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<h1 id="41">4.1. 数组<a class="headerlink" href="#41" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h1>
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<h1 id="41-array">4.1. 数组(Array)<a class="headerlink" href="#41-array" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h1>
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<p>「数组 Array」是一种将 <strong>相同类型元素</strong> 存储在 <strong>连续内存空间</strong> 的数据结构,将元素在数组中的位置称为元素的「索引 Index」。</p>
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<p>「数组 Array」是一种将 <strong>相同类型元素</strong> 存储在 <strong>连续内存空间</strong> 的数据结构,将元素在数组中的位置称为元素的「索引 Index」。</p>
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<p><img alt="数组定义与存储方式" src="../array.assets/array_definition.png" /></p>
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<p><img alt="数组定义与存储方式" src="../array.assets/array_definition.png" /></p>
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<p align="center"> Fig. 数组定义与存储方式 </p>
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<p align="center"> Fig. 数组定义与存储方式 </p>
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<title>4.2. 链表(LinkedList) - Hello 算法</title>
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<title>4.2. 链表(Linked List) - Hello 算法</title>
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<h1 id="42">4.2. 链表<a class="headerlink" href="#42" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h1>
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<h1 id="42-linked-list">4.2. 链表(Linked List)<a class="headerlink" href="#42-linked-list" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h1>
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<p>内存空间是所有程序的公共资源,排除已占用的内存,空闲内存往往是散落在内存各处的。我们知道,存储数组需要内存空间连续,当我们需要申请一个很大的数组时,系统不一定存在这么大的连续内存空间。而链表则更加灵活,不需要内存是连续的,只要剩余内存空间大小够用即可。</p>
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<p>内存空间是所有程序的公共资源,排除已占用的内存,空闲内存往往是散落在内存各处的。我们知道,存储数组需要内存空间连续,当我们需要申请一个很大的数组时,系统不一定存在这么大的连续内存空间。而链表则更加灵活,不需要内存是连续的,只要剩余内存空间大小够用即可。</p>
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<h1 id="43">4.3. 列表<a class="headerlink" href="#43" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h1>
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<h1 id="43-list">4.3. 列表(List)<a class="headerlink" href="#43-list" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h1>
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<p><strong>由于长度不可变,数组的实用性大大降低</strong>。在很多情况下,我们事先并不知道会输入多少数据,这就为数组长度的选择带来了很大困难。长度选小了,需要在添加数据中频繁地扩容数组;长度选大了,又造成内存空间的浪费。</p>
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<p><strong>由于长度不可变,数组的实用性大大降低</strong>。在很多情况下,我们事先并不知道会输入多少数据,这就为数组长度的选择带来了很大困难。长度选小了,需要在添加数据中频繁地扩容数组;长度选大了,又造成内存空间的浪费。</p>
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<p>为了解决此问题,诞生了一种被称为「列表 List」的数据结构。列表可以被理解为长度可变的数组,因此也常被称为「动态数组 Dynamic Array」。列表基于数组实现,继承了数组的优点,同时还可以在程序运行中实时扩容。在列表中,我们可以自由地添加元素,而不用担心超过容量限制。</p>
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<p>为了解决此问题,诞生了一种被称为「列表 List」的数据结构。列表可以被理解为长度可变的数组,因此也常被称为「动态数组 Dynamic Array」。列表基于数组实现,继承了数组的优点,同时还可以在程序运行中实时扩容。在列表中,我们可以自由地添加元素,而不用担心超过容量限制。</p>
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<h2 id="431">4.3.1. 列表常用操作<a class="headerlink" href="#431" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
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<h1 id="91">9.1. 图<a class="headerlink" href="#91" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h1>
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<h1 id="91-graph">9.1. 图(Graph)<a class="headerlink" href="#91-graph" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h1>
|
||||||
<p>「图 Graph」是一种非线性数据结构,由「顶点 Vertex」和「边 Edge」组成。我们可将图 <span class="arithmatex">\(G\)</span> 抽象地表示为一组顶点 <span class="arithmatex">\(V\)</span> 和一组边 <span class="arithmatex">\(E\)</span> 的集合。例如,以下表示一个包含 5 个顶点和 7 条边的图</p>
|
<p>「图 Graph」是一种非线性数据结构,由「顶点 Vertex」和「边 Edge」组成。我们可将图 <span class="arithmatex">\(G\)</span> 抽象地表示为一组顶点 <span class="arithmatex">\(V\)</span> 和一组边 <span class="arithmatex">\(E\)</span> 的集合。例如,以下表示一个包含 5 个顶点和 7 条边的图</p>
|
||||||
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||||||
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||||||
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|
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||||||
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||||||
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<a href="../hash_map/" class="md-footer__link md-footer__link--prev" aria-label="上一页: 6.1. &nbsp; 哈希表(HashMap)" rel="prev">
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<a href="../hash_map/" class="md-footer__link md-footer__link--prev" aria-label="上一页: 6.1. &nbsp; 哈希表(Hash Map)" rel="prev">
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6.1. 哈希表(Hash Map)
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||||||
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||||||
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||||||
