mirror of
https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo.git
synced 2024-12-24 10:06:28 +08:00
e720aa2d24
* Sync recent changes to the revised Word. * Revised the preface chapter * Revised the introduction chapter * Revised the computation complexity chapter * Revised the chapter data structure * Revised the chapter array and linked list * Revised the chapter stack and queue * Revised the chapter hashing * Revised the chapter tree * Revised the chapter heap * Revised the chapter graph * Revised the chapter searching * Reivised the sorting chapter * Revised the divide and conquer chapter * Revised the chapter backtacking * Revised the DP chapter * Revised the greedy chapter * Revised the appendix chapter * Revised the preface chapter doubly * Revised the figures
159 lines
4.9 KiB
C
159 lines
4.9 KiB
C
/**
|
|
* File: edit_distance.c
|
|
* Created Time: 2023-10-02
|
|
* Author: Zuoxun (845242523@qq.com)
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
#include "../utils/common.h"
|
|
|
|
/* 求最小值 */
|
|
int myMin(int a, int b) {
|
|
return a < b ? a : b;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/* 编辑距离:暴力搜索 */
|
|
int editDistanceDFS(char *s, char *t, int i, int j) {
|
|
// 若 s 和 t 都为空,则返回 0
|
|
if (i == 0 && j == 0)
|
|
return 0;
|
|
// 若 s 为空,则返回 t 长度
|
|
if (i == 0)
|
|
return j;
|
|
// 若 t 为空,则返回 s 长度
|
|
if (j == 0)
|
|
return i;
|
|
// 若两字符相等,则直接跳过此两字符
|
|
if (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1])
|
|
return editDistanceDFS(s, t, i - 1, j - 1);
|
|
// 最少编辑步数 = 插入、删除、替换这三种操作的最少编辑步数 + 1
|
|
int insert = editDistanceDFS(s, t, i, j - 1);
|
|
int del = editDistanceDFS(s, t, i - 1, j);
|
|
int replace = editDistanceDFS(s, t, i - 1, j - 1);
|
|
// 返回最少编辑步数
|
|
return myMin(myMin(insert, del), replace) + 1;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/* 编辑距离:记忆化搜索 */
|
|
int editDistanceDFSMem(char *s, char *t, int memCols, int **mem, int i, int j) {
|
|
// 若 s 和 t 都为空,则返回 0
|
|
if (i == 0 && j == 0)
|
|
return 0;
|
|
// 若 s 为空,则返回 t 长度
|
|
if (i == 0)
|
|
return j;
|
|
// 若 t 为空,则返回 s 长度
|
|
if (j == 0)
|
|
return i;
|
|
// 若已有记录,则直接返回之
|
|
if (mem[i][j] != -1)
|
|
return mem[i][j];
|
|
// 若两字符相等,则直接跳过此两字符
|
|
if (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1])
|
|
return editDistanceDFSMem(s, t, memCols, mem, i - 1, j - 1);
|
|
// 最少编辑步数 = 插入、删除、替换这三种操作的最少编辑步数 + 1
|
|
int insert = editDistanceDFSMem(s, t, memCols, mem, i, j - 1);
|
|
int del = editDistanceDFSMem(s, t, memCols, mem, i - 1, j);
|
|
int replace = editDistanceDFSMem(s, t, memCols, mem, i - 1, j - 1);
|
|
// 记录并返回最少编辑步数
|
|
mem[i][j] = myMin(myMin(insert, del), replace) + 1;
|
|
return mem[i][j];
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/* 编辑距离:动态规划 */
|
|
int editDistanceDP(char *s, char *t, int n, int m) {
|
|
int **dp = malloc((n + 1) * sizeof(int *));
|
|
for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {
|
|
dp[i] = calloc(m + 1, sizeof(int));
|
|
}
|
|
// 状态转移:首行首列
|
|
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
|
|
dp[i][0] = i;
|
|
}
|
|
for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
|
|
dp[0][j] = j;
|
|
}
|
|
// 状态转移:其余行和列
|
|
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
|
|
for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
|
|
if (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {
|
|
// 若两字符相等,则直接跳过此两字符
|
|
dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1];
|
|
} else {
|
|
// 最少编辑步数 = 插入、删除、替换这三种操作的最少编辑步数 + 1
|
|
dp[i][j] = myMin(myMin(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]), dp[i - 1][j - 1]) + 1;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
int res = dp[n][m];
|
|
// 释放内存
|
|
for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {
|
|
free(dp[i]);
|
|
}
|
|
return res;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/* 编辑距离:空间优化后的动态规划 */
|
|
int editDistanceDPComp(char *s, char *t, int n, int m) {
|
|
int *dp = calloc(m + 1, sizeof(int));
|
|
// 状态转移:首行
|
|
for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
|
|
dp[j] = j;
|
|
}
|
|
// 状态转移:其余行
|
|
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
|
|
// 状态转移:首列
|
|
int leftup = dp[0]; // 暂存 dp[i-1, j-1]
|
|
dp[0] = i;
|
|
// 状态转移:其余列
|
|
for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
|
|
int temp = dp[j];
|
|
if (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {
|
|
// 若两字符相等,则直接跳过此两字符
|
|
dp[j] = leftup;
|
|
} else {
|
|
// 最少编辑步数 = 插入、删除、替换这三种操作的最少编辑步数 + 1
|
|
dp[j] = myMin(myMin(dp[j - 1], dp[j]), leftup) + 1;
|
|
}
|
|
leftup = temp; // 更新为下一轮的 dp[i-1, j-1]
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
int res = dp[m];
|
|
// 释放内存
|
|
free(dp);
|
|
return res;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/* Driver Code */
|
|
int main() {
|
|
char *s = "bag";
|
|
char *t = "pack";
|
|
int n = strlen(s), m = strlen(t);
|
|
|
|
// 暴力搜索
|
|
int res = editDistanceDFS(s, t, n, m);
|
|
printf("将 %s 更改为 %s 最少需要编辑 %d 步\n", s, t, res);
|
|
|
|
// 记忆化搜索
|
|
int **mem = malloc((n + 1) * sizeof(int *));
|
|
for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {
|
|
mem[i] = malloc((m + 1) * sizeof(int));
|
|
memset(mem[i], -1, (m + 1) * sizeof(int));
|
|
}
|
|
res = editDistanceDFSMem(s, t, m + 1, mem, n, m);
|
|
printf("将 %s 更改为 %s 最少需要编辑 %d 步\n", s, t, res);
|
|
// 释放内存
|
|
for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {
|
|
free(mem[i]);
|
|
}
|
|
free(mem);
|
|
|
|
// 动态规划
|
|
res = editDistanceDP(s, t, n, m);
|
|
printf("将 %s 更改为 %s 最少需要编辑 %d 步\n", s, t, res);
|
|
|
|
// 空间优化后的动态规划
|
|
res = editDistanceDPComp(s, t, n, m);
|
|
printf("将 %s 更改为 %s 最少需要编辑 %d 步\n", s, t, res);
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
|
}
|