>内存是所有程序的共享资源，当内存被某个程序占用时，其他程序无法同时使用。<strong>因此，在数据结构与算法的设计中，内存资源是一个重要的考虑因素</strong>。例如，算法所占用的内存峰值不应超过系统剩余空闲内存；如果运行的程序很多并且缺少大量连续的内存空间，那么所选用的数据结构必须能够存储在离散的内存空间内。</p>
|
||
<p><strong>「物理结构」反映了数据在计算机内存中的存储方式</strong>，可分为数组的连续空间存储和链表的离散空间存储。物理结构从底层决定了数据的访问、更新、增删等操作方法，同时在时间效率和空间效率方面呈现出互补的特点。</p>
|
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<p><img alt="连续空间存储与离散空间存储" src="../classification_of_data_structure.assets/classification_phisical_structure.png" /></p>
|
||
<p align="center"> Fig. 连续空间存储与离散空间存储 </p>
|
||
|
||
<p><strong>所有数据结构都是基于数组、链表或二者的组合实现的</strong>。例如，栈和队列既可以使用数组实现，也可以使用链表实现；而哈希表的实现可能同时包含数组和链表。</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>基于数组可实现</strong>：栈、队列、哈希表、树、堆、图、矩阵、张量（维度 <span class="arithmatex">\(\geq 3\)</span> 的数组）等；</li>
|
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<li><strong>基于链表可实现</strong>：栈、队列、哈希表、树、堆、图等；</li>
|
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</ul>
|
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<p>基于数组实现的数据结构也被称为「静态数据结构」，这意味着此类数据结构在初始化后长度不可变。相对应地，基于链表实现的数据结构被称为「动态数据结构」，这类数据结构在初始化后，仍可以在程序运行过程中对其长度进行调整。</p>
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<p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>
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<p>如若感觉理解物理结构有困难，建议先阅读下一章“数组与链表”，然后再回头理解物理结构的含义。数组与链表是其他所有数据结构的基石，建议你投入更多时间深入了解这两种基本数据结构。</p>
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