hello-algo/codes/c/chapter_dynamic_programming/knapsack.c
Yudong Jin e720aa2d24
feat: Revised the book (#978)
* Sync recent changes to the revised Word.

* Revised the preface chapter

* Revised the introduction chapter

* Revised the computation complexity chapter

* Revised the chapter data structure

* Revised the chapter array and linked list

* Revised the chapter stack and queue

* Revised the chapter hashing

* Revised the chapter tree

* Revised the chapter heap

* Revised the chapter graph

* Revised the chapter searching

* Reivised the sorting chapter

* Revised the divide and conquer chapter

* Revised the chapter backtacking

* Revised the DP chapter

* Revised the greedy chapter

* Revised the appendix chapter

* Revised the preface chapter doubly

* Revised the figures
2023-12-02 06:21:34 +08:00

137 lines
4.1 KiB
C

/**
* File: knapsack.c
* Created Time: 2023-10-02
* Author: Zuoxun (845242523@qq.com)
*/
#include "../utils/common.h"
/* 求最大值 */
int myMax(int a, int b) {
return a > b ? a : b;
}
/* 0-1 背包:暴力搜索 */
int knapsackDFS(int wgt[], int val[], int i, int c) {
// 若已选完所有物品或背包无剩余容量,则返回价值 0
if (i == 0 || c == 0) {
return 0;
}
// 若超过背包容量,则只能选择不放入背包
if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {
return knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c);
}
// 计算不放入和放入物品 i 的最大价值
int no = knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c);
int yes = knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c - wgt[i - 1]) + val[i - 1];
// 返回两种方案中价值更大的那一个
return myMax(no, yes);
}
/* 0-1 背包:记忆化搜索 */
int knapsackDFSMem(int wgt[], int val[], int memCols, int **mem, int i, int c) {
// 若已选完所有物品或背包无剩余容量,则返回价值 0
if (i == 0 || c == 0) {
return 0;
}
// 若已有记录,则直接返回
if (mem[i][c] != -1) {
return mem[i][c];
}
// 若超过背包容量,则只能选择不放入背包
if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {
return knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, memCols, mem, i - 1, c);
}
// 计算不放入和放入物品 i 的最大价值
int no = knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, memCols, mem, i - 1, c);
int yes = knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, memCols, mem, i - 1, c - wgt[i - 1]) + val[i - 1];
// 记录并返回两种方案中价值更大的那一个
mem[i][c] = myMax(no, yes);
return mem[i][c];
}
/* 0-1 背包:动态规划 */
int knapsackDP(int wgt[], int val[], int cap, int wgtSize) {
int n = wgtSize;
// 初始化 dp 表
int **dp = malloc((n + 1) * sizeof(int *));
for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {
dp[i] = calloc(cap + 1, sizeof(int));
}
// 状态转移
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
for (int c = 1; c <= cap; c++) {
if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {
// 若超过背包容量,则不选物品 i
dp[i][c] = dp[i - 1][c];
} else {
// 不选和选物品 i 这两种方案的较大值
dp[i][c] = myMax(dp[i - 1][c], dp[i - 1][c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);
}
}
}
int res = dp[n][cap];
// 释放内存
for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {
free(dp[i]);
}
return res;
}
/* 0-1 背包:空间优化后的动态规划 */
int knapsackDPComp(int wgt[], int val[], int cap, int wgtSize) {
int n = wgtSize;
// 初始化 dp 表
int *dp = calloc(cap + 1, sizeof(int));
// 状态转移
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
// 倒序遍历
for (int c = cap; c >= 1; c--) {
if (wgt[i - 1] <= c) {
// 不选和选物品 i 这两种方案的较大值
dp[c] = myMax(dp[c], dp[c - wgt[i - 1]] + val[i - 1]);
}
}
}
int res = dp[cap];
// 释放内存
free(dp);
return res;
}
/* Driver Code */
int main() {
int wgt[] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};
int val[] = {50, 120, 150, 210, 240};
int cap = 50;
int n = sizeof(wgt) / sizeof(wgt[0]);
int wgtSize = n;
// 暴力搜索
int res = knapsackDFS(wgt, val, n, cap);
printf("不超过背包容量的最大物品价值为 %d\n", res);
// 记忆化搜索
int **mem = malloc((n + 1) * sizeof(int *));
for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {
mem[i] = malloc((cap + 1) * sizeof(int));
memset(mem[i], -1, (cap + 1) * sizeof(int));
}
res = knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, cap + 1, mem, n, cap);
printf("不超过背包容量的最大物品价值为 %d\n", res);
// 释放内存
for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {
free(mem[i]);
}
free(mem);
// 动态规划
res = knapsackDP(wgt, val, cap, wgtSize);
printf("不超过背包容量的最大物品价值为 %d\n", res);
// 空间优化后的动态规划
res = knapsackDPComp(wgt, val, cap, wgtSize);
printf("不超过背包容量的最大物品价值为 %d\n", res);
return 0;
}