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feat: add ruby code - chapter graph (#1303)
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116
codes/ruby/chapter_graph/graph_adjacency_list.rb
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116
codes/ruby/chapter_graph/graph_adjacency_list.rb
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=begin
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File: graph_adjacency_list.rb
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Created Time: 2024-04-25
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Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)
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=end
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require_relative '../utils/vertex'
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### 基于邻接表实现的无向图类 ###
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class GraphAdjList
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attr_reader :adj_list
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### 构造方法 ###
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def initialize(edges)
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# 邻接表,key:顶点,value:该顶点的所有邻接顶点
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@adj_list = {}
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# 添加所有顶点和边
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for edge in edges
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add_vertex(edge[0])
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add_vertex(edge[1])
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add_edge(edge[0], edge[1])
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end
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end
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### 获取顶点数量 ###
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def size
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@adj_list.length
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end
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### 添加边 ###
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def add_edge(vet1, vet2)
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raise ArgumentError if !@adj_list.include?(vet1) || !@adj_list.include?(vet2)
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@adj_list[vet1] << vet2
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@adj_list[vet2] << vet1
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end
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### 删除边 ###
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def remove_edge(vet1, vet2)
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raise ArgumentError if !@adj_list.include?(vet1) || !@adj_list.include?(vet2)
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# 删除边 vet1 - vet2
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@adj_list[vet1].delete(vet2)
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@adj_list[vet2].delete(vet1)
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end
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### 添加顶点 ###
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def add_vertex(vet)
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return if @adj_list.include?(vet)
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# 在邻接表中添加一个新链表
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@adj_list[vet] = []
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end
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### 删除顶点 ###
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def remove_vertex(vet)
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raise ArgumentError unless @adj_list.include?(vet)
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# 在邻接表中删除顶点 vet 对应的链表
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@adj_list.delete(vet)
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# 遍历其他顶点的链表,删除所有包含 vet 的边
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for vertex in @adj_list
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@adj_list[vertex.first].delete(vet) if @adj_list[vertex.first].include?(vet)
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end
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end
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### 打印邻接表 ###
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def __print__
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puts '邻接表 ='
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for vertex in @adj_list
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tmp = @adj_list[vertex.first].map { |v| v.val }
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puts "#{vertex.first.val}: #{tmp},"
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end
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end
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end
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### Driver Code ###
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if __FILE__ == $0
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# 初始化无向图
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v = vals_to_vets([1, 3, 2, 5, 4])
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edges = [
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[v[0], v[1]],
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[v[0], v[3]],
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[v[1], v[2]],
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[v[2], v[3]],
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[v[2], v[4]],
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[v[3], v[4]],
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]
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graph = GraphAdjList.new(edges)
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puts "\n初始化后,图为"
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graph.__print__
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# 添加边
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# 顶点 1,2 即 v[0],v[2]
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graph.add_edge(v[0], v[2])
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puts "\n添加边 1-2 后,图为"
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graph.__print__
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# 删除边
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# 顶点 1,3 即 v[0],v[1]
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graph.remove_edge(v[0], v[1])
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puts "\n删除边 1-3 后,图为"
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graph.__print__
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# 添加顶点
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v5 = Vertex.new(6)
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graph.add_vertex(v5)
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puts "\n添加顶点 6 后,图为"
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graph.__print__
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# 删除顶点
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# 顶点 3 即 v[1]
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graph.remove_vertex(v[1])
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puts "\n删除顶点 3 后,图为"
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graph.__print__
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end
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116
codes/ruby/chapter_graph/graph_adjacency_matrix.rb
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116
codes/ruby/chapter_graph/graph_adjacency_matrix.rb
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=begin
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File: graph_adjacency_matrix.rb
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Created Time: 2024-04-25
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Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)
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=end
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require_relative '../utils/print_util'
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### 基于邻接矩阵实现的无向图类 ###
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class GraphAdjMat
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def initialize(vertices, edges)
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### 构造方法 ###
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# 顶点列表,元素代表“顶点值”,索引代表“顶点索引”
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@vertices = []
