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7 changed files with 43 additions and 39 deletions
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@ -1056,7 +1056,7 @@ Below is the code for implementing a queue using a linked list:
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/* 析构函数 */
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void delLinkedListQueue(LinkedListQueue *queue) {
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// 释放所有节点
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for (int i = 0; i < queue->queSize && queue->front != NULL; i++) {
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while (queue->front != NULL) {
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ListNode *tmp = queue->front;
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queue->front = queue->front->next;
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free(tmp);
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@ -2059,7 +2059,7 @@ $$
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对数阶常见于分治算法。例如归并排序，输入长度为 $n$ 的数组，每轮递归将数组从中点处划分为两半，形成高度为 $\log n$ 的递归树，使用 $O(\log n)$ 栈帧空间。
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再例如将数字转化为字符串，输入一个正整数 $n$ ，它的位数为 $\log_{10} n + 1$ ，即对应字符串长度为 $\log_{10} n + 1$ ，因此空间复杂度为 $O(\log_{10} n + 1) = O(\log n)$ 。
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再例如将数字转化为字符串，输入一个正整数 $n$ ，它的位数为 $\lfloor \log_{10} n \rfloor + 1$ ，即对应字符串长度为 $\lfloor \log_{10} n \rfloor + 1$ ，因此空间复杂度为 $O(\log_{10} n + 1) = O(\log n)$ 。
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## 2.4.4 权衡时间与空间
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@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ UTF-8 的编码规则并不复杂，分为以下两种情况。
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- JavaScript 和 TypeScript 的字符串使用 UTF-16 编码的原因与 Java 类似。当 1995 年 Netscape 公司首次推出 JavaScript 语言时，Unicode 还处于发展早期，那时候使用 16 位的编码就足以表示所有的 Unicode 字符了。
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- C# 使用 UTF-16 编码，主要是因为 .NET 平台是由 Microsoft 设计的，而 Microsoft 的很多技术（包括 Windows 操作系统）都广泛使用 UTF-16 编码。
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由于以上编程语言对字符数量的低估，它们不得不采取“代理对”的方式来表示超过 16 位长度的 Unicode 字符。这是一个不得已为之的无奈之举。一方面，包含代理对的字符串中，一个字符可能占用 2 字节或 4 字节，从而丧失了等长编码的优势。另一方面，处理代理对需要增加额外代码，这提高了编程的复杂性和调试难度。
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由于以上编程语言对字符数量的低估，它们不得不采取“代理对”的方式来表示超过 16 位长度的 Unicode 字符。这是一个不得已为之的无奈之举。一方面，包含代理对的字符串中，一个字符可能占用 2 字节或 4 字节，从而丧失了等长编码的优势。另一方面，处理代理对需要额外增加代码，这提高了编程的复杂性和调试难度。
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出于以上原因，部分编程语言提出了一些不同的编码方案。
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@ -12,19 +12,18 @@ comments: true
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如图 3-1 所示，逻辑结构可分为“线性”和“非线性”两大类。线性结构比较直观，指数据在逻辑关系上呈线性排列；非线性结构则相反，呈非线性排列。
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- **线性数据结构**：数组、链表、栈、队列、哈希表。
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- **线性数据结构**：数组、链表、栈、队列、哈希表，元素之间是一对一的顺序关系。
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- **非线性数据结构**：树、堆、图、哈希表。
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非线性数据结构可以进一步划分为树形结构和网状结构。
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- **树形结构**：树、堆、哈希表，元素之间是一对多的关系。
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- **网状结构**：图，元素之间是多对多的关系。
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{ class="animation-figure" }
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<p align="center"> 图 3-1 线性数据结构与非线性数据结构 </p>
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非线性数据结构可以进一步划分为树形结构和网状结构。
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- **线性结构**：数组、链表、队列、栈、哈希表，元素之间是一对一的顺序关系。
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- **树形结构**：树、堆、哈希表，元素之间是一对多的关系。
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- **网状结构**：图，元素之间是多对多的关系。
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## 3.1.2 物理结构：连续与分散
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**当算法程序运行时，正在处理的数据主要存储在内存中**。图 3-2 展示了一个计算机内存条，其中每个黑色方块都包含一块内存空间。我们可以将内存想象成一个巨大的 Excel 表格，其中每个单元格都可以存储一定大小的数据。
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@ -1056,7 +1056,7 @@ comments: true
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/* 析构函数 */
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void delLinkedListQueue(LinkedListQueue *queue) {
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// 释放所有节点
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for (int i = 0; i < queue->queSize && queue->front != NULL; i++) {
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while (queue->front != NULL) {
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ListNode *tmp = queue->front;
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queue->front = queue->front->next;
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free(tmp);
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@ -23,91 +23,91 @@ hide:
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style="position: absolute; width: auto; height: 78.751%; left: 10.545%; top: 7.326%;">
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<a href="/chapter_introduction/">
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<img class="hero-on-hover" src="assets/hero/astronaut.png" style="height: 46.673%; left: 35.413%; top: 24.343%;">
