mirror of
https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo.git
synced 2024-12-26 01:16:28 +08:00
feat: add Swift codes for avl_tree article (#302)
This commit is contained in:
parent
f58068c838
commit
af8ee88e50
3 changed files with 394 additions and 4 deletions
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@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ let package = Package(
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.executable(name: "binary_tree_bfs", targets: ["binary_tree_bfs"]),
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.executable(name: "binary_tree_bfs", targets: ["binary_tree_bfs"]),
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.executable(name: "binary_tree_dfs", targets: ["binary_tree_dfs"]),
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.executable(name: "binary_tree_dfs", targets: ["binary_tree_dfs"]),
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.executable(name: "binary_search_tree", targets: ["binary_search_tree"]),
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.executable(name: "binary_search_tree", targets: ["binary_search_tree"]),
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.executable(name: "avl_tree", targets: ["avl_tree"]),
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],
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],
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targets: [
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targets: [
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.target(name: "utils", path: "utils"),
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.target(name: "utils", path: "utils"),
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@ -50,5 +51,6 @@ let package = Package(
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.executableTarget(name: "binary_tree_bfs", dependencies: ["utils"], path: "chapter_tree", sources: ["binary_tree_bfs.swift"]),
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.executableTarget(name: "binary_tree_bfs", dependencies: ["utils"], path: "chapter_tree", sources: ["binary_tree_bfs.swift"]),
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.executableTarget(name: "binary_tree_dfs", dependencies: ["utils"], path: "chapter_tree", sources: ["binary_tree_dfs.swift"]),
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.executableTarget(name: "binary_tree_dfs", dependencies: ["utils"], path: "chapter_tree", sources: ["binary_tree_dfs.swift"]),
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.executableTarget(name: "binary_search_tree", dependencies: ["utils"], path: "chapter_tree", sources: ["binary_search_tree.swift"]),
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.executableTarget(name: "binary_search_tree", dependencies: ["utils"], path: "chapter_tree", sources: ["binary_search_tree.swift"]),
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.executableTarget(name: "avl_tree", dependencies: ["utils"], path: "chapter_tree", sources: ["avl_tree.swift"]),
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]
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]
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)
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)
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242
codes/swift/chapter_tree/avl_tree.swift
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242
codes/swift/chapter_tree/avl_tree.swift
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@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
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/**
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* File: avl_tree.swift
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* Created Time: 2023-01-28
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* Author: nuomi1 (nuomi1@qq.com)
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*/
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import utils
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// Tree class
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class AVLTree {
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fileprivate var root: TreeNode? // 根节点
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/* 获取结点高度 */
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func height(node: TreeNode?) -> Int {
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// 空结点高度为 -1 ,叶结点高度为 0
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node == nil ? -1 : node!.height
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}
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/* 更新结点高度 */
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private func updateHeight(node: TreeNode?) {
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// 结点高度等于最高子树高度 + 1
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node?.height = max(height(node: node?.left), height(node: node?.right)) + 1
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}
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/* 获取平衡因子 */
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func balanceFactor(node: TreeNode?) -> Int {
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// 空结点平衡因子为 0
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guard let node = node else { return 0 }
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// 结点平衡因子 = 左子树高度 - 右子树高度
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return height(node: node.left) - height(node: node.right)
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}
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/* 右旋操作 */
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private func rightRotate(node: TreeNode?) -> TreeNode? {
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let child = node?.left
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let grandChild = child?.right
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// 以 child 为原点,将 node 向右旋转
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child?.right = node
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node?.left = grandChild
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// 更新结点高度
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updateHeight(node: node)
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updateHeight(node: child)
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// 返回旋转后子树的根节点
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return child
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}
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/* 左旋操作 */
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private func leftRotate(node: TreeNode?) -> TreeNode? {
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let child = node?.right
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let grandChild = child?.left
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// 以 child 为原点,将 node 向左旋转
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child?.left = node
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node?.right = grandChild
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// 更新结点高度
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updateHeight(node: node)
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updateHeight(node: child)
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// 返回旋转后子树的根节点
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return child
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}
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/* 执行旋转操作,使该子树重新恢复平衡 */
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private func rotate(node: TreeNode?) -> TreeNode? {
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// 获取结点 node 的平衡因子
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let balanceFactor = balanceFactor(node: node)
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// 左偏树
