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5 changed files with 86 additions and 55 deletions
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@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ comments: true
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=== "JavaScript"
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```javascript title=""
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/* 链表结点结构体 */
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/* 链表结点类 */
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class ListNode {
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val;
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next;
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@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ comments: true
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=== "TypeScript"
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```typescript title=""
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/* 链表结点结构体 */
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/* 链表结点类 */
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class ListNode {
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val: number;
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next: ListNode | null;
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@ -97,7 +97,11 @@ comments: true
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=== "C"
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```c title=""
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/* 链表结点结构体 */
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struct ListNode {
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int val; // 结点值
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ListNode *next; // 指向下一结点的指针(引用)
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};
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```
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=== "C#"
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@ -896,7 +900,7 @@ comments: true
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=== "C++"
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```cpp title=""
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/* 链表结点结构体 */
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/* 双向链表结点结构体 */
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struct ListNode {
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int val; // 结点值
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ListNode *next; // 指向后继结点的指针(引用)
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@ -2597,33 +2597,9 @@ $$
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=== "C"
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```c title="worst_best_time_complexity.c"
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/* 生成一个数组,元素为 { 1, 2, ..., n },顺序被打乱 */
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int *randomNumbers(int n) {
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// 分配堆区内存(创建一维可变长数组:数组中元素数量为n,元素类型为int)
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int *nums = (int *)malloc(n * sizeof(int));
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// 生成数组 nums = { 1, 2, 3, ..., n }
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for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
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nums[i] = i + 1;
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}
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// 随机打乱数组元素
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for (int i = n - 1; i > 0; i--) {
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int j = rand() % (i + 1);
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int temp = nums[i];
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nums[i] = nums[j];
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nums[j] = temp;
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}
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return nums;
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}
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[class]{}-[func]{randomNumbers}
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/* 查找数组 nums 中数字 1 所在索引 */
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int findOne(int *nums, int n) {
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for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
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// 当元素 1 在数组头部时,达到最佳时间复杂度 O(1)
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// 当元素 1 在数组尾部时,达到最差时间复杂度 O(n)
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if (nums[i] == 1) return i;
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}
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return -1;
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}
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[class]{}-[func]{findOne}
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```
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=== "C#"
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@ -1023,15 +1023,14 @@ comments: true
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```go title="graph_adjacency_list.go"
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/* 基于邻接表实现的无向图类 */
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type graphAdjList struct {
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// 邻接表,使用哈希表来代替链表,以提升删除边、删除顶点的效率
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// 请注意,adjList 中的元素是 Vertex 对象
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adjList map[vertex]map[vertex]struct{}
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// 邻接表,key: 顶点,value:该顶点的所有邻接顶点
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adjList map[Vertex][]Vertex
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}
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/* 构造方法 */
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func newGraphAdjList(edges [][]vertex) *graphAdjList {
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func newGraphAdjList(edges [][]Vertex) *graphAdjList {
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g := &graphAdjList{
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adjList: make(map[vertex]map[vertex]struct{}),
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adjList: make(map[Vertex][]Vertex),
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}
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// 添加所有顶点和边
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for _, edge := range edges {
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}
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/* 添加边 */
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func (g *graphAdjList) addEdge(vet1 vertex, vet2 vertex) {
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func (g *graphAdjList) addEdge(vet1 Vertex, vet2 Vertex) {
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_, ok1 := g.adjList[vet1]
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_, ok2 := g.adjList[vet2]
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if !ok1 || !ok2 || vet1 == vet2 {
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panic("error")
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}
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// 添加边 vet1 - vet2, 添加匿名 struct{},
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g.adjList[vet1][vet2] = struct{}{}
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g.adjList[vet2][vet1] = struct{}{}
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g.adjList[vet1] = append(g.adjList[vet1], vet2)
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g.adjList[vet2] = append(g.adjList[vet2], vet1)
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}
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/* 删除边 */
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func (g *graphAdjList) removeEdge(vet1 vertex, vet2 vertex) {
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func (g *graphAdjList) removeEdge(vet1 Vertex, vet2 Vertex) {
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_, ok1 := g.adjList[vet1]
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_, ok2 := g.adjList[vet2]
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if !ok1 || !ok2 || vet1 == vet2 {
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panic("error")
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}
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// 删除边 vet1 - vet2, 借助 delete 来删除 map 中的键
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delete(g.adjList[vet1], vet2)
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delete(g.adjList[vet2], vet1)
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// 删除边 vet1 - vet2
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DeleteSliceElms(g.adjList[vet1], vet2)
