/** * File: permutations_ii.dart * Created Time: 2023-08-10 * Author: liuyuxin (gvenusleo@gmail.com) */ /* 回溯演算法:全排列 II */ void backtrack( List state, List choices, List selected, List> res, ) { // 當狀態長度等於元素數量時,記錄解 if (state.length == choices.length) { res.add(List.from(state)); return; } // 走訪所有選擇 Set duplicated = {}; for (int i = 0; i < choices.length; i++) { int choice = choices[i]; // 剪枝:不允許重複選擇元素 且 不允許重複選擇相等元素 if (!selected[i] && !duplicated.contains(choice)) { // 嘗試:做出選擇,更新狀態 duplicated.add(choice); // 記錄選擇過的元素值 selected[i] = true; state.add(choice); // 進行下一輪選擇 backtrack(state, choices, selected, res); // 回退:撤銷選擇,恢復到之前的狀態 selected[i] = false; state.removeLast(); } } } /* 全排列 II */ List> permutationsII(List nums) { List> res = []; backtrack([], nums, List.filled(nums.length, false), res); return res; } /* Driver Code */ void main() { List nums = [1, 2, 2]; List> res = permutationsII(nums); print("輸入陣列 nums = $nums"); print("所有排列 res = $res"); }