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feat: add ruby code - chapter "divide and conquer" (#1361)
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42
codes/ruby/chapter_divide_and_conquer/binary_search_recur.rb
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codes/ruby/chapter_divide_and_conquer/binary_search_recur.rb
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=begin
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File: binary_search_recur.rb
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Created Time: 2024-05-13
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Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)
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=end
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### 二分查找:问题 f(i, j) ###
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def dfs(nums, target, i, j)
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# 若区间为空,代表无目标元素,则返回 -1
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return -1 if i > j
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# 计算中点索引 m
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m = (i + j) / 2
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if nums[m] < target
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# 递归子问题 f(m+1, j)
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return dfs(nums, target, m + 1, j)
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elsif nums[m] > target
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# 递归子问题 f(i, m-1)
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return dfs(nums, target, i, m - 1)
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else
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# 找到目标元素,返回其索引
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return m
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end
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end
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### 二分查找 ###
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def binary_search(nums, target)
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n = nums.length
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# 求解问题 f(0, n-1)
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dfs(nums, target, 0, n - 1)
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end
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### Driver Code ###
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if __FILE__ == $0
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target = 6
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nums = [1, 3, 6, 8, 12, 15, 23, 26, 31, 35]
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# 二分查找(双闭区间)
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index = binary_search(nums, target)
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puts "目标元素 6 的索引 = #{index}"
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end
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codes/ruby/chapter_divide_and_conquer/build_tree.rb
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codes/ruby/chapter_divide_and_conquer/build_tree.rb
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=begin
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File: build_tree.rb
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Created Time: 2024-05-13
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Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)
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=end
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require_relative '../utils/tree_node'
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require_relative '../utils/print_util'
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### 构建二叉树:分治 ###
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def dfs(preorder, inorder_map, i, l, r)
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# 子树区间为空时终止
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return if r - l < 0
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# 初始化根节点
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root = TreeNode.new(preorder[i])
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# 查询 m ,从而划分左右子树
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m = inorder_map[preorder[i]]
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# 子问题:构建左子树
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root.left = dfs(preorder, inorder_map, i + 1, l, m - 1)
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# 子问题:构建右子树
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root.right = dfs(preorder, inorder_map, i + 1 + m - l, m + 1, r)
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# 返回根节点
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root
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end
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### 构建二叉树 ###
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def build_tree(preorder, inorder)
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# 初始化哈希表,存储 inorder 元素到索引的映射
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inorder_map = {}
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inorder.each_with_index { |val, i| inorder_map[val] = i }
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dfs(preorder, inorder_map, 0, 0, inorder.length - 1)
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end
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### Driver Code ###
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if __FILE__ == $0
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preorder = [3, 9, 2, 1, 7]
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inorder = [9, 3, 1, 2, 7]
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puts "前序遍历 = #{preorder}"
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puts "中序遍历 = #{inorder}"
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root = build_tree(preorder, inorder)
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puts "构建的二叉树为:"
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print_tree(root)
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end
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codes/ruby/chapter_divide_and_conquer/hanota.rb
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codes/ruby/chapter_divide_and_conquer/hanota.rb
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=begin
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File: hanota.rb
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Created Time: 2024-05-13
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Author: Xuan Khoa Tu Nguyen (ngxktuzkai2000@gmail.com)
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=end
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### 移动一个圆盘 ###
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def move(src, tar)
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# 从 src 顶部拿出一个圆盘
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pan = src.pop
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# 将圆盘放入 tar 顶部
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tar << pan
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end
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### 求解汉诺塔问题 f(i) ###
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def dfs(i, src, buf, tar)
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# 若 src 只剩下一个圆盘,则直接将其移到 tar
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if i == 1
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move(src, tar)
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return
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end
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# 子问题 f(i-1) :将 src 顶部 i-1 个圆盘借助 tar 移到 buf
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dfs(i - 1, src, tar, buf)
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# 子问题 f(1) :将 src 剩余一个圆盘移到 tar
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move(src, tar)
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# 子问题 f(i-1) :将 buf 顶部 i-1 个圆盘借助 src 移到 tar
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dfs(i - 1, buf, src, tar)
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end
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### 求解汉诺塔问题 ###
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def solve_hanota(_A, _B, _C)
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n = _A.length
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# 将 A 顶部 n 个圆盘借助 B 移到 C
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dfs(n, _A, _B, _C)
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end
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### Driver Code ###
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if __FILE__ == $0
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# 列表尾部是柱子顶部
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A = [5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
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B = []
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C = []
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puts "初始状态下:"
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puts "A = #{A}"
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puts "B = #{B}"
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puts "C = #{C}"
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solve_hanota(A, B, C)
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puts "圆盘移动完成后:"
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puts "A = #{A}"
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puts "B = #{B}"
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puts "C = #{C}"
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end
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