hello-algo/codes/csharp/chapter_dynamic_programming/edit_distance.cs
Yudong Jin e720aa2d24
feat: Revised the book (#978)
* Sync recent changes to the revised Word.

* Revised the preface chapter

* Revised the introduction chapter

* Revised the computation complexity chapter

* Revised the chapter data structure

* Revised the chapter array and linked list

* Revised the chapter stack and queue

* Revised the chapter hashing

* Revised the chapter tree

* Revised the chapter heap

* Revised the chapter graph

* Revised the chapter searching

* Reivised the sorting chapter

* Revised the divide and conquer chapter

* Revised the chapter backtacking

* Revised the DP chapter

* Revised the greedy chapter

* Revised the appendix chapter

* Revised the preface chapter doubly

* Revised the figures
2023-12-02 06:21:34 +08:00

141 lines
5.1 KiB
C#

/**
* File: edit_distance.cs
* Created Time: 2023-07-14
* Author: hpstory (hpstory1024@163.com)
*/
namespace hello_algo.chapter_dynamic_programming;
public class edit_distance {
/* 编辑距离:暴力搜索 */
int EditDistanceDFS(string s, string t, int i, int j) {
// 若 s 和 t 都为空,则返回 0
if (i == 0 && j == 0)
return 0;
// 若 s 为空,则返回 t 长度
if (i == 0)
return j;
// 若 t 为空,则返回 s 长度
if (j == 0)
return i;
// 若两字符相等,则直接跳过此两字符
if (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1])
return EditDistanceDFS(s, t, i - 1, j - 1);
// 最少编辑步数 = 插入、删除、替换这三种操作的最少编辑步数 + 1
int insert = EditDistanceDFS(s, t, i, j - 1);
int delete = EditDistanceDFS(s, t, i - 1, j);
int replace = EditDistanceDFS(s, t, i - 1, j - 1);
// 返回最少编辑步数
return Math.Min(Math.Min(insert, delete), replace) + 1;
}
/* 编辑距离:记忆化搜索 */
int EditDistanceDFSMem(string s, string t, int[][] mem, int i, int j) {
// 若 s 和 t 都为空,则返回 0
if (i == 0 && j == 0)
return 0;
// 若 s 为空,则返回 t 长度
if (i == 0)
return j;
// 若 t 为空,则返回 s 长度
if (j == 0)
return i;
// 若已有记录,则直接返回之
if (mem[i][j] != -1)
return mem[i][j];
// 若两字符相等,则直接跳过此两字符
if (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1])
return EditDistanceDFSMem(s, t, mem, i - 1, j - 1);
// 最少编辑步数 = 插入、删除、替换这三种操作的最少编辑步数 + 1
int insert = EditDistanceDFSMem(s, t, mem, i, j - 1);
int delete = EditDistanceDFSMem(s, t, mem, i - 1, j);
int replace = EditDistanceDFSMem(s, t, mem, i - 1, j - 1);
// 记录并返回最少编辑步数
mem[i][j] = Math.Min(Math.Min(insert, delete), replace) + 1;
return mem[i][j];
}
/* 编辑距离:动态规划 */
int EditDistanceDP(string s, string t) {
int n = s.Length, m = t.Length;
int[,] dp = new int[n + 1, m + 1];
// 状态转移:首行首列
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
dp[i, 0] = i;
}
for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
dp[0, j] = j;
}
// 状态转移:其余行和列
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
if (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {
// 若两字符相等,则直接跳过此两字符
dp[i, j] = dp[i - 1, j - 1];
} else {
// 最少编辑步数 = 插入、删除、替换这三种操作的最少编辑步数 + 1
dp[i, j] = Math.Min(Math.Min(dp[i, j - 1], dp[i - 1, j]), dp[i - 1, j - 1]) + 1;
}
}
}
return dp[n, m];
}
/* 编辑距离:空间优化后的动态规划 */
int EditDistanceDPComp(string s, string t) {
int n = s.Length, m = t.Length;
int[] dp = new int[m + 1];
// 状态转移:首行
for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
dp[j] = j;
}
// 状态转移:其余行
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
// 状态转移:首列
int leftup = dp[0]; // 暂存 dp[i-1, j-1]
dp[0] = i;
// 状态转移:其余列
for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
int temp = dp[j];
if (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {
// 若两字符相等,则直接跳过此两字符
dp[j] = leftup;
} else {
// 最少编辑步数 = 插入、删除、替换这三种操作的最少编辑步数 + 1
dp[j] = Math.Min(Math.Min(dp[j - 1], dp[j]), leftup) + 1;
}
leftup = temp; // 更新为下一轮的 dp[i-1, j-1]
}
}
return dp[m];
}
[Test]
public void Test() {
string s = "bag";
string t = "pack";
int n = s.Length, m = t.Length;
// 暴力搜索
int res = EditDistanceDFS(s, t, n, m);
Console.WriteLine("将 " + s + " 更改为 " + t + " 最少需要编辑 " + res + " 步");
// 记忆化搜索
int[][] mem = new int[n + 1][];
for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {
mem[i] = new int[m + 1];
Array.Fill(mem[i], -1);
}
res = EditDistanceDFSMem(s, t, mem, n, m);
Console.WriteLine("将 " + s + " 更改为 " + t + " 最少需要编辑 " + res + " 步");
// 动态规划
res = EditDistanceDP(s, t);
Console.WriteLine("将 " + s + " 更改为 " + t + " 最少需要编辑 " + res + " 步");
// 空间优化后的动态规划
res = EditDistanceDPComp(s, t);
Console.WriteLine("将 " + s + " 更改为 " + t + " 最少需要编辑 " + res + " 步");
}
}