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||||||
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||||||
<title>6.1. 哈希表(HashMap) - Hello 算法</title>
|
<title>6.1. 哈希表(Hash Map) - Hello 算法</title>
|
||||||
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||||||
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||||||
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||||||
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6.1. 哈希表(HashMap)
|
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||||||
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<h1 id="61">6.1. 哈希表<a class="headerlink" href="#61" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h1>
|
<h1 id="61-hash-map">6.1. 哈希表(Hash Map)<a class="headerlink" href="#61-hash-map" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h1>
|
||||||
<p>哈希表通过建立「键 key」和「值 value」之间的映射,实现高效的元素查找。具体地,输入一个 key ,在哈希表中查询并获取 value ,时间复杂度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(1)\)</span> 。</p>
|
<p>哈希表通过建立「键 key」和「值 value」之间的映射,实现高效的元素查找。具体地,输入一个 key ,在哈希表中查询并获取 value ,时间复杂度为 <span class="arithmatex">\(O(1)\)</span> 。</p>
|
||||||
<p>例如,给定一个包含 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> 个学生的数据库,每个学生有“姓名 <code>name</code> ”和“学号 <code>id</code> ”两项数据,希望实现一个查询功能:<strong>输入一个学号,返回对应的姓名</strong>,则可以使用哈希表实现。</p>
|
<p>例如,给定一个包含 <span class="arithmatex">\(n\)</span> 个学生的数据库,每个学生有“姓名 <code>name</code> ”和“学号 <code>id</code> ”两项数据,希望实现一个查询功能:<strong>输入一个学号,返回对应的姓名</strong>,则可以使用哈希表实现。</p>
|
||||||
<p><img alt="哈希表的抽象表示" src="../hash_map.assets/hash_map.png" /></p>
|
<p><img alt="哈希表的抽象表示" src="../hash_map.assets/hash_map.png" /></p>
|
||||||
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||||||
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||||||
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||||||
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|
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|
||||||
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||||||
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||||||
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||||||
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||||||
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|
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|
||||||
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||||||
4.2. 链表(LinkedList)
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||||||
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|
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|
||||||
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||||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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|
||||||
<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_map/" class="md-nav__link">
|
<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_map/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||||
6.1. 哈希表(HashMap)
|
6.1. 哈希表(Hash Map)
|
||||||
</a>
|
</a>
|
||||||
</li>
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||||||
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||||||
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|
||||||
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||||||
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||||||
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|
||||||
<h1 id="81">8.1. 堆<a class="headerlink" href="#81" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h1>
|
<h1 id="81-heap">8.1. 堆(Heap)<a class="headerlink" href="#81-heap" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h1>
|
||||||
<p>「堆 Heap」是一棵限定条件下的「完全二叉树」。根据成立条件,堆主要分为两种类型:</p>
|
<p>「堆 Heap」是一棵限定条件下的「完全二叉树」。根据成立条件,堆主要分为两种类型:</p>
|
||||||
<ul>
|
<ul>
|
||||||
<li>「大顶堆 Max Heap」,任意结点的值 <span class="arithmatex">\(\geq\)</span> 其子结点的值;</li>
|
<li>「大顶堆 Max Heap」,任意结点的值 <span class="arithmatex">\(\geq\)</span> 其子结点的值;</li>
|
||||||
|
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|
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|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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|
||||||
<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/" class="md-nav__link">
|
<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||||
4.2. 链表(LinkedList)
|
4.2. 链表(Linked List)
|
||||||
</a>
|
</a>
|
||||||
</li>
|
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||||||
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||||||
|
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|
||||||
|
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||||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
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|
||||||
<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_map/" class="md-nav__link">
|
<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_map/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||||