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DeleteSliceElms(g.adjList[vet2], vet1)
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}
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/* 添加顶点 */
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func (g *graphAdjList) addVertex(vet vertex) {
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func (g *graphAdjList) addVertex(vet Vertex) {
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_, ok := g.adjList[vet]
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if ok {
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return
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}
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// 在邻接表中添加一个新链表
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g.adjList[vet] = make(map[vertex]struct{})
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g.adjList[vet] = make([]Vertex, 0)
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}
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/* 删除顶点 */
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func (g *graphAdjList) removeVertex(vet vertex) {
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func (g *graphAdjList) removeVertex(vet Vertex) {
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_, ok := g.adjList[vet]
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if !ok {
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panic("error")
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@ -1090,9 +1089,8 @@ comments: true
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// 在邻接表中删除顶点 vet 对应的链表
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delete(g.adjList, vet)
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// 遍历其它顶点的链表,删除所有包含 vet 的边
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for _, set := range g.adjList {
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// 操作
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delete(set, vet)
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for _, list := range g.adjList {
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DeleteSliceElms(list, vet)
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}
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}
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var builder strings.Builder
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fmt.Printf("邻接表 = \n")
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for k, v := range g.adjList {
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builder.WriteString("\t\t" + strconv.Itoa(k.val) + ": ")
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for vet := range v {
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builder.WriteString(strconv.Itoa(vet.val) + " ")
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builder.WriteString("\t\t" + strconv.Itoa(k.Val) + ": ")
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for _, vet := range v {
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builder.WriteString(strconv.Itoa(vet.Val) + " ")
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}
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fmt.Println(builder.String())
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builder.Reset()
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@ -94,7 +94,37 @@ BFS 常借助「队列」来实现。队列具有“先入先出”的性质,
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=== "Go"
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```go title="graph_bfs.go"
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[class]{}-[func]{graphBFS}
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/* 广度优先遍历 BFS */
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// 使用邻接表来表示图,以便获取指定顶点的所有邻接顶点
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func graphBFS(g *graphAdjList, startVet Vertex) []Vertex {
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// 顶点遍历序列
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res := make([]Vertex, 0)
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// 哈希表,用于记录已被访问过的顶点
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visited := make(map[Vertex]struct{})
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visited[startVet] = struct{}{}
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// 队列用于实现 BFS, 使用切片模拟队列
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queue := make([]Vertex, 0)
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queue = append(queue, startVet)
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// 以顶点 vet 为起点,循环直至访问完所有顶点
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for len(queue) > 0 {
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// 队首顶点出队
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vet := queue[0]
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queue = queue[1:]
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// 记录访问顶点
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res = append(res, vet)
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// 遍历该顶点的所有邻接顶点
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for _, adjVet := range g.adjList[vet] {
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_, isExist := visited[adjVet]
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// 只入队未访问的顶点
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if !isExist {
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queue = append(queue, adjVet)
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visited[adjVet] = struct{}{}
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}
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}
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}
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// 返回顶点遍历序列
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return res
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}
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```
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=== "JavaScript"
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=== "Go"
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```go title="graph_dfs.go"
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[class]{}-[func]{dfs}
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/* 深度优先遍历 DFS 辅助函数 */
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func dfs(g *graphAdjList, visited map[Vertex]struct{}, res *[]Vertex, vet Vertex) {
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// append 操作会返回新的的引用,必须让原引用重新赋值为新slice的引用
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*res = append(*res, vet)
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visited[vet] = struct{}{}
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// 遍历该顶点的所有邻接顶点
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for _, adjVet := range g.adjList[vet] {
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_, isExist := visited[adjVet]
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// 递归访问邻接顶点
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if !isExist {
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dfs(g, visited, res, adjVet)
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}
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}
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}
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[class]{}-[func]{graphDFS}
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/* 深度优先遍历 DFS */
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// 使用邻接表来表示图,以便获取指定顶点的所有邻接顶点
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func graphDFS(g *graphAdjList, startVet Vertex) []Vertex {
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// 顶点遍历序列
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res := make([]Vertex, 0)
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// 哈希表,用于记录已被访问过的顶点
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visited := make(map[Vertex]struct{})
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dfs(g, visited, &res, startVet)
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// 返回顶点遍历序列
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return res
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}
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```
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=== "JavaScript"
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=== "Go"
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```go title=""
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/* 链表结点类 */
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/* 链表结点结构体 */
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type TreeNode struct {
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Val int
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Left *TreeNode
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