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if balanceFactor > 1 {
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if self.balanceFactor(node: node?.left) >= 0 {
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// 右旋
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return rightRotate(node: node)
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} else {
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// 先左旋后右旋
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node?.left = leftRotate(node: node?.left)
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return rightRotate(node: node)
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}
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}
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// 右偏树
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if balanceFactor < -1 {
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if self.balanceFactor(node: node?.right) <= 0 {
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// 左旋
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return leftRotate(node: node)
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} else {
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// 先右旋后左旋
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node?.right = rightRotate(node: node?.right)
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return leftRotate(node: node)
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}
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}
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// 平衡树,无需旋转,直接返回
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return node
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}
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/* 插入结点 */
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@discardableResult
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func insert(val: Int) -> TreeNode? {
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root = insertHelper(node: root, val: val)
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return root
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}
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/* 递归插入结点(辅助函数) */
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private func insertHelper(node: TreeNode?, val: Int) -> TreeNode? {
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var node = node
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if node == nil {
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return TreeNode(x: val)
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}
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/* 1. 查找插入位置,并插入结点 */
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if val < node!.val {
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node?.left = insertHelper(node: node?.left, val: val)
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} else if val > node!.val {
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node?.right = insertHelper(node: node?.right, val: val)
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} else {
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return node // 重复结点不插入,直接返回
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}
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updateHeight(node: node) // 更新结点高度
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/* 2. 执行旋转操作,使该子树重新恢复平衡 */
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node = rotate(node: node)
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// 返回子树的根节点
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return node
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}
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/* 删除结点 */
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@discardableResult
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func remove(val: Int) -> TreeNode? {
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root = removeHelper(node: root, val: val)
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return root
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}
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/* 递归删除结点(辅助函数) */
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private func removeHelper(node: TreeNode?, val: Int) -> TreeNode? {
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var node = node
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if node == nil {
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return nil
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}
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/* 1. 查找结点,并删除之 */
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if val < node!.val {
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node?.left = removeHelper(node: node?.left, val: val)
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} else if val > node!.val {
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node?.right = removeHelper(node: node?.right, val: val)
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} else {
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if node?.left == nil || node?.right == nil {
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let child = node?.left != nil ? node?.left : node?.right
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// 子结点数量 = 0 ,直接删除 node 并返回
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if child == nil {
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return nil
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}
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// 子结点数量 = 1 ,直接删除 node
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else {
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node = child
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}
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} else {
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// 子结点数量 = 2 ,则将中序遍历的下个结点删除,并用该结点替换当前结点
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let temp = getInOrderNext(node: node?.right)
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node?.right = removeHelper(node: node?.right, val: temp!.val)
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node?.val = temp!.val
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}
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}
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updateHeight(node: node) // 更新结点高度
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/* 2. 执行旋转操作,使该子树重新恢复平衡 */
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node = rotate(node: node)
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// 返回子树的根节点
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return node
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}
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/* 获取中序遍历中的下一个结点(仅适用于 root 有左子结点的情况) */
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private func getInOrderNext(node: TreeNode?) -> TreeNode? {
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var node = node
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if node == nil {
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return node
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}
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// 循环访问左子结点,直到叶结点时为最小结点,跳出
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while node?.left != nil {
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node = node?.left
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}
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return node
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}
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/* 查找结点 */
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func search(val: Int) -> TreeNode? {
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var cur = root