6.1. 哈希表(HashMap)
|
6.1. 哈希表(Hash Map)
|
||||||
</a>
|
</a>
|
||||||
</li>
|
</li>
|
||||||
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||||||
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|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||||
<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/" class="md-nav__link">
|
<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||||
4.2. 链表(LinkedList)
|
4.2. 链表(Linked List)
|
||||||
</a>
|
</a>
|
||||||
</li>
|
</li>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
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|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||||
<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_map/" class="md-nav__link">
|
<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_map/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||||
6.1. 哈希表(HashMap)
|
6.1. 哈希表(Hash Map)
|
||||||
</a>
|
</a>
|
||||||
</li>
|
</li>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
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|
@ -776,7 +776,7 @@
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||||
<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/" class="md-nav__link">
|
<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||||
4.2. 链表(LinkedList)
|
4.2. 链表(Linked List)
|
||||||
</a>
|
</a>
|
||||||
</li>
|
</li>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -966,7 +966,7 @@
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||||
<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_map/" class="md-nav__link">
|
<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_map/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||||
6.1. 哈希表(HashMap)
|
6.1. 哈希表(Hash Map)
|
||||||
</a>
|
</a>
|
||||||
</li>
|
</li>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
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|
@ -737,7 +737,7 @@
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||||
<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/" class="md-nav__link">
|
<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||||
4.2. 链表(LinkedList)
|
4.2. 链表(Linked List)
|
||||||
</a>
|
</a>
|
||||||
</li>
|
</li>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -927,7 +927,7 @@
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||||
<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_map/" class="md-nav__link">
|
<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_map/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||||
6.1. 哈希表(HashMap)
|
6.1. 哈希表(Hash Map)
|
||||||
</a>
|
</a>
|
||||||
</li>
|
</li>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
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|
@ -779,7 +779,7 @@
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||||
<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/" class="md-nav__link">
|
<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||||
4.2. 链表(LinkedList)
|
4.2. 链表(Linked List)
|
||||||
</a>
|
</a>
|
||||||
</li>
|
</li>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -969,7 +969,7 @@
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||||
<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_map/" class="md-nav__link">
|
<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_map/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||||
6.1. 哈希表(HashMap)
|
6.1. 哈希表(Hash Map)
|
||||||
</a>
|
</a>
|
||||||
</li>
|
</li>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -771,7 +771,7 @@
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||||
<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/" class="md-nav__link">
|
<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||||
4.2. 链表(LinkedList)
|
4.2. 链表(Linked List)
|
||||||
</a>
|
</a>
|
||||||
</li>
|
</li>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -961,7 +961,7 @@
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||||
<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_map/" class="md-nav__link">
|
<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_map/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||||
6.1. 哈希表(HashMap)
|
6.1. 哈希表(Hash Map)
|
||||||
</a>
|
</a>
|
||||||
</li>
|
</li>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -678,7 +678,7 @@
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||||
<a href="../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/" class="md-nav__link">
|
<a href="../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||||
4.2. 链表(LinkedList)
|
4.2. 链表(Linked List)
|
||||||
</a>
|
</a>
|
||||||
</li>
|
</li>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -868,7 +868,7 @@
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||||
<a href="../chapter_hashing/hash_map/" class="md-nav__link">
|
<a href="../chapter_hashing/hash_map/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||||
6.1. 哈希表(HashMap)
|
6.1. 哈希表(Hash Map)
|
||||||
</a>
|
</a>
|
||||||
</li>
|
</li>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -680,7 +680,7 @@
