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第 8 章 &nbsp; 堆
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第 8 章 &nbsp; 堆
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8.1 &nbsp; 堆
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8.2 &nbsp; 建堆操作
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8.3 &nbsp; Top-k 问题
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第 9 章 &nbsp; 图
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第 9 章 &nbsp; 图
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9.1 &nbsp; 图
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9.2 &nbsp; 图基础操作
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9.3 &nbsp; 图的遍历
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第 10 章 &nbsp; 搜索
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第 10 章 &nbsp; 搜索
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10.1 &nbsp; 二分查找
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10.2 &nbsp; 二分查找插入点
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10.3 &nbsp; 二分查找边界
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10.4 &nbsp; 哈希优化策略
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10.5 &nbsp; 重识搜索算法
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10.6 &nbsp; 小结
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第 11 章 &nbsp; 排序
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11.1 &nbsp; 排序算法
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11.2 &nbsp; 选择排序
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11.3 &nbsp; 冒泡排序
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11.4 &nbsp; 插入排序
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11.5 &nbsp; 快速排序
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11.6 &nbsp; 归并排序
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11.7 &nbsp; 堆排序
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11.8 &nbsp; 桶排序
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11.9 &nbsp; 计数排序
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11.10 &nbsp; 基数排序
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11.11 &nbsp; 小结
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第 12 章 &nbsp; 分治
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12.1 &nbsp; 分治算法
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12.2 &nbsp; 分治搜索策略
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12.3 &nbsp; 构建树问题
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12.4 &nbsp; 汉诺塔问题
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12.5 &nbsp; 小结
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第 13 章 &nbsp; 回溯
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13.1 &nbsp; 回溯算法
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13.2 &nbsp; 全排列问题
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13.3 &nbsp; 子集和问题
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13.4 &nbsp; N 皇后问题
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13.5 &nbsp; 小结
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第 14 章 &nbsp; 动态规划
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14.1 &nbsp; 初探动态规划
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14.2 &nbsp; DP 问题特性
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14.3 &nbsp; DP 解题思路
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14.4 &nbsp; 0-1 背包问题
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14.5 &nbsp; 完全背包问题
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14.6 &nbsp; 编辑距离问题
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<h1 id="163">16.3 &nbsp; 术语表<a class="headerlink" href="#163" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
<p>表 16-1 列出了书中出现的重要术语，值得注意以下几点。</p>
<ul>
<li>建议记住名词的英文叫法，以便阅读英文文献。</li>
<li>部分名词在简体中文和繁体中文下的叫法不同。</li>
</ul>
<p align="center"> 表 16-1 &nbsp; 数据结构与算法的重要名词 </p>
<div class="center-table">
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>English</th>
<th>简体中文</th>
<th>繁体中文</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>algorithm</td>
<td>算法</td>
<td>演算法</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>data structure</td>
<td>数据结构</td>
<td>資料結構</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>code</td>
<td>代码</td>
<td>程式碼</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>file</td>
<td>文件</td>
<td>檔案</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>function</td>
<td>函数</td>
<td>函式</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>method</td>
<td>方法</td>
<td>方法</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>variable</td>
<td>变量</td>
<td>變數</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>asymptotic complexity analysis</td>
<td>渐近复杂度分析</td>
<td>漸近複雜度分析</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>time complexity</td>
<td>时间复杂度</td>
<td>時間複雜度</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>space complexity</td>
<td>空间复杂度</td>
<td>空間複雜度</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>loop</td>
<td>循环</td>
<td>迴圈</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>iteration</td>
<td>迭代</td>
<td>迭代</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>recursion</td>
<td>递归</td>
<td>遞迴</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>tail recursion</td>
<td>尾递归</td>
<td>尾遞迴</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>recursion tree</td>
<td>递归树</td>
<td>遞迴樹</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>big-<span class="arithmatex">\(O\)</span> notation</td>
<td>大 <span class="arithmatex">\(O\)</span> 记号</td>