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while cur != nil {
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// 目标结点在 cur 的右子树中
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if cur!.val < val {
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cur = cur?.right
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}
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// 目标结点在 cur 的左子树中
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else if cur!.val > val {
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cur = cur?.left
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}
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// 找到目标结点,跳出循环
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else {
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break
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}
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}
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// 返回目标结点
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return cur
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}
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}
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@main
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enum _AVLTree {
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static func testInsert(tree: AVLTree, val: Int) {
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tree.insert(val: val)
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print("\n插入结点 \(val) 后,AVL 树为")
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PrintUtil.printTree(root: tree.root)
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}
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static func testRemove(tree: AVLTree, val: Int) {
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tree.remove(val: val)
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print("\n删除结点 \(val) 后,AVL 树为")
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PrintUtil.printTree(root: tree.root)
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}
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/* Driver Code */
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static func main() {
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/* 初始化空 AVL 树 */
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let avlTree = AVLTree()
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/* 插入结点 */
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// 请关注插入结点后,AVL 树是如何保持平衡的
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testInsert(tree: avlTree, val: 1)
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testInsert(tree: avlTree, val: 2)
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testInsert(tree: avlTree, val: 3)
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testInsert(tree: avlTree, val: 4)
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testInsert(tree: avlTree, val: 5)
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testInsert(tree: avlTree, val: 8)
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testInsert(tree: avlTree, val: 7)
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testInsert(tree: avlTree, val: 9)
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testInsert(tree: avlTree, val: 10)
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testInsert(tree: avlTree, val: 6)
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/* 插入重复结点 */
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testInsert(tree: avlTree, val: 7)
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/* 删除结点 */
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// 请关注删除结点后,AVL 树是如何保持平衡的
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testRemove(tree: avlTree, val: 8) // 删除度为 0 的结点
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testRemove(tree: avlTree, val: 5) // 删除度为 1 的结点
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testRemove(tree: avlTree, val: 4) // 删除度为 2 的结点
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/* 查询结点 */
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let node = avlTree.search(val: 7)
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print("\n查找到的结点对象为 \(node!),结点值 = \(node!.val)")
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}
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}
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@ -103,7 +103,18 @@ G. M. Adelson-Velsky 和 E. M. Landis 在其 1962 年发表的论文 "An algorit
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=== "Swift"
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=== "Swift"
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```swift title="avl_tree.swift"
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```swift title="avl_tree.swift"
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/* AVL 树结点类 */
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class TreeNode {
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var val: Int // 结点值
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var height: Int // 结点高度
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var left: TreeNode? // 左子结点
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var right: TreeNode? // 右子结点
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init(x: Int) {
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val = x
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height = 0
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}
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}
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```
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```
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「结点高度」是最远叶结点到该结点的距离,即走过的「边」的数量。需要特别注意,**叶结点的高度为 0 ,空结点的高度为 -1**。我们封装两个工具函数,分别用于获取与更新结点的高度。
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「结点高度」是最远叶结点到该结点的距离,即走过的「边」的数量。需要特别注意,**叶结点的高度为 0 ,空结点的高度为 -1**。我们封装两个工具函数,分别用于获取与更新结点的高度。
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@ -210,7 +221,17 @@ G. M. Adelson-Velsky 和 E. M. Landis 在其 1962 年发表的论文 "An algorit
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=== "Swift"
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=== "Swift"
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```swift title="avl_tree.swift"
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```swift title="avl_tree.swift"
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/* 获取结点高度 */
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func height(node: TreeNode?) -> Int {
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// 空结点高度为 -1 ,叶结点高度为 0
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node == nil ? -1 : node!.height
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}
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/* 更新结点高度 */
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func updateHeight(node: TreeNode?) {
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// 结点高度等于最高子树高度 + 1
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node?.height = max(height(node: node?.left), height(node: node?.right)) + 1
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}
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```
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```
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### 结点平衡因子
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### 结点平衡因子
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@ -295,7 +316,13 @@ G. M. Adelson-Velsky 和 E. M. Landis 在其 1962 年发表的论文 "An algorit
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=== "Swift"
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=== "Swift"
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```swift title="avl_tree.swift"
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```swift title="avl_tree.swift"
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/* 获取平衡因子 */
