mirror of
https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo.git
synced 2024-12-26 11:16:28 +08:00
99 lines
2.6 KiB
Python
99 lines
2.6 KiB
Python
"""
|
||
File: array.py
|
||
Created Time: 2022-11-25
|
||
Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
|
||
"""
|
||
|
||
import random
|
||
|
||
|
||
def random_access(nums: list[int]) -> int:
|
||
"""随机访问元素"""
|
||
# 在区间 [0, len(nums)-1] 中随机抽取一个数字
|
||
random_index = random.randint(0, len(nums) - 1)
|
||
# 获取并返回随机元素
|
||
random_num = nums[random_index]
|
||
return random_num
|
||
|
||
|
||
# 请注意,Python 的 list 是动态数组,可以直接扩展
|
||
# 为了方便学习,本函数将 list 看作是长度不可变的数组
|
||
def extend(nums: list[int], enlarge: int) -> list[int]:
|
||
"""扩展数组长度"""
|
||
# 初始化一个扩展长度后的数组
|
||
res = [0] * (len(nums) + enlarge)
|
||
# 将原数组中的所有元素复制到新数组
|
||
for i in range(len(nums)):
|
||
res[i] = nums[i]
|
||
# 返回扩展后的新数组
|
||
return res
|
||
|
||
|
||
def insert(nums: list[int], num: int, index: int):
|
||
"""在数组的索引 index 处插入元素 num"""
|
||
# 把索引 index 以及之后的所有元素向后移动一位
|
||
for i in range(len(nums) - 1, index, -1):
|
||
nums[i] = nums[i - 1]
|
||
# 将 num 赋给 index 处元素
|
||
nums[index] = num
|
||
|
||
|
||
def remove(nums: list[int], index: int):
|
||
"""删除索引 index 处元素"""
|
||
# 把索引 index 之后的所有元素向前移动一位
|
||
for i in range(index, len(nums) - 1):
|
||
nums[i] = nums[i + 1]
|
||
|
||
|
||
def traverse(nums: list[int]):
|
||
"""遍历数组"""
|
||
count = 0
|
||
# 通过索引遍历数组
|
||
for i in range(len(nums)):
|
||
count += 1
|
||
# 直接遍历数组
|
||
for num in nums:
|
||
count += 1
|
||
# 同时遍历数据索引和元素
|
||
for i, num in enumerate(nums):
|
||
count += 1
|
||
|
||
|
||
def find(nums: list[int], target: int) -> int:
|
||
"""在数组中查找指定元素"""
|
||
for i in range(len(nums)):
|
||
if nums[i] == target:
|
||
return i
|
||
return -1
|
||
|
||
|
||
"""Driver Code"""
|
||
if __name__ == "__main__":
|
||
# 初始化数组
|
||
arr = [0] * 5
|
||
print("数组 arr =", arr)
|
||
nums = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4]
|
||
print("数组 nums =", nums)
|
||
|
||
# 随机访问
|
||
random_num: int = random_access(nums)
|
||
print("在 nums 中获取随机元素", random_num)
|
||
|
||
# 长度扩展
|
||
nums: list[int] = extend(nums, 3)
|
||
print("将数组长度扩展至 8 ,得到 nums =", nums)
|
||
|
||
# 插入元素
|
||
insert(nums, 6, 3)
|
||
print("在索引 3 处插入数字 6 ,得到 nums =", nums)
|
||
|
||
# 删除元素
|
||
remove(nums, 2)
|
||
print("删除索引 2 处的元素,得到 nums =", nums)
|
||
|
||
# 遍历数组
|
||
traverse(nums)
|
||
|
||
# 查找元素
|
||
index: int = find(nums, 3)
|
||
print("在 nums 中查找元素 3 ,得到索引 =", index)
|