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<p class="hero-caption" style="left: 52.244%; top: 20.919%;">初识算法</p>
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<span class="hero-caption" style="left: 52.244%; top: 20.919%;">初识算法</span>
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</a>
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||||
<a href="/chapter_computational_complexity/">
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||||
<img class="hero-on-hover" src="assets/hero/chapter_computational_complexity.png"
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style="height: 12.347%; left: 36.267%; top: 37.653%;">
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||||
<p class="hero-caption" style="left: 39.244%; top: 33.919%;">复杂度</p>
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||||
<span class="hero-caption" style="left: 39.244%; top: 33.919%;">复杂度</span>
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</a>
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||||
<a href="/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/">
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||||
<img class="hero-on-hover" src="assets/hero/chapter_array_and_linkedlist.png"
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||||
style="height: 22.242%; left: 73.242%; top: 52.481%;">
|
||||
<p class="hero-caption" style="left: 90.897%; top: 76.259%;">数组与链表</p>
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<span class="hero-caption" style="left: 90.897%; top: 76.259%;">数组与链表</span>
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</a>
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||||
<a href="/chapter_stack_and_queue/">
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||||
<img class="hero-on-hover" src="assets/hero/chapter_stack_and_queue.png"
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||||
style="height: 14.302%; left: 62.646%; top: 77.875%;">
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||||
<p class="hero-caption" style="left: 78.371%; top: 90.25%;">栈与队列</p>
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||||
<span class="hero-caption" style="left: 77.571%; top: 91.25%;">栈与队列</span>
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||||
</a>
|
||||
<a href="/chapter_hashing/">
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||||
<img class="hero-on-hover" src="assets/hero/chapter_hashing.png"
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style="height: 15.266%; left: 63.281%; top: 27.933%;">
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||||
<p class="hero-caption" style="left: 68.862%; top: 46.292%;">哈希表</p>
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<span class="hero-caption" style="left: 68.862%; top: 46.292%;">哈希表</span>
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</a>
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||||
<a href="/chapter_tree/">
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||||
<img class="hero-on-hover" src="assets/hero/chapter_tree.png"
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style="height: 19.615%; left: 80.137%; top: 26.678%;">
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||||
<p class="hero-caption" style="left: 96.159%; top: 44.8%;">树</p>
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||||
<span class="hero-caption" style="left: 96.159%; top: 44.8%;">树</span>
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||||
</a>
|
||||
<a href="/chapter_heap/">
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||||
<img class="hero-on-hover" src="assets/hero/chapter_heap.png"
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||||
style="height: 10.566%; left: 77.226%; top: 11.559%;">
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||||
<p class="hero-caption" style="left: 88.103%; top: 15.422%;">堆</p>
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||||
<span class="hero-caption" style="left: 88.103%; top: 15.422%;">堆</span>
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||||
</a>
|
||||
<a href="/chapter_graph/">
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||||
<img class="hero-on-hover" src="assets/hero/chapter_graph.png"
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||||
style="height: 16.112%; left: 51.854%; top: 5.575%;">
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||||
<p class="hero-caption" style="left: 71.195%; top: 6.503%;">图</p>
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||||
<span class="hero-caption" style="left: 71.195%; top: 6.503%;">图</span>
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||||
</a>
|
||||
<a href="/chapter_searching/">
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||||
<img class="hero-on-hover" src="assets/hero/chapter_searching.png"
|
||||
style="height: 15.149%; left: 18.185%; top: 16.404%;">
|
||||
<p class="hero-caption" style="left: 14.556%; top: 20.876%;">搜索</p>
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||||
<span class="hero-caption" style="left: 14.556%; top: 20.876%;">搜索</span>
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||||
</a>
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||||
<a href="/chapter_sorting/">