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||||
<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/" class="md-nav__link">
|
<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||||
4.2. 链表(LinkedList)
|
4.2. 链表(Linked List)
|
||||||
</a>
|
</a>
|
||||||
</li>
|
</li>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -870,7 +870,7 @@
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||||
<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_map/" class="md-nav__link">
|
<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_map/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||||
6.1. 哈希表(HashMap)
|
6.1. 哈希表(Hash Map)
|
||||||
</a>
|
</a>
|
||||||
</li>
|
</li>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -680,7 +680,7 @@
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||||
<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/" class="md-nav__link">
|
<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||||
4.2. 链表(LinkedList)
|
4.2. 链表(Linked List)
|
||||||
</a>
|
</a>
|
||||||
</li>
|
</li>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -870,7 +870,7 @@
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||||
<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_map/" class="md-nav__link">
|
<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_map/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||||
6.1. 哈希表(HashMap)
|
6.1. 哈希表(Hash Map)
|
||||||
</a>
|
</a>
|
||||||
</li>
|
</li>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -680,7 +680,7 @@
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||||
<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/" class="md-nav__link">
|
<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||||
4.2. 链表(LinkedList)
|
4.2. 链表(Linked List)
|
||||||
</a>
|
</a>
|
||||||
</li>
|
</li>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -870,7 +870,7 @@
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||||
<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_map/" class="md-nav__link">
|
<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_map/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||||
6.1. 哈希表(HashMap)
|
6.1. 哈希表(Hash Map)
|
||||||
</a>
|
</a>
|
||||||
</li>
|
</li>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -680,7 +680,7 @@
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||||
<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/" class="md-nav__link">
|
<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||||
4.2. 链表(LinkedList)
|
4.2. 链表(Linked List)
|
||||||
</a>
|
</a>
|
||||||
</li>
|
</li>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -870,7 +870,7 @@
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||||
<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_map/" class="md-nav__link">
|
<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_map/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||||
6.1. 哈希表(HashMap)
|
6.1. 哈希表(Hash Map)
|
||||||
</a>
|
</a>
|
||||||
</li>
|
</li>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -680,7 +680,7 @@
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||||
<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/" class="md-nav__link">
|
<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||||
4.2. 链表(LinkedList)
|
4.2. 链表(Linked List)
|
||||||
</a>
|
</a>
|
||||||
</li>
|
</li>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -870,7 +870,7 @@
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||||
<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_map/" class="md-nav__link">
|
<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_map/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||||
6.1. 哈希表(HashMap)
|
6.1. 哈希表(Hash Map)
|
||||||
</a>
|
</a>
|
||||||
</li>
|
</li>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -680,7 +680,7 @@
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||||
<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/" class="md-nav__link">
|
<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||||
4.2. 链表(LinkedList)
|
4.2. 链表(Linked List)
|
||||||
</a>
|
</a>
|
||||||
</li>
|
</li>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -870,7 +870,7 @@
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||||
<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_map/" class="md-nav__link">
|
<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_map/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||||
6.1. 哈希表(HashMap)
|
6.1. 哈希表(Hash Map)
|
||||||
</a>
|
</a>
|
||||||
</li>
|
</li>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -680,7 +680,7 @@
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||||
<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/" class="md-nav__link">
|
<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||||
4.2. 链表(LinkedList)
|
4.2. 链表(Linked List)
|
||||||
</a>
|
</a>
|
||||||
</li>
|
</li>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -870,7 +870,7 @@