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func balanceFactor(node: TreeNode?) -> Int {
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// 空结点平衡因子为 0
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guard let node = node else { return 0 }
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// 结点平衡因子 = 左子树高度 - 右子树高度
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return height(node: node.left) - height(node: node.right)
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}
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```
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```
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!!! note
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!!! note
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@ -427,7 +454,19 @@ AVL 树的独特之处在于「旋转 Rotation」的操作,其可 **在不影
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=== "Swift"
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=== "Swift"
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```swift title="avl_tree.swift"
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```swift title="avl_tree.swift"
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/* 右旋操作 */
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func rightRotate(node: TreeNode?) -> TreeNode? {
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let child = node?.left
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let grandChild = child?.right
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// 以 child 为原点,将 node 向右旋转
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child?.right = node
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node?.left = grandChild
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// 更新结点高度
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updateHeight(node: node)
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updateHeight(node: child)
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// 返回旋转后子树的根节点
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return child
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}
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```
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```
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### Case 2 - 左旋
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### Case 2 - 左旋
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@ -541,7 +580,19 @@ AVL 树的独特之处在于「旋转 Rotation」的操作,其可 **在不影
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=== "Swift"
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=== "Swift"
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```swift title="avl_tree.swift"
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```swift title="avl_tree.swift"
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/* 左旋操作 */
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func leftRotate(node: TreeNode?) -> TreeNode? {
|
||||||
|
let child = node?.right
|
||||||
|
let grandChild = child?.left
|
||||||
|
// 以 child 为原点,将 node 向左旋转
|
||||||
|
child?.left = node
|
||||||
|
node?.right = grandChild
|
||||||
|
// 更新结点高度
|
||||||
|
updateHeight(node: node)
|
||||||
|
updateHeight(node: child)
|
||||||
|
// 返回旋转后子树的根节点
|
||||||
|
return child
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
```
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### Case 3 - 先左后右
|
### Case 3 - 先左后右
|
||||||
|
@ -745,7 +796,35 @@ AVL 树的独特之处在于「旋转 Rotation」的操作,其可 **在不影
|
||||||
=== "Swift"
|
=== "Swift"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```swift title="avl_tree.swift"
|
```swift title="avl_tree.swift"
|
||||||
|
/* 执行旋转操作,使该子树重新恢复平衡 */
|
||||||
|
func rotate(node: TreeNode?) -> TreeNode? {
|
||||||
|
// 获取结点 node 的平衡因子
|
||||||
|
let balanceFactor = balanceFactor(node: node)
|
||||||
|
// 左偏树
|
||||||
|
if balanceFactor > 1 {
|
||||||
|
if self.balanceFactor(node: node?.left) >= 0 {
|
||||||
|
// 右旋
|
||||||
|
return rightRotate(node: node)
|
||||||
|
} else {
|
||||||
|
// 先左旋后右旋
|
||||||
|
node?.left = leftRotate(node: node?.left)
|
||||||
|
return rightRotate(node: node)
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
// 右偏树
|
||||||
|
if balanceFactor < -1 {
|
||||||
|
if self.balanceFactor(node: node?.right) <= 0 {
|
||||||
|
// 左旋
|
||||||
|
return leftRotate(node: node)
|
||||||
|
} else {
|
||||||
|
// 先右旋后左旋
|
||||||
|
node?.right = rightRotate(node: node?.right)
|
||||||
|
return leftRotate(node: node)
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
// 平衡树,无需旋转,直接返回
|
||||||
|
return node
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
```
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## AVL 树常用操作
|
## AVL 树常用操作
|
||||||
|
@ -894,7 +973,33 @@ AVL 树的独特之处在于「旋转 Rotation」的操作,其可 **在不影
|
||||||
=== "Swift"
|
=== "Swift"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```swift title="avl_tree.swift"
|
```swift title="avl_tree.swift"
|
||||||
|
/* 插入结点 */
|
||||||
|
@discardableResult
|
||||||
|
func insert(val: Int) -> TreeNode? {
|
||||||
|
root = insertHelper(node: root, val: val)
|
||||||
|
return root
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
/* 递归插入结点(辅助函数) */
|
||||||
|
func insertHelper(node: TreeNode?, val: Int) -> TreeNode? {
|
||||||
|
var node = node
|
||||||
|
if node == nil {
|
||||||
|
return TreeNode(x: val)
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
/* 1. 查找插入位置,并插入结点 */
|
||||||
|
if val < node!.val {
|
||||||
|
node?.left = insertHelper(node: node?.left, val: val)
|
||||||
|
} else if val > node!.val {
|
||||||
|
node?.right = insertHelper(node: node?.right, val: val)
|
||||||
|
} else {
|
||||||
|
return node // 重复结点不插入,直接返回
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
updateHeight(node: node) // 更新结点高度
|
||||||
|
/* 2. 执行旋转操作,使该子树重新恢复平衡 */
|
||||||
|
node = rotate(node: node)
|
||||||
|
// 返回子树的根节点
|
||||||
|
return node
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
```
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### 删除结点
|
### 删除结点
|
||||||
|
@ -1100,7 +1205,48 @@ AVL 树的独特之处在于「旋转 Rotation」的操作,其可 **在不影
|
||||||
=== "Swift"
|
=== "Swift"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```swift title="avl_tree.swift"
|
```swift title="avl_tree.swift"
|
||||||
|
/* 删除结点 */
|
||||||
|
@discardableResult
|
||||||
|
func remove(val: Int) -> TreeNode? {
|
||||||
|
root = removeHelper(node: root, val: val)
|
||||||
|
return root
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
/* 递归删除结点(辅助函数) */
|
||||||
|
func removeHelper(node: TreeNode?, val: Int) -> TreeNode? {
|
||||||
|
var node = node
|
||||||
|
if node == nil {
|
||||||
|
return nil
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
/* 1. 查找结点,并删除之 */
|
||||||
|
if val < node!.val {
|
||||||
|
node?.left = removeHelper(node: node?.left, val: val)
|
||||||
|
} else if val > node!.val {
|
||||||
|
node?.right = removeHelper(node: node?.right, val: val)
|
||||||
|
} else {
|
||||||
|
if node?.left == nil || node?.right == nil {
|
||||||
|
let child = node?.left != nil ? node?.left : node?.right
|
||||||
|
// 子结点数量 = 0 ,直接删除 node 并返回
|
||||||
|
if child == nil {
|
||||||
|
return nil
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
// 子结点数量 = 1 ,直接删除 node
|
||||||
|
else {
|
||||||
|
node = child
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
} else {
|
||||||
|
// 子结点数量 = 2 ,则将中序遍历的下个结点删除,并用该结点替换当前结点
|
||||||
|
let temp = getInOrderNext(node: node?.right)
|
||||||
|
node?.right = removeHelper(node: node?.right, val: temp!.val)
|
||||||
|
node?.val = temp!.val
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
updateHeight(node: node) // 更新结点高度
|
||||||
|
/* 2. 执行旋转操作,使该子树重新恢复平衡 */
|
||||||
|
node = rotate(node: node)
|
||||||
|
// 返回子树的根节点
|
||||||
|
return node
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
```
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### 查找结点
|
### 查找结点
|
||||||
|
|
Loading…
Reference in a new issue