diff --git a/codes/dart/chapter_graph/graph_adjacency_list.dart b/codes/dart/chapter_graph/graph_adjacency_list.dart new file mode 100644 index 000000000..250c189ce --- /dev/null +++ b/codes/dart/chapter_graph/graph_adjacency_list.dart @@ -0,0 +1,124 @@ +/** + * File: graph_adjacency_list.dart + * Created Time: 2023-05-15 + * Author: liuyuxin (gvenusleo@gmail.com) + */ + +import '../utils/vertex.dart'; + +/* 基于邻接表实现的无向图类 */ +class GraphAdjList { + // 邻接表,key: 顶点,value:该顶点的所有邻接顶点 + Map> adjList = {}; + + /* 构造方法 */ + GraphAdjList(List> edges) { + for (List edge in edges) { + addVertex(edge[0]); + addVertex(edge[1]); + addEdge(edge[0], edge[1]); + } + } + + /* 获取顶点数量 */ + int size() { + return adjList.length; + } + + /* 添加边 */ + void addEdge(Vertex vet1, Vertex vet2) { + if (!adjList.containsKey(vet1) || + !adjList.containsKey(vet2) || + vet1 == vet2) { + throw ArgumentError; + } + // 添加边 vet1 - vet2 + adjList[vet1]!.add(vet2); + adjList[vet2]!.add(vet1); + } + + /* 删除边 */ + void removeEdge(Vertex vet1, Vertex vet2) { + if (!adjList.containsKey(vet1) || + !adjList.containsKey(vet2) || + vet1 == vet2) { + throw ArgumentError; + } + // 删除边 vet1 - vet2 + adjList[vet1]!.remove(vet2); + adjList[vet2]!.remove(vet1); + } + + /* 添加顶点 */ + void addVertex(Vertex vet) { + if (adjList.containsKey(vet)) return; + // 在邻接表中添加一个新链表 + adjList[vet] = []; + } + + /* 删除顶点 */ + void removeVertex(Vertex vet) { + if (!adjList.containsKey(vet)) { + throw ArgumentError; + } + // 在邻接表中删除顶点 vet 对应的链表 + adjList.remove(vet); + // 遍历其他顶点的链表,删除所有包含 vet 的边 + adjList.forEach((key, value) { + value.remove(vet); + }); + } + + /* 打印邻接表 */ + void printAdjList() { + print("邻接表 ="); + adjList.forEach((key, value) { + List tmp = []; + for (Vertex vertex in value) { + tmp.add(vertex.val); + } + print("${key.val}: $tmp,"); + }); + } +} + +/* Driver Code */ +void main() { + /* 初始化无向图 */ + List v = Vertex.valsToVets([1, 3, 2, 5, 4]); + List> edges = [ + [v[0], v[1]], + [v[0], v[3]], + [v[1], v[2]], + [v[2], v[3]], + [v[2], v[4]], + [v[3], v[4]], + ]; + GraphAdjList graph = GraphAdjList(edges); + print("\n初始化后,图为"); + graph.printAdjList(); + + /* 添加边 */ + // 顶点 1, 2 即 v[0], v[2] + graph.addEdge(v[0], v[2]); + print("\n添加边 1-2 后,图为"); + graph.printAdjList(); + + /* 删除边 */ + // 顶点 1, 3 即 v[0], v[1] + graph.removeEdge(v[0], v[1]); + print("\n删除边 1-3 后,图为"); + graph.printAdjList(); + + /* 添加顶点 */ + Vertex v5 = Vertex(6); + graph.addVertex(v5); + print("\n添加顶点 6 后,图为"); + graph.printAdjList(); + + /* 删除顶点 */ + // 顶点 3 即 v[1] + graph.removeVertex(v[1]); + print("\n删除顶点 3 后,图为"); + graph.printAdjList(); +} diff --git a/codes/dart/chapter_graph/graph_adjacency_matrix.dart b/codes/dart/chapter_graph/graph_adjacency_matrix.dart new file mode 100644 index 000000000..af7d75fe0 --- /dev/null +++ b/codes/dart/chapter_graph/graph_adjacency_matrix.dart @@ -0,0 +1,134 @@ +/** + * File: graph_adjacency_matrix.dart + * Created Time: 2023-05-15 + * Author: liuyuxin (gvenusleo@gmail.com) + */ + +import '../utils/print_util.dart'; + +/* 基于邻接矩阵实现的无向图类 */ +class GraphAdjMat { + List vertices = []; // 顶点元素,元素代表“顶点值”,索引代表“顶点索引” + List> adjMat = []; //邻接矩阵,行列索引对应“顶点索引” + + /* 构造方法 */ + GraphAdjMat(List vertices, List> edges) { + this.vertices = []; + this.adjMat = []; + // 添加顶点 + for (int val in vertices) { + addVertex(val); + } + // 添加边 + // 请注意,edges 元素代表顶点索引,即对应 vertices 元素索引 + for (List e in edges) { + addEdge(e[0], e[1]); + } + } + + /* 获取顶点数量 */ + int size() { + return vertices.length; + } + + /* 添加顶点 */ + void addVertex(int val) { + int n = size(); + // 向顶点列表中添加新顶点的值 + vertices.add(val); + // 在邻接矩阵中添加一行 + List newRow = List.filled(n, 0, growable: true); + adjMat.add(newRow); + // 在邻接矩阵中添加一列 + for (List row in adjMat) { + row.add(0); + } + } + + /* 删除顶点 */ + void removeVertex(int index) { + if (index >= size()) { + throw IndexError; + } + // 在顶点列表中移除索引 index 的顶点 + vertices.removeAt(index); + // 在邻接矩阵中删除索引 index 的行 + adjMat.removeAt(index); + // 在邻接矩阵中删除索引 index 的列 + for (List row in adjMat) { + row.removeAt(index); + } + } + + /* 添加边 */ + // 参数 i, j 对应 vertices 元素索引 + void addEdge(int i, int j) { + // 索引越界与相等处理 + if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= size() || j >= size() || i == j) { + throw IndexError; + } + // 在无向图中,邻接矩阵沿主对角线对称,即满足 (i, j) == (j, i) + adjMat[i][j] = 1; + adjMat[j][i] = 1; + } + + /* 删除边 */ + // 参数 i, j 对应 vertices 元素索引 + void removeEdge(int i, int j) { + // 索引越界与相等处理 + if (i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= size() || j >= size() || i == j) { + throw IndexError; + } + adjMat[i][j] = 0; + adjMat[j][i] = 0; + } + + /* 打印邻接矩阵 */ + void printAdjMat() { + print("顶点列表 = "); + print(vertices); + print("邻接矩阵 = "); + printMatrix(adjMat); + } +} + +/* Driver Code */ +void main() { + /* 初始化无向图 */ + // 请注意,edges 元素代表顶点索引,即对应 vertices 元素索引 + List vertices = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4]; + List> edges = [ + [0, 1], + [0, 3], + [1, 2], + [2, 3], + [2, 4], + [3, 4], + ]; + GraphAdjMat graph = GraphAdjMat(vertices, edges); + print("\n初始化后,图为"); + graph.printAdjMat(); + + /* 添加边 */ + // 顶点 1, 2 的索引分别为 0, 2 + graph.addEdge(0, 2); + print("\n添加边 1-2 后,图为"); + graph.printAdjMat(); + + /* 删除边 */ + // 顶点 1, 3 的索引分别为 0, 1 + graph.removeEdge(0, 1); + print("\n删除边 1-3 后,图为"); + graph.printAdjMat(); + + /* 添加顶点 */ + graph.addVertex(6); + print("\n添加顶点 6 后,图为"); + graph.printAdjMat(); + + /* 删除顶点 */ + // 顶点 3 的索引为 1 + graph.removeVertex(1); + print("\n删除顶点 3 后,图为"); + graph.printAdjMat(); +} diff --git a/codes/dart/chapter_graph/graph_bfs.dart b/codes/dart/chapter_graph/graph_bfs.dart new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9acec3f2c --- /dev/null +++ b/codes/dart/chapter_graph/graph_bfs.dart @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +/** + * File: graph_bfs.dart + * Created Time: 2023-05-15 + * Author: liuyuxin (gvenusleo@gmail.com) + */ + +import 'dart:collection'; + +import '../utils/vertex.dart'; +import 'graph_adjacency_list.dart'; + +/* 广度优先遍历 BFS */ +List graphBFS(GraphAdjList graph, Vertex startVet) { + // 使用邻接表来表示图,以便获取指定顶点的所有邻接顶点 + // 顶点遍历序列 + List res = []; + // 哈希表,用于记录已被访问过的顶点 + Set visited = {}; + visited.add(startVet); + // 队列用于实现 BFS + Queue que = Queue(); + que.add(startVet); + // 以顶点 vet 为起点,循环直至访问完所有顶点 + while (que.isNotEmpty) { + Vertex vet = que.removeFirst(); // 队首顶点出队 + res.add(vet); // 记录访问顶点 + // 遍历该顶点的所有邻接顶点 + for (Vertex adjVet in graph.adjList[vet]!) { + if (visited.contains(adjVet)) { + continue; // 跳过已被访问过的顶点 + } + que.add(adjVet); // 只入队未访问的顶点 + visited.add(adjVet); // 标记该顶点已被访问 + } + } + // 返回顶点遍历序列 + return res; +} + +/* Dirver Code */ +void main() { + /* 初始化无向图 */ + List v = Vertex.valsToVets([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]); + List> edges = [ + [v[0], v[1]], + [v[0], v[3]], + [v[1], v[2]], + [v[1], v[4]], + [v[2], v[5]], + [v[3], v[4]], + [v[3], v[6]], + [v[4], v[5]], + [v[4], v[7]], + [v[5], v[8]], + [v[6], v[7]], + [v[7], v[8]], + ]; + GraphAdjList graph = GraphAdjList(edges); + print("\n初始化后,图为"); + graph.printAdjList(); + + /* 广度优先遍历 BFS */ + List res = graphBFS(graph, v[0]); + print("\n广度优先遍历(BFS)顶点序列为"); + print(Vertex.vetsToVals(res)); +} diff --git a/codes/dart/chapter_graph/graph_dfs.dart b/codes/dart/chapter_graph/graph_dfs.dart new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8b9b93eaa --- /dev/null +++ b/codes/dart/chapter_graph/graph_dfs.dart @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +/** + * File: graph_dfs.dart + * Created Time: 2023-05-15 + * Author: liuyuxin (gvenusleo@gmail.com) + */ + +import '../utils/vertex.dart'; +import 'graph_adjacency_list.dart'; + +/* 深度优先遍历 DFS 辅助函数 */ +void dfs( + GraphAdjList graph, + Set visited, + List res, + Vertex vet, +) { + res.add(vet); // 记录访问顶点 + visited.add(vet); // 标记该顶点已被访问 + // 遍历该顶点的所有邻接顶点 + for (Vertex adjVet in graph.adjList[vet]!) { + if (visited.contains(adjVet)) { + continue; // 跳过已被访问过的顶点 + } + // 递归访问邻接顶点 + dfs(graph, visited, res, adjVet); + } +} + +/* 深度优先遍历 DFS */ +List graphDFS(GraphAdjList graph, Vertex startVet) { + // 顶点遍历序列 + List res = []; + // 哈希表,用于记录已被访问过的顶点 + Set visited = {}; + dfs(graph, visited, res, startVet); + return res; +} + +/* Driver Code */ +void main() { + /* 初始化无向图 */ + List v = Vertex.valsToVets([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]); + List> edges = [ + [v[0], v[1]], + [v[0], v[3]], + [v[1], v[2]], + [v[2], v[5]], + [v[4], v[5]], + [v[5], v[6]], + ]; + GraphAdjList graph = GraphAdjList(edges); + print("\n初始化后,图为"); + graph.printAdjList(); + + /* 深度优先遍历 DFS */ + List res = graphDFS(graph, v[0]); + print("\n深度优先遍历(DFS)顶点序列为"); + print(Vertex.vetsToVals(res)); +} diff --git a/codes/dart/utils/print_util.dart b/codes/dart/utils/print_util.dart index 82ac38b06..199bf49b7 100644 --- a/codes/dart/utils/print_util.dart +++ b/codes/dart/utils/print_util.dart @@ -16,6 +16,14 @@ class Trunk { Trunk(this.prev, this.str); } +void printMatrix(List> matrix) { + print("["); + for (List row in matrix) { + print(" $row,"); + } + print("]"); +} + void printLinkedList(ListNode? head) { List list = []; diff --git a/codes/dart/utils/vertex.dart b/codes/dart/utils/vertex.dart new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fe81e6631 --- /dev/null +++ b/codes/dart/utils/vertex.dart @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +/** + * File: Vertex.dart + * Created Time: 2023-05-15 + * Author: liuyuxin (gvenusleo@gmail.com) + */ + +/* 顶点类 */ +class Vertex { + int val; + Vertex(this.val); + + /* 输入值列表 vals ,返回顶点列表 vets */ + static List valsToVets(List vals) { + List vets = []; + for (int i in vals) { + vets.add(Vertex(i)); + } + return vets; + } + + /* 输入顶点列表 vets ,返回值列表 vals */ + static List vetsToVals(List vets) { + List vals = []; + for (Vertex vet in vets) { + vals.add(vet.val); + } + return vals; + } +}