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||||
<img class="hero-on-hover" src="assets/hero/chapter_sorting.png"
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||||
style="height: 9.574%; left: 25.409%; top: 40.747%;">
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||||
<p class="hero-caption" style="left: 28.805%; top: 53.808%;">排序</p>
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||||
<span class="hero-caption" style="left: 28.805%; top: 53.808%;">排序</span>
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||||
</a>
|
||||
<a href="/chapter_divide_and_conquer/">
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||||
<img class="hero-on-hover" src="assets/hero/chapter_divide_and_conquer.png"
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||||
style="height: 18.681%; left: 32.721%; top: 4.816%;">
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||||
<p class="hero-caption" style="left: 31.42%; top: 8.679%;">分治</p>
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||||
<span class="hero-caption" style="left: 31.42%; top: 8.679%;">分治</span>
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||||
</a>
|
||||
<a href="/chapter_backtracking/">
|
||||
<img class="hero-on-hover" src="assets/hero/chapter_backtracking.png"
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||||
style="height: 17.338%; left: 4.875%; top: 32.925%;">
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||||
<p class="hero-caption" style="left: 4.742%; top: 50.113%;">回溯</p>
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||||
<span class="hero-caption" style="left: 4.742%; top: 50.113%;">回溯</span>
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||||
</a>
|
||||
<a href="/chapter_dynamic_programming/">
|
||||
<img class="hero-on-hover" src="assets/hero/chapter_dynamic_programming.png"
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||||
style="height: 15.47%; left: 9.406%; top: 57.472%;">
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||||
<p class="hero-caption" style="left: 8.561%; top: 75.351%;">动态规划</p>
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||||
<span class="hero-caption" style="left: 8.561%; top: 75.351%;">动态规划</span>
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||||
</a>
|
||||
<a href="/chapter_greedy/">
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||||
<img class="hero-on-hover" src="assets/hero/chapter_greedy.png"
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||||
style="height: 14.127%; left: 23.132%; top: 75.803%;">
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||||
<p class="hero-caption" style="left: 21.619%; top: 86.85%;">贪心</p>
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<span class="hero-caption" style="left: 21.619%; top: 86.85%;">贪心</span>
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||||
</a>
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||||
</div>
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||||
|
||||
<!-- heading and buttons -->
|
||||
<div style="width: 100%; position: absolute; transform: translateX(-50%); left: 50%; bottom: min(2vh, 3vw);">
|
||||
<div style="width: 100%; position: absolute; transform: translateX(-50%); left: 50%; bottom: min(2vh, 3vw); pointer-events: none;">
|
||||
<img style="height: min(9vh, 12vw);"
|
||||
src="https://readme-typing-svg.demolab.com/?font=Noto+Sans+SC&weight=400&duration=3500&pause=2000&color=FFF¢er=true&vCenter=true&random=false&width=200&lines=Hello%2C+%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95+!"
|
||||
alt="hello-algo-typing-svg" />
|
||||
<p style="color: #fff; margin-top: max(-1vh, -2vw); margin-bottom: min(2vh, 3.5vw);">
|
||||
动画图解、一键运行的数据结构与算法教程
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<div style="pointer-events: auto;">
|
||||
<a href="/chapter_preface/" class="rounded-button">
|
||||
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
|
||||
viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.-->
|
||||
<path
|
||||
d="M160 96a96 96 0 1 1 192 0A96 96 0 1 1 160 96zm80 152V512l-48.4-24.2c-20.9-10.4-43.5-17-66.8-19.3l-96-9.6C12.5 457.2 0 443.5 0 427V224c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H62.3c63.6 0 125.6 19.6 177.7 56zm32 264V248c52.1-36.4 114.1-56 177.7-56H480c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32V427c0 16.4-12.5 30.2-28.8 31.8l-96 9.6c-23.2 2.3-45.9 8.9-66.8 19.3L272 512z" />
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||||
</svg>
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||||
<p>开始阅读</p>
|
||||
<span>开始阅读</span>
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
<a href="https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo" class="rounded-button">
|
||||
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
|
||||
|
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@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ hide:
|
|||