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||||
<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_map/" class="md-nav__link">
|
<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_map/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||||
6.1. 哈希表(HashMap)
|
6.1. 哈希表(Hash Map)
|
||||||
</a>
|
</a>
|
||||||
</li>
|
</li>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -680,7 +680,7 @@
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||||
<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/" class="md-nav__link">
|
<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||||
4.2. 链表(LinkedList)
|
4.2. 链表(Linked List)
|
||||||
</a>
|
</a>
|
||||||
</li>
|
</li>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -870,7 +870,7 @@
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||||
<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_map/" class="md-nav__link">
|
<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_map/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||||
6.1. 哈希表(HashMap)
|
6.1. 哈希表(Hash Map)
|
||||||
</a>
|
</a>
|
||||||
</li>
|
</li>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -680,7 +680,7 @@
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||||
<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/" class="md-nav__link">
|
<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||||
4.2. 链表(LinkedList)
|
4.2. 链表(Linked List)
|
||||||
</a>
|
</a>
|
||||||
</li>
|
</li>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -870,7 +870,7 @@
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||||
<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_map/" class="md-nav__link">
|
<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_map/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||||
6.1. 哈希表(HashMap)
|
6.1. 哈希表(Hash Map)
|
||||||
</a>
|
</a>
|
||||||
</li>
|
</li>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -680,7 +680,7 @@
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||||
<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/" class="md-nav__link">
|
<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||||
4.2. 链表(LinkedList)
|
4.2. 链表(Linked List)
|
||||||
</a>
|
</a>
|
||||||
</li>
|
</li>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
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<h1 id="53">5.3. 双向队列<a class="headerlink" href="#53" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h1>
|
<h1 id="53-deque">5.3. 双向队列(Deque)<a class="headerlink" href="#53-deque" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h1>
|
||||||
<p>对于队列,我们只能在头部删除或在尾部添加元素,而「双向队列 Deque」更加灵活,在其头部和尾部都能执行元素添加或删除操作。</p>
|
<p>对于队列,我们只能在头部删除或在尾部添加元素,而「双向队列 Deque」更加灵活,在其头部和尾部都能执行元素添加或删除操作。</p>
|
||||||
<p><img alt="双向队列的操作" src="../deque.assets/deque_operations.png" /></p>
|
<p><img alt="双向队列的操作" src="../deque.assets/deque_operations.png" /></p>
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||||||
<p align="center"> Fig. 双向队列的操作 </p>
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<p align="center"> Fig. 双向队列的操作 </p>
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<h1 id="52">5.2. 队列<a class="headerlink" href="#52" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h1>
|
<h1 id="52-queue">5.2. 队列(Queue)<a class="headerlink" href="#52-queue" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h1>
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||||||
<p>「队列 Queue」是一种遵循「先入先出 first in, first out」数据操作规则的线性数据结构。顾名思义,队列模拟的是排队现象,即外面的人不断加入队列尾部,而处于队列头部的人不断地离开。</p>
|
<p>「队列 Queue」是一种遵循「先入先出 first in, first out」数据操作规则的线性数据结构。顾名思义,队列模拟的是排队现象,即外面的人不断加入队列尾部,而处于队列头部的人不断地离开。</p>
|
||||||
<p>我们将队列头部称为「队首」,队列尾部称为「队尾」,将把元素加入队尾的操作称为「入队」,删除队首元素的操作称为「出队」。</p>
|
<p>我们将队列头部称为「队首」,队列尾部称为「队尾」,将把元素加入队尾的操作称为「入队」,删除队首元素的操作称为「出队」。</p>
|
||||||
<p><img alt="队列的先入先出规则" src="../queue.assets/queue_operations.png" /></p>
|
<p><img alt="队列的先入先出规则" src="../queue.assets/queue_operations.png" /></p>
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<h1 id="51">5.1. 栈<a class="headerlink" href="#51" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h1>
|
<h1 id="51-stack">5.1. 栈(Stack)<a class="headerlink" href="#51-stack" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h1>
|
||||||
<p>「栈 Stack」是一种遵循「先入后出 first in, last out」数据操作规则的线性数据结构。我们可以将栈类比为放在桌面上的一摞盘子,如果需要拿出底部的盘子,则需要先将上面的盘子依次取出。</p>
|
<p>「栈 Stack」是一种遵循「先入后出 first in, last out」数据操作规则的线性数据结构。我们可以将栈类比为放在桌面上的一摞盘子,如果需要拿出底部的盘子,则需要先将上面的盘子依次取出。</p>
|
||||||
<p>“盘子”是一种形象比喻,我们将盘子替换为任意一种元素(例如整数、字符、对象等),就得到了栈数据结构。</p>
|
<p>“盘子”是一种形象比喻,我们将盘子替换为任意一种元素(例如整数、字符、对象等),就得到了栈数据结构。</p>
|
||||||
<p>我们将这一摞元素的顶部称为「栈顶」,将底部称为「栈底」,将把元素添加到栈顶的操作称为「入栈」,将删除栈顶元素的操作称为「出栈」。</p>
|
<p>我们将这一摞元素的顶部称为「栈顶」,将底部称为「栈底」,将把元素添加到栈顶的操作称为「入栈」,将删除栈顶元素的操作称为「出栈」。</p>
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||||||
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<h1 id="71">7.1. 二叉树<a class="headerlink" href="#71" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h1>