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# 邻接矩阵,行列索引对应“顶点索引”
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@adj_mat = []
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# 添加顶点
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vertices.each { |val| add_vertex(val) }
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# 添加边
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# 请注意,edges 元素代表顶点索引,即对应 vertices 元素索引
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edges.each { |e| add_edge(e[0], e[1]) }
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end
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### 获取顶点数量 ###
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def size
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@vertices.length
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end
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### 添加顶点 ###
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def add_vertex(val)
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n = size
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# 向顶点列表中添加新顶点的值
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@vertices << val
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# 在邻接矩阵中添加一行
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new_row = Array.new(n, 0)
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@adj_mat << new_row
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# 在邻接矩阵中添加一列
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@adj_mat.each { |row| row << 0 }
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end
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### 删除顶点 ###
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def remove_vertex(index)
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raise IndexError if index >= size
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# 在顶点列表中移除索引 index 的顶点
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@vertices.delete_at(index)
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# 在邻接矩阵中删除索引 index 的行
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@adj_mat.delete_at(index)
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# 在邻接矩阵中删除索引 index 的列
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@adj_mat.each { |row| row.delete_at(index) }
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end
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### 添加边 ###
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def add_edge(i, j)
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# 参数 i, j 对应 vertices 元素索引
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# 索引越界与相等处理
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if i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= size || j >= size || i == j
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raise IndexError
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end
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# 在无向图中,邻接矩阵关于主对角线对称,即满足 (i, j) == (j, i)
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@adj_mat[i][j] = 1
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@adj_mat[j][i] = 1
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end
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### 删除边 ###
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def remove_edge(i, j)
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# 参数 i, j 对应 vertices 元素索引
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# 索引越界与相等处理
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if i < 0 || j < 0 || i >= size || j >= size || i == j
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raise IndexError
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end
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@adj_mat[i][j] = 0
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@adj_mat[j][i] = 0
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end
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### 打印邻接矩阵 ###
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def __print__
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puts "顶点列表 = #{@vertices}"
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puts '邻接矩阵 ='
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print_matrix(@adj_mat)
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end
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end
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### Driver Code ###
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if __FILE__ == $0
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# 初始化无向图
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# 请注意,edges 元素代表顶点索引,即对应 vertices 元素索引
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vertices = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4]
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edges = [[0, 1], [0, 3], [1, 2], [2, 3], [2, 4], [3, 4]]
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graph = GraphAdjMat.new(vertices, edges)
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puts "\n初始化后,图为"
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graph.__print__
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# 添加边
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# 顶点 1, 2 的索引分别为 0, 2
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graph.add_edge(0, 2)
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puts "\n添加边 1-2 后,图为"
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graph.__print__
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# 删除边
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# 定点 1, 3 的索引分别为 0, 1
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graph.remove_edge(0, 1)
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puts "\n删除边 1-3 后,图为"
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graph.__print__
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# 添加顶点
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graph.add_vertex(6)
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puts "\n添加顶点 6 后,图为"
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graph.__print__
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# 删除顶点
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# 顶点 3 的索引为 1
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graph.remove_vertex(1)
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puts "\n删除顶点 3 后,图为"
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graph.__print__
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end
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61
codes/ruby/chapter_graph/graph_bfs.rb
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codes/ruby/chapter_graph/graph_bfs.rb
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=begin
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File: graph_bfs.rb
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Created Time: 2024-04-25
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Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)
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=end
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require 'set'
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require_relative './graph_adjacency_list'
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require_relative '../utils/vertex'
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### 广度优先遍历 ###
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def graph_bfs(graph, start_vet)
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# 使用邻接表来表示图,以便获取指定顶点的所有邻接顶点
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# 顶点遍历序列
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res = []
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# 哈希表,用于记录已被访问过的顶点
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visited = Set.new([start_vet])
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# 队列用于实现 BFS
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que = [start_vet]
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# 以顶点 vet 为起点,循环直至访问完所有顶点
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while que.length > 0
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vet = que.shift # 队首顶点出队
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res << vet # 记录访问顶点
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# 遍历该顶点的所有邻接顶点
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for adj_vet in graph.adj_list[vet]
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next if visited.include?(adj_vet) # 跳过已被访问的顶点
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que << adj_vet # 只入队未访问的顶点
