feat: Add Ruby code - chapter "Sorting" (#1333)

* feat: add ruby code - chapter sorting

* Update radix_sort.rb

---------

Co-authored-by: Yudong Jin <krahets@163.com>
This commit is contained in:
khoaxuantu 2024-05-03 18:46:42 +07:00 committed by GitHub
parent a6be0ffdc3
commit cb32c525e7
No known key found for this signature in database
GPG key ID: B5690EEEBB952194
4 changed files with 212 additions and 0 deletions

View file

@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
=begin
File: bubble_sort.rb
Created Time: 2024-05-02
Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)
=end
### 冒泡排序 ###
def bubble_sort(nums)
n = nums.length
# 外循环:未排序区间为 [0, i]
for i in (n - 1).downto(1)
# 内循环:将未排序区间 [0, i] 中的最大元素交换至该区间的最右端
for j in 0...i
if nums[j] > nums[j + 1]
# 交换 nums[j] 与 nums[j + 1]
nums[j], nums[j + 1] = nums[j + 1], nums[j]
end
end
end
end
### 冒泡排序(标志优化)###
def bubble_sort_with_flag(nums)
n = nums.length
# 外循环:未排序区间为 [0, i]
for i in (n - 1).downto(1)
flag = false # 初始化标志位
# 内循环:将未排序区间 [0, i] 中的最大元素交换至该区间的最右端
for j in 0...i
if nums[j] > nums[j + 1]
# 交换 nums[j] 与 nums[j + 1]
nums[j], nums[j + 1] = nums[j + 1], nums[j]
flag = true # 记录交换元素
end
end
break unless flag # 此轮“冒泡”未交换任何元素,直接跳出
end
end
### Driver Code ###
if __FILE__ == $0
nums = [4, 1, 3, 1, 5, 2]
bubble_sort(nums)
puts "冒泡排序完成后 nums = #{nums}"
nums1 = [4, 1, 3, 1, 5, 2]
bubble_sort_with_flag(nums1)
puts "冒泡排序完成后 nums = #{nums1}"
end

View file

@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
=begin
File: counting_sort.rb
Created Time: 2024-05-02
Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)
=end
### 计数排序 ###
def counting_sort_naive(nums)
# 简单实现,无法用于排序对象
# 1. 统计数组最大元素 m
m = 0
nums.each { |num| m = [m, num].max }
# 2. 统计各数字的出现次数
# counter[num] 代表 num 的出现次数
counter = Array.new(m + 1, 0)
nums.each { |num| counter[num] += 1 }
# 3. 遍历 counter ,将各元素填入原数组 nums
i = 0
for num in 0...(m + 1)
(0...counter[num]).each do
nums[i] = num
i += 1
end
end
end
### 计数排序 ###
def counting_sort(nums)
# 完整实现,可排序对象,并且是稳定排序
# 1. 统计数组最大元素 m
m = nums.max
# 2. 统计各数字的出现次数
# counter[num] 代表 num 的出现次数
counter = Array.new(m + 1, 0)
nums.each { |num| counter[num] += 1 }
# 3. 求 counter 的前缀和,将“出现次数”转换为“尾索引”
# 即 counter[num]-1 是 num 在 res 中最后一次出现的索引
(0...m).each { |i| counter[i + 1] += counter[i] }
# 4. 倒序遍历 nums, 将各元素填入结果数组 res
# 初始化数组 res 用于记录结果
n = nums.length
res = Array.new(n, 0)
(n - 1).downto(0).each do |i|
num = nums[i]
res[counter[num] - 1] = num # 将 num 放置到对应索引处
counter[num] -= 1 # 令前缀和自减 1 ,得到下次放置 num 的索引
end
# 使用结果数组 res 覆盖原数组 nums
(0...n).each { |i| nums[i] = res[i] }
end
### Driver Code ###
if __FILE__ == $0
nums = [1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 4, 0, 2, 2, 4]
counting_sort_naive(nums)
puts "计数排序(无法排序对象)完成后 nums = #{nums}"
nums1 = [1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 4, 0, 2, 2, 4]
counting_sort(nums1)
puts "计数排序完成后 nums1 = #{nums1}"
end

View file

@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
=begin
File: radix_sort.rb
Created Time: 2024-05-03
Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)
=end
### 获取元素 num 的第 k 位,其中 exp = 10^(k-1) ###
def digit(num, exp)
# 转入 exp 而非 k 可以避免在此重复执行昂贵的次方计算
(num / exp) % 10
end
### 计数排序(根据 nums 第 k 位排序)###
def counting_sort_digit(nums, exp)
# 十进制的位范围为 0~9 ,因此需要长度为 10 的桶数组
counter = Array.new(10, 0)
n = nums.length
# 统计 0~9 各数字的出现次数
for i in 0...n
d = digit(nums[i], exp) # 获取 nums[i] 第 k 位,记为 d
counter[d] += 1 # 统计数字 d 的出现次数
end
# 求前缀和,将“出现个数”转换为“数组索引”
(1...10).each { |i| counter[i] += counter[i - 1] }
# 倒序遍历,根据桶内统计结果,将各元素填入 res
res = Array.new(n, 0)
for i in (n - 1).downto(0)
d = digit(nums[i], exp)
j = counter[d] - 1 # 获取 d 在数组中的索引 j
res[j] = nums[i] # 将当前元素填入索引 j
counter[d] -= 1 # 将 d 的数量减 1
end
# 使用结果覆盖原数组 nums
(0...n).each { |i| nums[i] = res[i] }
end
### 基数排序 ###
def radix_sort(nums)
# 获取数组的最大元素,用于判断最大位数
m = nums.max
# 按照从低位到高位的顺序遍历
exp = 1
while exp <= m
# 对数组元素的第 k 位执行计数排序
# k = 1 -> exp = 1
# k = 2 -> exp = 10
# 即 exp = 10^(k-1)
counting_sort_digit(nums, exp)
exp *= 10
end
end
### Driver Code ###
if __FILE__ == $0
# 基数排序
nums = [
10546151,
35663510,
42865989,
34862445,
81883077,
88906420,
72429244,
30524779,
82060337,
63832996,
]
radix_sort(nums)
puts "基数排序完成后 nums = #{nums}"
end

View file

@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
=begin
File: selection_sort.rb
Created Time: 2024-05-03
Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)
=end
### 选择排序 ###
def selection_sort(nums)
n = nums.length
# 外循环:未排序区间为 [i, n-1]
for i in 0...(n - 1)
# 内循环:找到未排序区间内的最小元素
k = i
for j in (i + 1)...n
if nums[j] < nums[k]
k = j # 记录最小元素的索引
end
end
# 将该最小元素与未排序区间的首个元素交换
nums[i], nums[k] = nums[k], nums[i]
end
end
### Driver Code ###
if __FILE__ == $0
nums = [4, 1, 3, 1, 5, 2]
selection_sort(nums)
puts "选择排序完成后 nums = #{nums}"
end