d="M165.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3 .3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6zm-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5 .3-6.2 2.3zm44.2-1.7c-2.9 .7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9 .3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9zM244.8 8C106.1 8 0 113.3 0 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C428.2 457.8 496 362.9 496 252 496 113.3 383.5 8 244.8 8zM97.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3 .7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1zm-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3 .3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6 .7 4.3-.7 .7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3 .7zm32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3 .7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1zm-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9 1.6 2.3 4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3 1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2z">
|
||||
</path>
|
||||
</svg>
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||||
<p>代码仓库</p>
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||||
<span>代码仓库</span>
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
<!-- arrow -->
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||||
|
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@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ hide:
|
|||
<!-- Section: reading -->
|
||||
<section data-md-color-scheme="default" data-md-color-primary="white" class="home-div">
|
||||
<div class="section-content">
|
||||
<div style="height: min(37vh, 33vw); width: min(75vh, 75vw); position: relative; margin: 1em auto;">
|
||||
<div style="height: min(37vh, 33vw); width: min(75vh, 75vw); position: relative; margin: 0.5em auto;">
|
||||
<!-- devices -->
|
||||
<!-- mac height = 248.1 mm -->
|
||||
<!-- ipad height = 280.6mm -->
|
||||
|
|
@ -166,11 +166,11 @@ hide:
|
|||
<img class="device-on-hover" src="assets/hero/pdf_ipad.png" style="height: 100%; left: 60%; bottom: 0%;">
|
||||
<img class="device-on-hover" src="assets/hero/web_iphone.png" style="height: 57.27%; left: 2%; bottom: 0%;">
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||||
</div>
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||||
<p style="margin-top: 2em;">提供网页版和 PDF 版，兼容 PC、平板和手机，随时随地阅读</p>
|
||||
<p style="margin: 2em auto;">提供网页版和 PDF 版，兼容 PC、平板和手机，随时随地阅读</p>
|
||||
<div class="text-button-container">
|
||||
<a href="https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo/releases">
|
||||
<div class="text-button">
|
||||
<p>下载 PDF</p>
|
||||
<span>下载 PDF</span>
|
||||
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
|
||||
viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!--!Font Awesome Free 6.5.1 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free Copyright 2024 Fonticons, Inc.-->
|
||||
<path
|
||||
|
|
@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ hide:
|
|||
<section data-md-color-scheme="slate" data-md-color-primary="grey" class="home-div">
|
||||
<div class="section-content">
|
||||
<h3 style="text-align: center; margin: 1em auto;">推荐语</h3>
|
||||
<div class="intro-container" style="margin-bottom: 1em;">
|
||||
<div class="intro-container" style="margin: 0 auto;">
|
||||
<div class="intro-text endor-text">
|
||||
<p style="margin-bottom: 0;">“一本通俗易懂的数据结构与算法入门书，引导读者手脑并用地学习，强烈推荐算法初学者阅读。”</p>
|
||||
<p style="font-weight: bold;">—— 邓俊辉，清华大学计算机系教授</p>
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||||
|
|
|
|||
|
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@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ body {
|
|||
background-color: var(--md-default-bg-color);
|
||||
color: var(--md-default-fg-color);
|
||||
font-size: 0.9rem;
|
||||
padding: 2em;
|
||||
padding: 3em 2em;
|
||||
text-align: center;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ body {
|
|||
justify-content: center;
|
||||
border-radius: 10em;
|
||||
margin: 0 0.1em;
|
||||
padding: 0.5em 1.3em;
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padding: 0.6em 1.3em;
|
||||
border: none;
|
||||
background-color: var(--md-typeset-btn-color);
|
||||
color: var(--md-primary-fg-color) !important;
|
||||
|
|
@ -234,9 +234,10 @@ body {
|
|||
background-color: var(--md-typeset-btn-hover-color);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.rounded-button p {
|
||||
.rounded-button span {
|
||||
margin: 0;
|
||||
margin-bottom: 0.1em;
|
||||
margin-bottom: 0.07em;
|
||||
white-space: nowrap;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.rounded-button svg {
|
||||
|
|
@ -257,18 +258,22 @@ body {
|
|||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.text-button {
|
||||
width: 100%;
|
||||
display: flex;
|
||||
flex-direction: row;
|
||||
align-items: center;
|
||||
color: var(--md-typeset-btn-color);
|
||||
text-decoration: none;
|
||||
margin: 0 1em;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.text-button:hover {
|
||||
text-decoration: underline;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.text-button span {
|
||||
white-space: nowrap;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
.text-button svg {
|
||||
display: inline-block;
|
||||
fill: var(--md-typeset-btn-color);
|
||||
|
|
@ -288,7 +293,7 @@ body {
|
|||
padding: 0;
|
||||
position: relative;
|
||||
color: white;
|
||||
font-size: min(2vh, 2.5vw);
|
||||
font-size: min(1.8vh, 2.5vw);
|
||||
font-weight: 500;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in a new issue