/** * File: hash_map_chaining.java * Created Time: 2023-06-13 * Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com) */ package chapter_hashing; /* 键值对 */ class Pair { public int key; public String val; public Pair(int key, String val) { this.key = key; this.val = val; } } /* 开放寻址哈希表 */ class HashMapOpenAddressing { private int size; // 键值对数量 private int capacity; // 哈希表容量 private double loadThres; // 触发扩容的负载因子阈值 private int extendRatio; // 扩容倍数 private Pair[] buckets; // 桶数组 private Pair removed; // 删除标记 /* 构造方法 */ public HashMapOpenAddressing() { size = 0; capacity = 4; loadThres = 2.0 / 3.0; extendRatio = 2; buckets = new Pair[capacity]; removed = new Pair(-1, "-1"); } /* 哈希函数 */ public int hashFunc(int key) { return key % capacity; } /* 负载因子 */ public double loadFactor() { return (double) size / capacity; } /* 查询操作 */ public String get(int key) { int index = hashFunc(key); // 线性探测,从 index 开始向后遍历 for (int i = 0; i < capacity; i++) { // 计算桶索引,越过尾部返回头部 int j = (index + i) % capacity; // 若遇到空桶,说明无此 key ,则返回 null if (buckets[j] == null) return null; // 若遇到指定 key ,则返回对应 val if (buckets[j].key == key && buckets[j] != removed) return buckets[j].val; } return null; } /* 添加操作 */ public void put(int key, String val) { // 当负载因子超过阈值时,执行扩容 if (loadFactor() > loadThres) { extend(); } int index = hashFunc(key); // 线性探测,从 index 开始向后遍历 for (int i = 0; i < capacity; i++) { // 计算桶索引,越过尾部返回头部 int j = (index + i) % capacity; // 若遇到空桶、或带有删除标记的桶,则将键值对放入该桶 if (buckets[j] == null || buckets[j] == removed) { buckets[j] = new Pair(key, val); size += 1; return; } // 若遇到指定 key ,则更新对应 val if (buckets[j].key == key) { buckets[j].val = val; return; } } } /* 删除操作 */ public void remove(int key) { int index = hashFunc(key); // 线性探测,从 index 开始向后遍历 for (int i = 0; i < capacity; i++) { // 计算桶索引,越过尾部返回头部 int j = (index + i) % capacity; // 若遇到空桶,说明无此 key ,则直接返回 if (buckets[j] == null) { return; } // 若遇到指定 key ,则标记删除并返回 if (buckets[j].key == key) { buckets[j] = removed; size -= 1; return; } } } /* 扩容哈希表 */ public void extend() { // 暂存原哈希表 Pair[] bucketsTmp = buckets; // 初始化扩容后的新哈希表 capacity *= extendRatio; buckets = new Pair[capacity]; size = 0; // 将键值对从原哈希表搬运至新哈希表 for (Pair pair : bucketsTmp) { if (pair != null && pair != removed) { put(pair.key, pair.val); } } } /* 打印哈希表 */ public void print() { for (Pair pair : buckets) { if (pair != null) { System.out.println(pair.key + " -> " + pair.val); } else { System.out.println("null"); } } } } public class hash_map_open_addressing { public static void main(String[] args) { /* 初始化哈希表 */ HashMapOpenAddressing map = new HashMapOpenAddressing(); /* 添加操作 */ // 在哈希表中添加键值对 (key, value) map.put(12836, "小哈"); map.put(15937, "小啰"); map.put(16750, "小算"); map.put(13276, "小法"); map.put(10583, "小鸭"); System.out.println("\n添加完成后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value"); map.print(); /* 查询操作 */ // 向哈希表输入键 key ,得到值 value String name = map.get(13276); System.out.println("\n输入学号 13276 ,查询到姓名 " + name); /* 删除操作 */ // 在哈希表中删除键值对 (key, value) map.remove(16750); System.out.println("\n删除 16750 后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value"); map.print(); } }