<td>大 <span class="arithmatex">\(O\)</span> 記號</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>asymptotic upper bound</td>
<td>渐近上界</td>
<td>漸近上界</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>sign-magnitude</td>
<td>原码</td>
<td>原碼</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1’s complement</td>
<td>反码</td>
<td>一補數</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2’s complement</td>
<td>补码</td>
<td>二補數</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>array</td>
<td>数组</td>
<td>陣列</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>index</td>
<td>索引</td>
<td>索引</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>linked list</td>
<td>链表</td>
<td>鏈結串列</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>linked list node, list node</td>
<td>链表节点</td>
<td>鏈結串列節點</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>head node</td>
<td>头节点</td>
<td>頭節點</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>tail node</td>
<td>尾节点</td>
<td>尾節點</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>list</td>
<td>列表</td>
<td>串列</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>dynamic array</td>
<td>动态数组</td>
<td>動態陣列</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>hard disk</td>
<td>硬盘</td>
<td>硬碟</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>random-access memory (RAM)</td>
<td>内存</td>
<td>記憶體</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>cache memory</td>
<td>缓存</td>
<td>快取</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>cache miss</td>
<td>缓存未命中</td>
<td>快取未命中</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>cache hit rate</td>
<td>缓存命中率</td>
<td>快取命中率</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>stack</td>
<td>栈</td>
<td>堆疊</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>top of the stack</td>
<td>栈顶</td>
<td>堆疊頂</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>bottom of the stack</td>
<td>栈底</td>
<td>堆疊底</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>queue</td>
<td>队列</td>
<td>佇列</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>double-ended queue</td>
<td>双向队列</td>
<td>雙向佇列</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>front of the queue</td>
<td>队首</td>
<td>佇列首</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rear of the queue</td>
<td>队尾</td>
<td>佇列尾</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>hash table</td>
<td>哈希表</td>
<td>雜湊表</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>hash set</td>
<td>哈希集合</td>
<td>雜湊集合</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>bucket</td>
<td>桶</td>
<td>桶</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>hash function</td>
<td>哈希函数</td>
<td>雜湊函式</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>hash collision</td>
<td>哈希冲突</td>
<td>雜湊衝突</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>load factor</td>
<td>负载因子</td>
<td>負載因子</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>separate chaining</td>
<td>链式地址</td>
<td>鏈結位址</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>open addressing</td>
<td>开放寻址</td>
<td>開放定址</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>linear probing</td>
<td>线性探测</td>
<td>線性探查</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>lazy deletion</td>
<td>懒删除</td>
<td>懶刪除</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>binary tree</td>
<td>二叉树</td>
<td>二元樹</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>tree node</td>
<td>树节点</td>
<td>樹節點</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>left-child node</td>
<td>左子节点</td>
<td>左子節點</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>right-child node</td>
<td>右子节点</td>
<td>右子節點</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>parent node</td>
<td>父节点</td>
<td>父節點</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>left subtree</td>
<td>左子树</td>
<td>左子樹</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>right subtree</td>
<td>右子树</td>
<td>右子樹</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>root node</td>
<td>根节点</td>
<td>根節點</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>leaf node</td>
<td>叶节点</td>
<td>葉節點</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>edge</td>
<td>边</td>
<td>邊</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>level</td>
<td>层</td>
<td>層</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>degree</td>
<td>度</td>
<td>度</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>height</td>
<td>高度</td>
<td>高度</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>depth</td>
<td>深度</td>
<td>深度</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>perfect binary tree</td>
<td>完美二叉树</td>
<td>完美二元樹</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>complete binary tree</td>
<td>完全二叉树</td>
<td>完全二元樹</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>full binary tree</td>
<td>完满二叉树</td>
<td>完滿二元樹</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>balanced binary tree</td>
<td>平衡二叉树</td>
<td>平衡二元樹</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>binary search tree</td>
<td>二叉搜索树</td>
<td>二元搜尋樹</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>AVL tree</td>
<td>AVL 树</td>
<td>AVL 樹</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>red-black tree</td>
<td>红黑树</td>
<td>紅黑樹</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>level-order traversal</td>
<td>层序遍历</td>
<td>層序走訪</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>breadth-first traversal</td>
<td>广度优先遍历</td>
