""" File: my_heap.py Created Time: 2023-02-23 Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com) """ import sys, os.path as osp sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__)))) from include import * """ 大顶堆 """ class MaxHeap: """ 构造方法 """ def __init__(self, nums: List[int]): # 将列表元素原封不动添加进堆 self.max_heap = nums # 堆化除叶结点以外的其他所有结点 for i in range(self.parent(self.size() - 1), -1, -1): self.sift_down(i) """ 获取左子结点索引 """ def left(self, i: int) -> int: return 2 * i + 1 """ 获取右子结点索引 """ def right(self, i: int) -> int: return 2 * i + 2 """ 获取父结点索引 """ def parent(self, i: int) -> int: return (i - 1) // 2 # 向下整除 """ 交换元素 """ def swap(self, i: int, j: int): a, b = self.max_heap[i], self.max_heap[j] self.max_heap[i], self.max_heap[j] = b, a """ 获取堆大小 """ def size(self) -> int: return len(self.max_heap) """ 判断堆是否为空 """ def is_empty(self) -> bool: return self.size() == 0 """ 访问堆顶元素 """ def peek(self) -> int: return self.max_heap[0] """ 元素入堆 """ def push(self, val: int): # 添加结点 self.max_heap.append(val) # 从底至顶堆化 self.sift_up(self.size() - 1) """ 从结点 i 开始,从底至顶堆化 """ def sift_up(self, i: int): while True: # 获取结点 i 的父结点 p = self.parent(i) # 当“越过根结点”或“结点无需修复”时,结束堆化 if p < 0 or self.max_heap[i] <= self.max_heap[p]: break # 交换两结点 self.swap(i, p) # 循环向上堆化 i = p """ 元素出堆 """ def poll(self) -> int: # 判空处理 assert not self.is_empty() # 交换根结点与最右叶结点(即交换首元素与尾元素) self.swap(0, self.size() - 1) # 删除结点 val = self.max_heap.pop() # 从顶至底堆化 self.sift_down(0) # 返回堆顶元素 return val """ 从结点 i 开始,从顶至底堆化 """ def sift_down(self, i: int): while True: # 判断结点 i, l, r 中值最大的结点,记为 ma l, r, ma = self.left(i), self.right(i), i if l < self.size() and self.max_heap[l] > self.max_heap[ma]: ma = l if r < self.size() and self.max_heap[r] > self.max_heap[ma]: ma = r # 若结点 i 最大或索引 l, r 越界,则无需继续堆化,跳出 if ma == i: break # 交换两结点 self.swap(i, ma) # 循环向下堆化 i = ma """ 打印堆(二叉树) """ def print(self): print_heap(self.max_heap) def test_push(max_heap: MaxHeap, val: int): max_heap.push(val) # 元素入堆 print(f"\n添加元素 {val} 后\n") max_heap.print() def test_poll(max_heap: MaxHeap): val = max_heap.poll() # 堆顶元素出堆 print(f"\n出堆元素为 {val}\n") max_heap.print() if __name__ == "__main__": # 初始化大顶堆 max_heap = MaxHeap([9, 8, 6, 6, 7, 5, 2, 1, 4, 3, 6, 2]) print("\n输入列表并建堆后") max_heap.print() # 获取堆顶元素 peek = max_heap.peek() print(f"\n堆顶元素为 {peek}") # 元素入堆 val = 7 max_heap.push(val) print(f"\n元素 {val} 入堆后") max_heap.print() # 堆顶元素出堆 peek = max_heap.poll() print(f"\n堆顶元素 {peek} 出堆后") max_heap.print() # 获取堆大小 size = max_heap.size() print(f"\n堆元素数量为 {size}") # 判断堆是否为空 is_empty = max_heap.is_empty() print(f"\n堆是否为空 {is_empty}")