|
<h1 id="71-binary-tree">7.1. 二叉树(Binary Tree)<a class="headerlink" href="#71-binary-tree" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h1>
|
||||||
<p>「二叉树 Binary Tree」是一种非线性数据结构,代表着祖先与后代之间的派生关系,体现着“一分为二”的分治逻辑。类似于链表,二叉树也是以结点为单位存储的,结点包含「值」和两个「指针」。</p>
|
<p>「二叉树 Binary Tree」是一种非线性数据结构,代表着祖先与后代之间的派生关系,体现着“一分为二”的分治逻辑。类似于链表,二叉树也是以结点为单位存储的,结点包含「值」和两个「指针」。</p>
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||||||
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="1:10"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_1_1" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_2" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_3" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_4" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_5" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_6" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_7" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_8" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_9" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_10" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_1_1">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_1_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_1_3">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_1_4">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_1_5">JavaScript</label><label for="__tabbed_1_6">TypeScript</label><label for="__tabbed_1_7">C</label><label for="__tabbed_1_8">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_1_9">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_1_10">Zig</label></div>
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<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="1:10"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_1_1" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_2" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_3" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_4" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_5" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_6" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_7" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_8" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_9" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_10" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_1_1">Java</label><label for="__tabbed_1_2">C++</label><label for="__tabbed_1_3">Python</label><label for="__tabbed_1_4">Go</label><label for="__tabbed_1_5">JavaScript</label><label for="__tabbed_1_6">TypeScript</label><label for="__tabbed_1_7">C</label><label for="__tabbed_1_8">C#</label><label for="__tabbed_1_9">Swift</label><label for="__tabbed_1_10">Zig</label></div>
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||||||
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|
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|
||||||
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|
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|
||||||
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|
||||||
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||||||
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||||||
6.1. 哈希表(HashMap)
|
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||||||
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||||||
</li>
|
</li>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -680,7 +680,7 @@
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||||
<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/" class="md-nav__link">
|
<a href="../../chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||||
4.2. 链表(LinkedList)
|
4.2. 链表(Linked List)
|
||||||
</a>
|
</a>
|
||||||
</li>
|
</li>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -870,7 +870,7 @@
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||||
<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_map/" class="md-nav__link">
|
<a href="../../chapter_hashing/hash_map/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||||
6.1. 哈希表(HashMap)
|
6.1. 哈希表(Hash Map)
|
||||||
</a>
|
</a>
|
||||||
</li>
|
</li>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
@ -673,7 +673,7 @@
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||||
<a href="chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/" class="md-nav__link">
|
<a href="chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||||
4.2. 链表(LinkedList)
|
4.2. 链表(Linked List)
|
||||||
</a>
|
</a>
|
||||||
</li>
|
</li>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
@ -863,7 +863,7 @@
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||||
<a href="chapter_hashing/hash_map/" class="md-nav__link">
|
<a href="chapter_hashing/hash_map/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||||
6.1. 哈希表(HashMap)
|
6.1. 哈希表(Hash Map)
|
||||||
</a>
|
</a>
|
||||||
</li>
|
</li>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
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