<td>廣度優先走訪</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>depth-first traversal</td>
<td>深度优先遍历</td>
<td>深度優先走訪</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>binary search tree</td>
<td>二叉搜索树</td>
<td>二元搜尋樹</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>balanced binary search tree</td>
<td>平衡二叉搜索树</td>
<td>平衡二元搜尋樹</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>balance factor</td>
<td>平衡因子</td>
<td>平衡因子</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>heap</td>
<td>堆</td>
<td>堆積</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>max heap</td>
<td>大顶堆</td>
<td>大頂堆積</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>min heap</td>
<td>小顶堆</td>
<td>小頂堆積</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>priority queue</td>
<td>优先队列</td>
<td>優先佇列</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>heapify</td>
<td>堆化</td>
<td>堆積化</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>top-<span class="arithmatex">\(k\)</span> problem</td>
<td>Top-<span class="arithmatex">\(k\)</span> 问题</td>
<td>Top-<span class="arithmatex">\(k\)</span> 問題</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>graph</td>
<td>图</td>
<td>圖</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>vertex</td>
<td>顶点</td>
<td>頂點</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>undirected graph</td>
<td>无向图</td>
<td>無向圖</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>directed graph</td>
<td>有向图</td>
<td>有向圖</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>connected graph</td>
<td>连通图</td>
<td>連通圖</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>disconnected graph</td>
<td>非连通图</td>
<td>非連通圖</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>weighted graph</td>
<td>有权图</td>
<td>有權圖</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>adjacency</td>
<td>邻接</td>
<td>鄰接</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>path</td>
<td>路径</td>
<td>路徑</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>in-degree</td>
<td>入度</td>
<td>入度</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>out-degree</td>
<td>出度</td>
<td>出度</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>adjacency matrix</td>
<td>邻接矩阵</td>
<td>鄰接矩陣</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>adjacency list</td>
<td>邻接表</td>
<td>鄰接表</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>breadth-first search</td>
<td>广度优先搜索</td>
<td>廣度優先搜尋</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>depth-first search</td>
<td>深度优先搜索</td>
<td>深度優先搜尋</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>binary search</td>
<td>二分查找</td>
<td>二分搜尋</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>searching algorithm</td>
<td>搜索算法</td>
<td>搜尋演算法</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>sorting algorithm</td>
<td>排序算法</td>
<td>排序演算法</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>selection sort</td>
<td>选择排序</td>
<td>選擇排序</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>bubble sort</td>
<td>冒泡排序</td>
<td>泡沫排序</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>insertion sort</td>
<td>插入排序</td>
<td>插入排序</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>quick sort</td>
<td>快速排序</td>
<td>快速排序</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>merge sort</td>
<td>归并排序</td>
<td>合併排序</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>heap sort</td>
<td>堆排序</td>
<td>堆積排序</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>bucket sort</td>
<td>桶排序</td>
<td>桶排序</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>counting sort</td>
<td>计数排序</td>
<td>計數排序</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>radix sort</td>
<td>基数排序</td>
<td>基數排序</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>divide and conquer</td>
<td>分治</td>
<td>分治</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>hanota problem</td>
<td>汉诺塔问题</td>
<td>河內塔問題</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>backtracking algorithm</td>
<td>回溯算法</td>
<td>回溯演算法</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>constraint</td>
<td>约束</td>
<td>約束</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>solution</td>
<td>解</td>
<td>解</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>state</td>
<td>状态</td>
<td>狀態</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>pruning</td>
<td>剪枝</td>
<td>剪枝</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>permutations problem</td>
<td>全排列问题</td>
<td>全排列問題</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>subset-sum problem</td>
<td>子集和问题</td>
<td>子集合問題</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span>-queens problem</td>
<td><span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> 皇后问题</td>
<td><span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> 皇后問題</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>dynamic programming</td>
<td>动态规划</td>
<td>動態規劃</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>initial state</td>
<td>初始状态</td>
<td>初始狀態</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>state-transition equation</td>
<td>状态转移方程</td>
<td>狀態轉移方程</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>knapsack problem</td>
<td>背包问题</td>
<td>背包問題</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>edit distance problem</td>
<td>编辑距离问题</td>
<td>編輯距離問題</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>greedy algorithm</td>
<td>贪心算法</td>
<td>貪婪演算法</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
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