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visited.add(adj_vet) # 标记该顶点已被访问
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end
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end
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# 返回顶点遍历序列
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res
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end
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### Driver Code ###
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if __FILE__ == $0
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# 初始化无向图
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v = vals_to_vets([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])
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edges = [
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[v[0], v[1]],
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[v[0], v[3]],
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[v[1], v[2]],
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[v[1], v[4]],
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[v[2], v[5]],
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[v[3], v[4]],
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[v[3], v[6]],
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[v[4], v[5]],
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[v[4], v[7]],
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[v[5], v[8]],
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[v[6], v[7]],
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[v[7], v[8]],
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]
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graph = GraphAdjList.new(edges)
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puts "\n初始化后,图为"
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graph.__print__
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# 广度优先遍历
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res = graph_bfs(graph, v.first)
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puts "\n广度优先便利(BFS)顶点序列为"
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p vets_to_vals(res)
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end
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54
codes/ruby/chapter_graph/graph_dfs.rb
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codes/ruby/chapter_graph/graph_dfs.rb
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=begin
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File: graph_dfs.rb
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Created Time: 2024-04-25
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Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)
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=end
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require 'set'
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require_relative './graph_adjacency_list'
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require_relative '../utils/vertex'
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### 深度优先遍历辅助函数 ###
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def dfs(graph, visited, res, vet)
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res << vet # 记录访问顶点
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visited.add(vet) # 标记该顶点已被访问
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# 遍历该顶点的所有邻接顶点
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for adj_vet in graph.adj_list[vet]
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next if visited.include?(adj_vet) # 跳过已被访问的顶点
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# 递归访问邻接顶点
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dfs(graph, visited, res, adj_vet)
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end
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end
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### 深度优先遍历 ###
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def graph_dfs(graph, start_vet)
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# 使用邻接表来表示图,以便获取指定顶点的所有邻接顶点
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# 顶点遍历序列
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res = []
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# 哈希表,用于记录已被访问过的顶点
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visited = Set.new
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dfs(graph, visited, res, start_vet)
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res
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end
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### Driver Code ###
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if __FILE__ == $0
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# 初始化无向图
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v = vals_to_vets([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])
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edges = [
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[v[0], v[1]],
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[v[0], v[3]],
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[v[1], v[2]],
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[v[2], v[5]],
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[v[4], v[5]],
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[v[5], v[6]],
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]
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graph = GraphAdjList.new(edges)
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puts "\n初始化后,图为"
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graph.__print__
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# 深度优先遍历
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res = graph_dfs(graph, v[0])
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puts "\n深度优先遍历(DFS)顶点序列为"
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p vets_to_vals(res)
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end
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@ -4,6 +4,13 @@ Created Time: 2024-03-18
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Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)
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=end
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### 打印矩阵 ###
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def print_matrix(mat)
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s = []
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mat.each { |arr| s << " #{arr.to_s}" }
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puts "[\n#{s.join(",\n")}\n]"
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end
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### 打印链表 ###
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def print_linked_list(head)
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list = []
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24
codes/ruby/utils/vertex.rb
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24
codes/ruby/utils/vertex.rb
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=begin
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File: vertex.rb
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Created Time: 2024-04-25
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Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)
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=end
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### 顶点类 ###
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class Vertex
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attr_accessor :val
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def initialize(val)
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@val = val
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end
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end
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### 输入值列表 vals ,返回顶点列表 vets ###
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def vals_to_vets(vals)
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Array.new(vals.length) { |i| Vertex.new(vals[i]) }
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end
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### 输入顶点列表 vets, 返回值列表 vals ###
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def vets_to_vals(vets)
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Array.new(vets.length) { |i| vets[i].val }
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end
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